Five model essays on Beijing scenic spots introduced by tour guides

Beijing covers an area of 164 10.54 square kilometers. It is surrounded by mountains in the west, north and northeast, and a plain slowly inclining to the Bohai Sea in the southeast. The main rivers flowing through the territory are: Yongding River, Chaobai River, North Canal and Juma River. It belongs to a typical warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate. The following are five tour guide articles that I collected to introduce scenic spots in Beijing. Welcome to learn from them.

The tour guide introduced five model articles about Beijing scenic spots (1)

Hello everyone, welcome to visit Yuanmingyuan.

Yuanmingyuan is located in the western suburbs of Beijing and the east of Haidian District. It used to be a large royal court in the Qing Dynasty, covering an area of about 5,200 mu, with an inverted layout and a total area of 350 hectares. Yuanmingyuan is called the Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens. It was built during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. * * * There are more than 0/40 exhibition halls/kloc, with a total area of 3.5 million square meters. Its land building area is as big as the Forbidden City, and its water area is equivalent to a Summer Palace.

The history of Yuanmingyuan consists of Yuanmingyuan, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden (Wanchun Garden). The three gardens are adjacent, commonly known as Yuanmingyuan. It covers an area of more than 5,200 mu (about 350 hectares), which is nearly 1 1,000 mu larger than the entire Summer Palace. It is a large royal palace founded and operated by the feudal emperor of the Qing Dynasty for more than 50 years. Yong Zhengdi, Emperor Qianlong, Emperor Jiaqing, Emperor Daoguang and Emperor Xianfeng all lived in Yuanmingyuan for many years and entertained themselves, where they held a meeting to handle foreign affairs. It was the political center of the country at that time. Together with the Forbidden City, it was called the Royal Garden by the Qing Emperor.

Originally, Yuanmingyuan was the garden given by Emperor Kangxi to Yin (later Yong Zhengdi)' s fourth son. In the forty-sixth year of Kangxi, namely 1707, gardens had begun to take shape. In June165438+1October of the same year, Emperor Kangxi visited Yuanmingyuan in person. 1723 After Yong Zhengdi acceded to the throne, the original garden was expanded, and Daming Hall, Qin Zheng Hall, Cabinet, Sixth Department and Military Department were built in the south of the garden to avoid noise and listen to political affairs. During his 60 years in office, Emperor Long spent tens of millions of dollars every year to build Yuanmingyuan, repair porcelain, dredge water sources and move stones every day. In addition to the partial addition and reconstruction of Yuanmingyuan, he also built Changchun Garden in the immediate east and merged it into Qichun Garden in the southeast. In the thirty-five years of Qianlong, that is, 1770, the ternary pattern of Yuan and Ming was basically formed. During the Jiaqing period, Qichun Garden was mainly repaired and expanded, and became one of the main gardens. During the Daoguang period, state affairs were declining and financial resources were insufficient. However, I would rather withdraw the furnishings of Wanshou, Xiangshan and Yuquan, stop the hot summer in Jehol and hunt with Mulan, still not giving up the renovation and decoration of Yuanming Three Gardens.

Yuanmingyuan is not only famous for its gardens, but also a royal museum with a rich collection, which can be called a treasure house of culture. Hugo once said: Even if all the treasures of Notre Dame in our country (France) are added together, it can't compare with this magnificent Oriental Museum. The garden is luxuriously furnished and has a large collection of art treasures. According to the description of westerners who have witnessed the Yuanmingyuan, the magnificent scene in the garden is indescribable and unimaginable to Europeans. This royal villa contains all kinds of precious treasures, which are spread all over thousands of households. First-class carved rosewood furniture, exquisite ancient broken porcelain enamel bottle lamps, gold and silver brocade, carpets, leather goods, gold-plated French clocks, exquisite master plan of Yuanmingyuan, hunting maps inlaid with precious stones, vivid landscape figures plaques, other exquisite works of art in China and various exotic decorations in Europe, and so on.

Yuanmingyuan is a large-scale artificial garden with beautiful scenery. The flat land is stacked with mountains and waters, with exquisite garden architecture and widely planted flowers and trees. The mountains are undulating, the water surface is tortuous, pavilions and winding paths are secluded.

Yuanmingyuan, which embodies the essence of ancient gardening art in China, was the most outstanding large-scale garden at that time. The dragon emperor said: there is no such place. Land is precious and spiritual, and it is the place where emperors travel. But also occupies an important position in the history of world landscape architecture. Its fame spread to Europe, and it was called the Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens. Hugo, a great French writer, commented in 186 1: Imagine that it is a fascinating building like the castle of the Moon Palace, and the Summer Palace is such a building. It is often said that there are the Parthenon in Greece, the pyramids in Egypt, the Colosseum in Rome and the Summer Palace in the East. This is an amazing and unparalleled masterpiece.

This world-famous Yuanmingyuan was brutally looted and burned by the British and French allied forces in the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860+00), which became a humiliating page in China's modern history.

Nowadays, the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park takes the ruins as its theme, forming a unique tourist landscape, combining the solidified history with the vibrant garden atmosphere. It has great political and historical value and is also a rare tourist attraction. The tragedy of the destruction of Yuanmingyuan was once a symbol of the humiliation of the Chinese nation, and the rebirth of Yuanmingyuan has become and will continue to be a witness to the arduous struggle and growing prosperity of the Chinese nation. With the introduction of special planning, the goal of basically building Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park in 2006 has been clearly presented to us.

We firmly believe that a green Yuanmingyuan will surely become a pearl of the green Olympics; A basically complete Yuanmingyuan will surely become a highlight of the people's Olympics.

Five model essays of tour guides introducing scenic spots in Beijing (2)

Hello, everyone. Today, I will be your tour guide and introduce you to the Forbidden City in Beijing. I hope you will be civilized tourists and have fun! The Forbidden City in Beijing, located in the center of Beijing, is the palace of emperors in Ming and Qing Dynasties. From the fifth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty to the year of 1407, Judy in Ming Taizu gathered craftsmen from all over the country and requisitioned 200,000 to 300,000 immigrants and military workers. 14, the largest palace complex in the east was built. The Forbidden City is huge, with a total area of 720,000 square meters. There are 9,999 large and small houses, where 27 emperors lived.

Ladies and gentlemen, the first gate to the south of the Forbidden City is the famous Tiananmen Square. The scarlet wall, the same bright red glazed tile double-decker roof, five arched doors under the wall and the heroic head of Chairman Mao on the wall constitute the overall appearance of Tiananmen Square. This is not only the south gate of the Forbidden City, but also the venue of the new China founding ceremony.

After Tiananmen Square, we can see a big river in the distance. The winding and quiet river can be endless, like a long moss belt. This river is called Jinshui River, which was dug artificially. It is said that it is to resist the invading enemy, similar to the moat of the city. There are five marble bridges on Jinshui River, which are called Wulong Bridge. Stepping on the bricks on the bridge deck and holding the railings by the bridge seem to feel the atmosphere of the times at that time.

Cross Jinshui River and Wulong Bridge, cross Taihe Gate, and then walk a short distance to the Hall of Supreme Harmony, where the emperor discussed state affairs and summoned ministers. The Harmony Hall has two roofs, both of which are paved with yellow glazed tiles and shine in the sun. Under the eaves, there are more than a dozen red pillars supporting it, and further down is a tall white marble platform. Harmony Hall is 37.2 meters deep, 63.9 meters wide and 26.9 meters high, and the base of white marble is 8. 1 meter high. On the terrace in front of the temple, sundials, armour beams, bronze turtles and bronze cranes are neatly displayed in turn. Just above the main hall, there is a blue plaque in Phnom Penh, which reads the Hall of Supreme Harmony, glittering and vigorous. There are 18 golden pillars in the hall, and each pillar is carved with a colorful, lifelike and lifelike golden dragon, which seems to jump up and fly into the sky. There is also a dazzling dragon chair, which is really magnificent. Behind the Lama Temple, there are the Lama Temple for the emperor to rest in front of the court and the Baohe Hall where the highest-level imperial examination is held. After Gan Qing Gate, we came to the Forbidden City, which is the living area of the Sports Palace.

Further on, you will reach the northernmost part of the Forbidden City, called the Imperial Garden, which is a main hall in the Qin Garden. There are pines and cypresses, famous flowers and herbs, strange rocks and spring water spray beads, which is the most private and natural place in the Forbidden City. Walking out of the northernmost Di Tiananmen Square, the visit to the Forbidden City is over. I wish you all a happy visit! Thank you!

Five model essays of tour guides introducing scenic spots in Beijing (3)

Hello, tourists! I am your guide to the Summer Palace. My name is Qin Wenyu. During this trip to the Summer Palace, you can talk to me about some things. Let me tell you the beauty of the Summer Palace.

Please follow me. Now we come to the famous promenade, with green columns and red railings, with no end in sight. This corridor is more than 700 meters long and divided into 273 rooms. Colorful paintings are hung on the cross windowsill of each room, including people, flowers, trees and scenery. Thousands of paintings are different from those two. Planting flowers and trees on both sides of the promenade; This flower bloomed again before it withered.

Now we come to the foot of Wanshou Mountain. Looking up, an octagonal building is halfway up the mountain, with yellow glazed tiles shining.

Please climb Wanshou Mountain with me! Climb Wanshou Mountain, stand in the Buddha Pavilion and look down. Just ahead, Kunming Lake is as quiet as a mirror and as green as jasper. Cruise ships and boats glided across the lake, leaving almost no trace. Looking eastward, you can vaguely see several ancient pagodas and towers in the distance.

Ok, now let's go to Kunming Lake. After crossing the long stone bridge, everyone can go to the island to play. This stone bridge has 17 holes, which is called seventeen-hole bridge. There are hundreds of stone pillars on the bridge railing, all carved with little lions. Lions have different postures, and no two are the same.

It's time for free activities. Now you can observe them carefully and meet them at the gate in two hours.

Five model essays of tour guides introducing scenic spots in Beijing (4)

Everybody! Now, we have come to the scenic spot of Qiuqiu Temple. In fact, it is the real Temple of Heaven, because it is the altar where the emperor worships heaven from the winter solstice. The ball court was built in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, namely 1530, and located at the southern end of the whole courtyard. Let me first introduce the furnishings in the court of the ball field. Please look west. There is a tall wooden pole called _ observation pole. It is used to hang lanterns when offering sacrifices to heaven. You may want to ask: What lanterns are hung to worship heaven? Of course I have to hang up! Because the time to worship heaven is not during the day, but seven hours before sunrise, that is, at 4 am 15. Think about it. In the dark winter night, when ordinary people are sleeping under the covers, it is really difficult for them to sacrifice to heaven. It's not too much to hang a lantern to illuminate, is it? However, the emperor's lighting is extraordinary, and it must shine with auspicious light. Now please guess how high this lamppost is. Now I want to announce the correct answer: the height of the lamp post is nine feet nine inches, why not add more points to make it ten feet? There must be a reason. Yes, please guess first. I'll tell you later. Not only the lamppost is unusual, but also the lantern is unusual. It is two meters high and two meters six in diameter. Well done! But the most unusual thing is that the precious wax of Panlong Tongxiao in the lantern is one meter long and 30 centimeters in diameter. It can burn continuously for 12 hours without cutting wax flowers or flowing wax oil. That is a very precious wax used by the emperor to worship heaven.

Look at the green buildings in the East. Its name is wood burning furnace, which is the place where sacrificial boards and offerings are burned after the sacrificial ceremony. This is an iron chain stove. During the ceremony, pine branches and cypresses were burned in the kitchen, and some sandalwood was burned at the same time. In an instant, flames and cigarettes filled the air, which not only increased the mysterious and solemn atmosphere, but also brought some warmth to the emperor on a cold winter night. It's killing two birds with one stone!

Now, let's get down to business. I'd like to introduce you to the altar of Qiu Er. This is a circular stone platform three stories high. Why should the altar be designed as a circle? Because even though the ancients

Seeing is believing, but hearing is not. Here, we might as well keep our feet on the ground. Please count the steps to climb this set of steps (from bottom to top, because there are few people here and the area is large). One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, just nine (take the guests to the east side of the ground floor platform). There are also two groups of steps up, each with nine steps. The whole Chuqiu altar has an opening in the east, south, west and north. Each entrance to the altar has three sets of steps, upper, middle and lower. Each set of steps has nine steps. Now we have found 12 nines. Let's look again. The diameter of the altar at the bottom is 2 1 foot, but not 9 feet, the middle is 15 feet, and the top is 9 feet. If you add up the diameters of the three layers, it is 455945. There are not only nine, but also five, which symbolize the ninth five-year plan of the emperor. What a wonderful work! So, are there nine other places? Yes! Please go to the second floor and take us to the top floor.

(top of mound altar, no one on the east side)

Ladies and gentlemen, do you feel that nine is stronger now? Look at the center of the altar surface. There is a round stone called Tianxin stone, surrounded by fan-shaped slates. The first ring is nine, the second ring is two nines and one hundred and eight, the third ring is three hundred and ninety-seven and the last ring is nine hundred and eighty-one. Let's look at the middle layer, starting from ten nine blocks to eighteen nine blocks, and the bottom layer to nineteen nine blocks to twenty-seven nine blocks, which is the three-layer altar surface. Each floor is paved with nine rounds of slate, and each round of slate is a multiple of nine, from one to twenty-seven. In this way, the upper, middle and lower altar surfaces were paved with 3,402 stone slabs, or 3,789.

Remember? The observation pole we just saw is nine feet nine inches high, and there are nine steps on both sides of the charred wood stove. The emperor is not enough, but also a glass of wine to worship the emperor, which shows the emperor's respect for nine. Why? Let's talk behind the altar.

Five model essays of tour guides introducing scenic spots in Beijing (5)

Beijing is a famous national historical and cultural city with a history of 3000 years. Beijing was once the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties in history. During the more than 2,000 years since Yan State, many magnificent palace buildings have been built, making Beijing the city with the largest number of royal palaces, gardens, temples and tombs in China. Among them, the Forbidden City in Beijing, known as Miyagi Palace in the Ming Dynasty and Forbidden City in the Qing Dynasty, was once the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, inhabited by 24 emperors. Its magnificent architecture perfectly embodies the traditional classical style and oriental style of China. It is the largest existing palace in China and even the whole world, and it is a precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. The Temple of Heaven is famous at home and abroad for its reasonable layout and exquisite architecture. It was the Ming and Qing emperors who offered sacrifices to heaven.

Siheyuan is the floorboard of traditional houses in the north. The main house, inverted house, east wing and west wing form a plane layout around the Intermediate People's Court. The quadrangle in Beijing originated from the quadrangle in the Yuan Dynasty and is the most important residential building in old Beijing. The narrow hutong formed between quadrangles with blue tiles and gray bricks is the famous old Beijing hutong.

There are religious temples all over Beijing. The existing famous temples are Fayuan Temple, Tanzhe Temple, Jietai Temple, Yunju Temple and Badachu Temple. Taoist Baiyun temple, etc. Islam, worship of temples in niujie, etc. The Lama Temple (Lamaism) of Tibetan Buddhism, Forty Lines Catholic Church, Wangfujing Catholic Church, etc. _ _ Gangwa City Church, Chongwenmen Church, etc.

The central axis of Beijing refers to the central axis of Beijing in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The characteristic of American urban planning in Beijing is symmetry around Miyagi. The central axis of Beijing starts from Yongdingmen in the south and ends at the Bell and Drum Tower in the north, with a length of about 7.8 kilometers. From south to north are Yongdingmen, Qianmen Arrow Tower, Zhengyangmen, Zhonghua Gate, Tiananmen Gate, Duanmen, Wumen Gate, Forbidden City, Shenwumen, Jingshan, First Tiananmen Gate, Houmenqiao, Drum Tower and Bell Tower. From Yongdingmen, the southern end of this central axis, there are the Temple of Heaven and the Xiannongtan. Ancestral temples and social altars; East gate and west gate; Andingmen and Deshengmen are symmetrically distributed with the central axis. Liang Sicheng, a famous architect in China, once said: Beijing's unique grand order was born from the establishment of this central axis. Yongdingmen Gate, Zhonghua Gate and Tian 'anmen Gate were all demolished after the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) (China), and Yongdingmen Gate was rebuilt in recent years.