What harm did Japan's war of aggression against China do to the Chinese nation?

How many cultural relics did the Japanese invade China and plunder in China? "To destroy the country, destroy its history first."

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Japanese invasion of China is a great disaster to China culture, especially some precious cultural relics. Countless treasures, cultural relics and precious historical materials have been stolen, robbed or destroyed by Japanese invaders, which is a pain that everyone in China can never erase. Before and after the September 18th Incident, how many ancient tombs in China were looted by Japanese "archaeologists"?

How many cultural relics did the Japanese army destroy in the Forbidden City after the July 7th Incident?

What are the details of the looting of cultural relics revealed in the Japanese report "Jiangnan Tread"?

How many cultural relics did the National Government recover after the war?

This article will lead you into the war years and look at the little-known heinous crimes committed by Japanese invaders against China culture.

According to the incomplete statistics of UNESCO, in the long history, there are millions or even tens of millions of China cultural relics scattered in 47 countries in the world, the largest of which is Japanese and belongs to Asia. Crazy burglary: cultural relics robbery before and after the September 18th Incident.

Japan's plundering of China's national treasures can be traced back to the Japanese invasion in the Ming Dynasty, but it was during Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China that it really began to plunder China's cultural relics on a large scale. At that time, the Japanese army set its headquarters in Jing Xin Zhai, Beihai, Beijing, and plundered the cultural relics inside. All the 1000 golden buddhas in the Wanfo Building were looted. According to the data, only one Japanese co-captain, Colonel Kurigu, took 1 Wen Zhiming's painting, 1 Ming Dynasty bronze incense burner and 10 jade. In the decades before the "September 18th Incident", plundering other countries' famous cultural products through war gradually became Japan's conscious action. They linked the looting of China's cultural relics with the cultivation of Japanese cultural foundation, "winning national property" and "developing national prestige". From 1902 to 19 14, Japan sent three expeditions to Central Asia and West Asia, led by the 22nd abbot of Xihongji Pure Land Sect (who is also the brother-in-law of Emperor Taishō, Japan), and went deep into China to engage in activities called archaeology and actually stealing historical relics. Three expeditions 18 people, lasting 5 years, 1 1 month.

1.8 million kilometers, covering more than 40 towns and 294 Buddhist sites in China, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia. "Otani Expedition" stole and plundered a large number of underground cultural relics and treasures in China by means of digging, digging and cutting. Among them, 9 human specimens and 5 square brick epitaphs in colored ink books are outstanding, and there is also the "snake body with head (Fuxi Nuwa passed away)" in the tombs from 500 to 640 AD. His men also bribed Wang Yuan, a Taoist priest, and ransacked the ancient books in the Dunhuang Tibetan Sutra Cave. In Loulan, Zuicho Tachibana, the "Otani Expedition", found the ancient city of Loulan along the geographical coordinates provided by Sven Hedin, and found Libo literature that shocked the world from the ancient city.

Crazy excavation has caused the biggest destruction and looting of cultural relics in northwest China. After three "expeditions", there is no exact figure on how many cultural relics were stolen and looted in China. Only in the third "expedition", it was recorded that * * * stole 86 boxes of cultural relics, weighing 673 1kg, and some of them were stolen and transported to Kyoto Gift Museum in Japan. Otani claimed that the cultural relics he bought "can be traced back to the Six Dynasties in time, and the types are diverse and rich", including "Buddhist scriptures, classics, historical materials, western documents, paintings, sculptures, dyeing and weaving, embroidery, ancient money, printed copies, etc."

This plunder of China's cultural relics in the name of archaeology, field investigation and exploration continued until the outbreak of the all-out war of aggression against China. For example, in 1905, Torii Ryuzo of the University of Tokyo conducted an investigation and excavation in Liaodong Peninsula and northeast China, which lasted until 19 1 1. Hamada Geng, Imperial University of Kyoto, once stole the Han tombs in Diaojiatun and other places in Lushun. 193 1 year, Yingchengzi Han Tomb was excavated, murals of ancient tombs were copied, and many cultural relics were collected. On June 8th, 1933, the excavation team of Japanese East Asian Archaeological Society, headed by Shu Ren Harada and Hiroshi Ikeuchi, excavated the site of Longquan Palace in Gyeonggi, Bohai Sea and stole a number of precious cultural relics.

1933, shinya yamanaka, the boss of shinya yamanaka Chamber of Commerce, and Takada, the manager of Beijing branch, colluded with Ni Yushu, an antique dealer in Beijing, to dismember and plunder the stone carvings in Tianlongshan Grottoes in Taiyuan, Shanxi. 1935, precious cultural relics excavated by Japanese archaeological team at Yeluboji Mausoleum in Liaozu, such as the jade books of Yeluboji couple, were also stolen and transported to Tokyo. From 65438 to 0936, Mizuno Kiyoshi, the former Institute of Oriental Culture of Kyoto University.

1. Chang Guangmin Xiong and others began to investigate Xiangtang Mountain and Longmen Grottoes in China. As a result, they took away 5,600 grottoes and 8,000 stone carvings from China. These cultural relics are still preserved in the Oriental Literature Center of the Institute. Others, such as the excavation of Harada in Shu Ren by the Japanese East Asian Archaeological Society and the East Asian Cultural Association, Pingcheng Site in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Zhaowangcheng in Handan, Ancient City of Qi, Ancient City of Tengxue, Lingguang Temple Site in Qufu, Zhoukoudian and Yinxu Site, and Imperial University Hall in Tokyo, Datong. Only in Liaoning, Jilin and other places, there are as many as 17 illegal excavation cases.

Around 1929, a monthly photography magazine named "Asian Photos" became popular in Japan. Thousands of photos taken by 1924 to 1932 were published before and after this monthly magazine, mainly taking China as the shooting object, and the so-called "Manchu" places in the three northeastern provinces and Inner Mongolia accounted for the majority. These photos were taken by the intelligence officer Kenji Shimazaki under the direct guidance of the Information Section of Nanman Railway Co., Ltd. in Japan. This person's public identity is a professional photographer of "Asian Photo Grand View Society" in Dalian, Japan, and the chief "honorary sponsor" of the society is then Japanese Prime Minister Yoshiichi Tanaka. Other honorary patrons and appraisers include Natsuo Yamaguchi (leader of Japan's extreme right wing and crazy advocate of "Greater East Asia"), Ju Chi's Qingpu (two Japanese prime ministers and an anti-China veteran), Shigeki Saito (Japanese navy general), Ji Ze's Shirakawa (Minister of the Army), Bai Niao's Kuraji (Japanese oriental historian and archaeologist) and Yamazaki. Its sinister military and political purposes are already very obvious.

In these photos, important buildings in every province and city in China, people from all walks of life, and even passenger and freight stations, seaports and docks, transportation and highway facilities, central squares, business center streets, important factories and mines, signs of places of interest and historical sites, and Japanese "monuments" in big cities in China (such as statues and tombstones) are included. Most of these photos are of little ornamental value, but they are very useful for occupying a city and a pool and plundering China's cultural relics during the invasion.

Take the photo of 1928 as an example. Shimazaki had an appendix to Ji 'nan Photography Miscellaneous Notes in the then Photography Grand View magazine. After the May 3rd tragedy, Jinan fell. According to this information, the Japanese army forcibly transported two Northern Qi stone buddhas, two Northern Qi bodhisattvas and two stone tablets from Longquan Temple in Linzi County near Jinan to Zihedian Station, where they were loaded on a train and transported to Qingdao, and then from Qingdao to Japan.

193 1 after the "September 18th Incident" in, some Japanese archaeological groups, university research institutions and individuals came one after another within the territory occupied by the Japanese army. They were not satisfied with stealing cultural relics in Manchuria and North China under the pretext of archaeology, but under the protection of the army, they carried out planned and targeted public looting. Shortly after the Japanese invaded the Northeast, they sent gendarmes into the Forbidden City in Shenyang in the name of "protection" and took away the "Four Ku Quanshu" written by Wen Suige in the Qing Dynasty. Because the Japanese made a detailed investigation and study on the cultural relics in China, "they know China culture very well and know which cultural relics are worth taking and which are not".

Source: reading summary