Correct answers to junior high school questions in the third national geographic science and technology competition of Dr. Earth.

The first part is an objective question: Only one of the four options in the following question is correct.

1. What kind of weather phenomenon caused the magnificent scene of "a thousand cliffs in the ice, a rich jade in the middle"?

A blizzard b blizzard c freezing rain d blowing snow

2. Meteorological rime is sometimes called "ice", "ice hanging", "ice falling" and "ground oil". When these phenomena occur, the vertical structure of the atmosphere near the ground is:

A it's hot up and down and cold in the middle.

B It's cold from top to bottom and hot in the middle.

C upper cooling and lower heating

D from high to low, the temperature is greatly reduced.

3. A pastoral area receives the red warning information of snow disaster from the meteorological department, and the work that the pastoral area should urgently start is as follows:

A plans to mobilize livestock and food from neighboring provinces and cities immediately.

B. Immediately inspect and reinforce the temporary structure of livestock.

C. Drive the livestock from the wild into the enclosure within 6 hours.

D Command Center immediately organized a red warning of snowstorm.

On February 26th, 2004, at 8: 25 local time +65438, a strong earthquake occurred in the sea area near Sumatra Island (3.9 N, 95.9 E), causing huge losses. Answer questions 4-7 accordingly.

When the tsunami reaches the coast, the first phenomenon on the coast is as follows.

The seawater recedes above the lowest tidal level.

The sea rose below the high tide line.

The movement of sea water slows down.

The sea began to recede sharply.

5. Waves swept by the tsunami:

A goes deep into the bottom of the sea like the tide.

The 3-meter-high waves are like storms.

C the speed of tsunami waves in the deep sea can exceed 700 kilometers per hour, which is not as good as Boeing 747.

Tsunamis in deep water are very dangerous.

6. It is correct to say that the earthquake triggered the tsunami:

The magnitude is above 7;

B the focal depth is more than 50 kilometers on the seabed;

C magnitude is above 8;

The focal depth of the earthquake is within 50 kilometers of the seabed.

7. After the tsunami, the defensive measures that should be taken are:

A. The United Nations has established a tsunami early warning mechanism;

B. Countries should strengthen ties and establish mangrove belts;

C launch of geosynchronous satellites by coastal countries;

The coastal countries built dams to resist the tsunami.

8. The common meteorological disasters in China are consistent with the occurrence areas:

A Northwest China-Flood B Northeast China-Flood

C South China-Spring Drought D North China-Summer Drought

1976 Tangshan earthquake and 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are two natural disasters with extremely heavy losses since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Answer 9- 14 accordingly.

9. After the Wenchuan earthquake, we saw the video of the disaster area from the drone and the high-definition photos of the dammed lake in the media. These first-hand data have played a very important role for experts to formulate reasonable disaster relief strategies. What geographical techniques are used for drones and taking photos of the dammed lake?

Global positioning system remote sensing

B. remote sensing geographic information technology

C. global positioning system geographic information technology

D. geographic information technology global positioning system

10. The Wenchuan earthquake was extremely destructive, partly because it caused other disasters. Disasters that do not belong to the Wenchuan earthquake are:

A debris flow b collapse c storm surge d landslide

1 1. Comparing the two major earthquakes, the following analysis is incorrect:

Wenchuan earthquake occurred in mountainous areas, and other disasters caused by the earthquake increased the difficulty of rescue.

Wenchuan earthquake is longer in magnitude and duration than Tangshan earthquake.

C Tangshan area is a plain city, which is convenient for timely rescue.

Wenchuan earthquake killed more people than Tangshan earthquake.

Tangjiashan dammed lake is the largest dammed lake formed after Wenchuan earthquake. The description of the dammed lake is correct:

The continuous precipitation makes the water level of Tangjiashan dammed lake rise;

B Tangjiashan dammed lake was blocked by landslide caused by earthquake;

C the breach of Tangjiashan dammed lake poses a great threat to the people on both sides of the strait, and the threat is lifted after flowing into the downstream;

D Tangjiashan dammed lake belongs to lava dammed lake.

13. An earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province. The colors on the satellite cloud images in this area that are conducive to earthquake relief are:

A blue b white c green d red

14. The motive force of Wenchuan earthquake comes from:

Collision between Indian Ocean Plate and Eurasian Plate

B the Qinghai-Tibet plateau moves northeast.

Longmenshan nappe is southeast.

Strong blocking of active blocks in South China

From June, 5438 to October, 2008 10, some areas in the south suffered from the cooling and precipitation that had not happened in 50 years, which brought great suffering to production and life. Answer the question accordingly 15- 16:

15. One of the reasons for this cooling and precipitation is:

The temperature in the western Pacific is higher than that in the eastern Pacific.

The temperature in the eastern Pacific is higher than that in the western Pacific.

C Cold currents in the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean affect China.

D Warm currents off the west coast of Peru and Chile affect China.

16. The group that incorrectly describes the impact on China is:

A Heavy snow and freezing rain in recent days have caused cables and towers to break, and cold weather has led to a sharp increase in electricity consumption, leading to large-scale power outages in some areas.

B The southern section of Beijing-Guangzhou line and some sections of Shanghai-Kunming line were stopped, the train was delayed many times, tens of thousands of passengers were stranded in Guangzhou Station, and some sections of Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway were closed.

C some migrant workers can't buy tickets, or because of traffic reasons, even if they have tickets, they can't go home for the New Year.

The interruption of transportation line makes the situation of coal production and supply tense, and the task of transporting coal from south to north is imminent.

17. Disasters that are not easy to occur in spring and autumn in China are:

A cold wave b frost c drought and flood d plum rain

18. When an earthquake occurs, people feel that they shake up and down first, and then shake left and right, which is caused by the different propagation speeds of longitudinal and shear waves of seismic waves. What poses a serious threat to people is shaking from side to side. The reason is:

P-wave travels fast and disappears slowly.

B longitudinal waves spread quickly and disappear quickly;

C shear wave propagates slowly and disappears quickly;

D-shear wave propagates fast and disappears slowly.

19. The 49th United Nations decided to establish the World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought from 1995, which is:

A June17 b March 9 C June 22 d June 5

The seismically active areas in China are mainly concentrated in Taiwan Province Province and its coastal areas, Southwest China, Xinjiang, North China and Fujian and Guangdong coastal areas. Answer questions 20-22 accordingly:

20. The successful signing of the "three links" agreement between Chinese mainland and Taiwan Province Province indicates that Chinese mainland and Taiwan Province Province can realize:

A Send emails directly to friends and relatives in Taiwan Province Province.

Mail items directly to relatives and friends in Taiwan Province Province.

Direct flight to Taoyuan Airport in Taiwan Province Province via Hongkong;

Taiwanese businessmen directly come to the mainland to invest and do business.

2 1. In the distribution of seismic belt in Taiwan Province Province, the disaster is serious:

A west seismic belt b east? Seismic belt c, central seismic belt d, eastern seismic belt

22. In the event of an earthquake, the correct approach is:

If you are in the classroom, hide under the desk quickly.

B If you are in the classroom, run out of the stairs quickly and meet in the playground.

If you are in the car, speed up to avoid buildings or billboards.

If you are in an empty place, get down quickly.

23. The 42nd United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 169, and decided that the period from 1990 to 2000 would be the International Decade for Disaster Reduction. This year is:

A.1987 65438+February B.1988 65438+February C.1977 65438+February D.1990 65438+February.

24. On129 October 2008, 10, the Brazilian Institute of Applied Economics held a global climate change forum in Brasilia to discuss global and Brazilian climate change issues and their countermeasures. Experts believe that:

Countries urgently need to control greenhouse gas emissions;

B Brazil's annual reduction of tropical rain forest area is only a small part;

If we control greenhouse gas emissions now, the global temperature will not rise by the end of this century;

China government should focus on controlling the sharp decrease of tropical rain forest area;

25. Which of the following areas is unlikely to have debris flow disasters:

A Loess Plateau B Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau C North China Plain D Sichuan Basin

26. 1964 The United States was hit by a tsunami, and then a tsunami early warning mechanism was quickly established. From 65438 to 0965, the United States initiated the establishment of a tsunami early warning system, with the participation of 26 countries including the United States, Japan and Australia. The tsunami warning system established in the United States is mainly used for monitoring:

Atlantic b Pacific c Caribbean d Gulf of Mexico

27. The impact of typhoon landing in China is incorrect:

A brings great losses to life and property.

stormy weather

Relieve the "Summer Drought" in South China and East China

Relieve the "spring drought" in northern and southern China.

At present, a quarter of the global land area is threatened by desertification, and there are four sandstorm-prone areas in the world, namely North America, Australia, Central Asia and the Middle East. Answer questions 28-30.

28. People have different names for sandstorms according to different intensities and different occurrence areas. The following names are not equivalent to sandstorms:

A blowing sand b floating and sinking c inhalable particles d black storm

29. The following descriptions of common causes in four sandstorm-prone areas are incorrect:

Overirrigation

Dry climate

The population is growing too fast.

Improper use of land

30. Among the factors affecting sandstorms in northern China, the factors related to astronomy are:

Abnormal activity of the sun

The influence of the sun's planets on the earth

Interstellar matter invades the earth's atmosphere.

The gravity anomaly of the moon to the earth

3 1. What is correct about typhoon naming:

During World War I, A began to name typhoons.

B China, the United States, South Korea, Japan, Viet Nam and other member countries of Typhoon Committee 14 each provide the name of 10 typhoon.

C the name of the typhoon is the name submitted by the typhoon source country.

D the naming of typhoons is the responsibility of the Typhoon Committee of the International Meteorological Organization.

Natural disasters include one kind of disasters and biological disasters. It includes animal disasters, plant disasters and microbial disasters. Answer questions 32-33 accordingly.

32. Discrimination is an animal disaster:

A locust plague b foot-and-mouth disease c avian influenza d swine fever

33. The SARS epidemic conforms to which of the following disaster categories:

A rodent b poisonous mushroom c poppy d cholera

34. "Storm increasing water", "storm tsunami", "meteorological tsunami" or "tsunami" refer to natural disasters:

Storm surge-meteorological disaster

Storm surge-marine disaster

Typhoon-meteorological disaster

Hurricane-meteorological disaster

35. The financial turmoil on Wall Street swept the world. The economies of the United States and Europe and the United States are affected. Many enterprises in the Pearl River Delta region of China are also facing bankruptcy. The common characteristics of these enterprises are:

Raw materials depend on imports;

B products depend on exports;

C technology depends on foreign support;

The labor force is highly dependent on foreign countries.

2008 is the United Nations International Year of Earth, and April 22nd is the 39th "Earth Day". The slogan of "Earth Day" and China International Year of the Earth is the same:

Understanding the Earth and Harmonious Development

One world, one dream

Be kind to the earth and cherish resources.

D. Earth-the common home of mankind

37. The theme of World Environment Day in 2008 is "Changing traditional ideas and promoting low-carbon economy". In this regard, one of the incorrect statements is:

A calls on all countries to "quit" the "bad hobby" of carbon and develop a "low-carbon economy" with low energy consumption and low pollution.

B. Mitigating the adverse impacts of human activities on climate through technological innovation and institutional innovation.

All countries in the world have a common obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions;

D developing countries should bear the main responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions;

38. The following indications indicate that:

A International Water Day B International Earth Day C International Environment Day D International Year of Earth

39. Common knowledge and skills of forest fire are very necessary, which is beneficial to the safety of life and property. If there is a fire in Li Sen, it is not correct:

Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel. If there is water nearby, you'd better soak your clothes.

B. Identify the size and direction of the fire and escape against the wind.

C can't escape, choose low-lying land or potholes to escape.

D run down the hill quickly to avoid running up the hill.

40. When I went out to play, I found that the water potential of the river suddenly increased, and there were more firewood and trees. According to this, what kind of disaster may happen in the valley:

A collapse b debris flow c earthquake d landslide

The second part is the subjective question.

China is a country with frequent natural disasters. Different regions may suffer from different natural disasters in different seasons. Such as earthquake, volcano, cold wave, frost, debris flow, typhoon, flood, freezing rain, drought and snowstorm. In the process of adapting and transforming nature, people constantly realize the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Please write a scientific research paper on the common natural disasters in your hometown. The contents include:

⑴ Analyze the relationship between common natural disasters in hometown and natural environment;

(2) List examples of natural disasters in my hometown.

(3) Local disaster prevention measures and their implementation effects.

(4) My own suggestions and ideas on how to resist natural disasters in my hometown.

Requirements: Clear-cut viewpoint, prominent theme, accurate thinking and reasonable speech. The number of words is about 400 ~ 600.

(Note: Works can also be submitted in the form of investigation report, composition, painting and calligraphy, animation and photography. )

1~5.CCABB

6~ 10.ABACD

1 1~ 15.DBDDB

16~20. Abad

2 1~25.ABBCB

26~30.CBABB

3 1~35.BBACB

36~40.BABCD

Examples of natural disasters in my hometown

The main natural disasters in Northeast China are earthquakes, agrometeorological disasters, crop diseases and insect pests, forest diseases and insect pests and forest fires. Earthquake is the most serious disaster. The strong earthquake of magnitude 7.3 occurred in Haicheng and Yingkou areas of Liaoning Province on February 4, 1975 is an example. The earthquake occurred in densely populated and industrially developed areas. Although the earthquake was predicted by the earthquake work department in China, strong disaster prevention measures were taken locally, which greatly reduced the casualties caused by the earthquake. However, buildings and other projects have suffered different degrees of damage and loss. The sand liquefaction area of this earthquake covers an area of 3,000 square kilometers. Liquefaction of sandy soil has caused many serious disasters, such as bank slope landslide, bridge damage, inclination of wine discharging station, bending of underground pipeline, etc. Among them, the damage of Lower Liaohe Oilfield and farmland is more prominent. The most prominent natural disaster in Northeast China is 1987 forest fire in Daxinganling area. The fire caused an area of 10 1 10,000 hectares, forest loss of 700,000 hectares, more than 30 million cubic meters of trees, more than 56,000 people killed and direct economic loss of 500 million yuan (excluding tree loss). In addition to the above disasters, Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang also have meteorological disasters such as early waterlogging, cold damage in summer, frost and malignant weeds.

Natural disasters and their prevention and control

(1) Understand the basic concepts of natural disasters. Natural disasters refer to events that occur in nature and endanger the safety of human life and property. Natural disasters that have a great impact on human beings include typhoons, floods, droughts, earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides and mudslides. Natural disasters seriously affect the normal production and living order and threaten the safety of human beings and society. (2) Take a natural disaster as an example, explain its main causes and hazards, and understand the monitoring and preventive measures of the disaster. Take the flood as an example. The causes of floods are heavy precipitation, melting of ice and snow, and ice blocking of rivers. Landslides and mudslides block rivers; Dam failure caused by natural or man-made reasons; The water collection speed of the basin and the drainage speed of the river; Improper economic activities of human beings, etc. (2) Direct losses caused by floods: industrial and agricultural property losses; Human and animal casualties; Indirect losses such as plagues and outbreaks of infectious diseases: interruption of water, electricity, transportation and energy supply; Stop commercial activities in urban and rural areas; Living obstacles, etc. 3. Flood control measures Engineering measures: building reservoirs, returning farmland to lakes and improving flood storage capacity; Build a dam; Prevent floods; Dredge the river and speed up flood discharge; Open up flood diversion area and reduce flood level. Non-engineering measures: enhance people's understanding of disaster problems and raise people's awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation; Strictly control deforestation, improve forest coverage and reduce soil erosion.