Who wrote Winter Travel?

The Austrian composer Schubert Franz Peter (1797— 1828) was born in Vienna. At the age of eight, he learned violin from his father and piano from his brother ignaz. 1 year-old (1808) was accepted as a singer of Vienna Imperial Temple Choir and a student of Imperial School. Later, he became the leader of the temple band and often served as conductor. /kloc-at the age of 0/4, he wrote his first song "The Lament of Haga". In the history of European music development, Schubert is an artist who connects the past with the future. On the one hand, he inherited the classical music traditions of Mozart and Beethoven; On the one hand, he created a new world for later composers by innovating and developing the tradition, and was called the first romantic musician. Schubert's life is short, but his creative fields are extensive, involving symphony, chamber music, piano, opera and religious music, especially his artistic songs, which are unique in content and form, fully demonstrating the unique style of Schubert's music.

Schubert, the founder of romantic music school, died only one year later than Beethoven, but he and Beethoven belong to two eras. When he was resurrected, the French Revolution, which shook Europe and influenced Beethoven's world outlook and creation, had vanished, and the whole continent was restoring the feudal dynasty. The slogan of "freedom, equality and fraternity" that inspired the German and Austrian people in those days has been eclipsed by the bloodshed and violence in the revolution and Napoleon's invasion, and it can no longer attract Schubert's generation of young people. What he advocates is not "rationality" but "fantasy". Romanticism, as a new artistic trend of thought, is popular in Germany and Austria and appears in almost all artistic fields. It is not only the expression of romanticism in creation, but also the reflection of the world outlook and artistic view of this literary school. The major social and ethical themes and heroism in Beethoven's works quietly passed away in Schubert's creation.

He focused on the life circle of ordinary people and deliberately expressed his "self" feelings and fantasies. He composed a large number of contemporary famous poems, which were widely related to social life at that time. At the same time, Schubert sometimes uses shepherds, wandering grinders and girls forced by death to express his feelings in his songs, and sometimes personifies flowers, birds, fish and insects, all of which reflect his ever-changing thoughts in his personal inner world. He used many songs, or sincerely praised nature and spring, such as "On the Peak" and "Listen, Listen, Lark"; Or enthusiastically praise art and love, such as: dedicated to music, the messenger of love and serenade; Or earnestly pray to God and the kingdom of heaven, such as "The Suffering Man" and "Ode to the Virgin", and use these beautiful things to build his ideal kingdom, so as to obtain happiness and comfort that reality cannot give. Like other romantic artists, he eulogized "fantasy" and declared that "you are the treasure of mankind and the inexhaustible source"; He often rejoices that he is "decorating this reality with my imagination as much as possible".

Schubert's vocal divertimento "Winter Journey" and "Beautiful Mill Girl" are adapted from the poems of the same name by German romantic poet Miao Lei, which can be regarded as the representative works of Schubert's artistic songs. According to a friend's memory, the long poem "Winter Journey" strongly shocked the composer's mind, and he devoted himself to creating a vocal suite composed of 24 songs in series. It can be said that this is a set of narrative lyrics and a musical. Schubert deliberately depicts the inner world of the characters and vividly depicts the lonely, lonely, dissatisfied with reality, hopeless and depressed soul in Mill's poems. He left the familiar city, left the cheating lover who married the rich man, walked in the endless winter wilderness, looked at the wind flags in the north wind, looked at the frozen river, listened to the snow and the tinkling bell of the mail car, and was deeply moved by the evil dogs and ominous crows in the forest. He deeply felt the indifference and desolation in the world, where he could not get sympathy and pity. He will always be a stranger and a wanderer. He wants to avoid the glitz of the world and seek inner peace in the wandering journey. When all the efforts to get rid of the painful fate finally failed, he forced himself to curse the world and follow a lonely old beggar artist. It can be said that this is Schubert's inner revelation, which profoundly reflects the thoughts and feelings of this class and contemporary composers. Schubert tried to explore the rhythm and tone of Miao Lei's beautiful poems, which made the divertimento contain infinite poetry. He followed the romantic thought of "breaking the boundaries of various literary categories", achieving drama in music and poetry in singing; He also broke some strict norms of classical music school, and created melody, harmony, tonal layout and musical form according to the content and rhythm of poetry. In particular, he improved the expressive force of piano accompaniment, making it not only simulate images and sounds externally, but vividly depict the inner feelings of characters in the background of natural environment, so that lyrics, melody and accompaniment can be integrated into a perfect whole.

These breakthroughs and developments in the composer's tradition are not only reflected in his vocal divertimento such as Winter Journey, but also widely used in his other songs. The unusual and novel voice of Schubert's artistic songs was criticized by the conservatives in the society at that time.

"Good night" is the first song of the suite "Winter Journey". Starting with the piano's sadness, falling tone with a heavy sigh and steady marching rhythm, it immediately foreshadows the basic tone of the whole suite and depicts the gloomy mood of the travelers who just started.

In the second "Wind Flag", on the one hand, piano accompaniment creates a changeable scene where the wind flag flutters, on the other hand, it sets off the extremely excited and resentful mood of lovelorn travelers with the sound of Allegro.

Bodhi Tree (No.5) is the most popular song in the divertimento. Comfortable and gentle melody, the light and dark tone of e in the same tonic, set off the hero's beautiful past and bleak present.

Schubert's melody is inextricably linked with folk songs. A large number of German-Austrian folk songs (including Austria, Germany, Hungary, Czech Republic and other ethnic groups) have been adapted. His early works Wild Rose and Trout are as simple, clear and moving as folk songs. At that time, it was a prominent phenomenon that German and Austrian romantic artists collected and arranged their own fairy tales, legends and songs. On the one hand, this is caused by the national pride aroused in the Napoleonic Wars, on the other hand, they think that reality is too ugly, so it is better to indulge in innocent and beautiful fairy tales and legends that are far away from reality.

The melody of the bodhi tree has a kind and simple Austrian folk song style. After Schubert's death, this song was widely sung in Germany and Austria, and later generations even thought it was really a folk song.

By the time of the ninth "jack-o'-lantern", the traveler's excitement gradually subsided. He feels that "the world is happy, but the pain in this world is as elusive as a ghost fire". He wants to bury his pain like a river and eventually flow into the sea. This heavy thinking is accompanied by a slow, deep but still fluctuating tone.

The eleventh "Spring Dream" contains three artistic conceptions: dream-flowers and birds, joy and happiness; Wake up-all good things are disillusioned, only darkness and cold, crows are noisy; Continue to "dream"-imagine that the green leaves open in winter and love will come again. The composer described this different picture with three different musical images: the first paragraph is a lively and cheerful tune, and the piano imitates the singing of birds in the prelude and becomes a stable accompaniment in the dream; In the second paragraph, chords suddenly appeared, which changed one after another in four minor tunes of e-d-g-a, and declared disillusionment with a cold recitation tone; The beat of the third paragraph changed from 6/ 8 to 2/ 4, and the melody was soft but with inherent melancholy. The seemingly isolated three sections skillfully use the change and unity of tonality (A-a-A) to maintain the integrity of the three-section structure.

In the fourteenth "White Hair", travelers finally come to the conclusion of pessimistic fatalism; Living in torment, he is looking forward to the moment of "liberation". Tone wailing is an exaggerated tone.

The 20th "road sign" and 2 1 "hotel" indicate that the final destination of travelers is the grave. Schubert himself, from the beginning of his life journey, has been looking for a way out and conclusions. But as he lamented in a poem written by 1820, "people meet in the dark and look for their goals all the way, but in vain, they can't find the truth." Therefore, the sad and painful ending of the traveler in the song reflects the composer's disappointment and despair, which is also the reason why Miao Lei's poems caused Schubert to sing strongly. Helpless, the only attempt to relieve the pain cannot be realized. The "hotel" in the grave does not accept travelers, so he has to summon up courage again and continue his long and endless journey of life.

The 22nd courage is quite fast, but the tone changes with each phrase. (g-G- g-G), the song ends in G major and the piano ends in G minor. This kind of treatment has an ironic meaning to "courage".

The Old Artist is the end of this suite. Travelers see their destiny and "future" in the begging old artists who are indifferent to human suffering. The monotonous sound of the 8-tone piano box from beginning to end, its accompaniment melody is like the singing of an old artist, as well as the inner groans of poets and composers, thus ending the whole suite. The artistic features mentioned in the above selections also run through other songs in this suite. The distinctive features and melodic beauty of Schubert's artistic songs, such as the strict logic of songs and music, have obvious infiltration in his symphonies, piano works and other forms of works.

Winter Journey is Schubert's most important and influential vocal suite, which clearly shows the composer's unique artistic temperament and the relationship between Schubert's romanticism and social life. From his early songs "Devil", "Trout" and "death and the maiden" to his last songs "Land God" and "Fantasy", although subjectively trying to avoid reality, these works still reflect reality. Schubert's position in the history of music is not only because he created romantic music, but also because his original romantic music art expressed the social and life ideals of ordinary people at that time. Schubert and his artistic songs typically created a romantic school embodied in music. In addition, the piano accompaniment song, a traditional music genre, was promoted to a perfect artistic level by Schubert. Many of his famous artistic songs, such as Trout, Devil, Wanderer, Bodhi Tree, Dream of Spring, Land God and so on. , still popular today, because his music image is vivid, vivid and profound, which can stand the test of history. Schubert created a large number of songs to establish the image of poetry, using simple and beautiful melodies, rich harmony changes, clever tone contrast and poetic piano coordination, which are still outstanding works of art worthy of our study and research. His songs have reached an unprecedented new artistic realm and are the artistic crystallization of romantic music.