Basic knowledge of framing and composition

1. About photography: What is framing composition?

The word comPOSITION is a transliteration of English position, which is a term of plastic arts. Its meaning is: all the parts are composed, combined, configured and arranged to form an artistic picture. "Composition" in Ci Hai refers to the arrangement and treatment of the relationship and position between people and things in a certain space by artists in order to express the theme and aesthetic effect of their works, and to form individual or partial images into an artistic whole. In China traditional painting, it is called "composition" or "layout". This term contains a basic and general meaning, that is, to unify all the parts that make up the whole, organize the image expressed by the author in a limited space or plane, and form a specific structure of the picture, so as to realize the photographer's performance intention. In a word, composition refers to how to arrange people, scenes and objects in a picture to obtain the best layout, the method of combining images and the sum of all means of revealing images.

Composition also needs to pay attention to artistic skills and means of expression, which is called "craftsman" in China traditional art, and the artist's ingenuity is directly related to the artistic conception of a work. Composition is an important part of vertical form, but it must be based on conception. The composition of a work embodies the author's originality and arrangement skills, and the author's intention and specific methods to express the theme, so it is a concrete embodiment of the author's artistic level. To sum up, the so-called composition, that is, the artist uses visual elements to organize the picture in space, is to resort to the coordination of visual points, lines, shapes, light, light and shade and colors in terms of formal beauty.

Composition is an important factor to express the content of a work, so the organization of all photographic visual art languages in the work makes some internal structure of the content properly expressed. Only when the internal structure and external structure are harmonious and unified can a perfect composition be produced.

Shooting is to choose a suitable shooting range, so that the scenery can be arranged on a limited picture reasonably, and the photos taken have certain artistic effects. Viewing is actually composition.

2. How to compose a picture?

Keep the picture composition balanced. Every time we press the video button, we have to look around to see if the picture taken in the viewfinder is what we need-this is composition.

The composition law of photography is very similar to that of static photography. We should not only pay attention to the position of the protagonist, but also study the configuration of the whole picture, maintain the balance of the picture and the internal relationship of various object elements in the picture, adjust the relative position and size of the composition objects, and determine their respective layout positions in the picture. A perfect composition should at least do the following: 1, the picture is neat and smooth, and the messy background is avoided.

The messy background will distract the attention of watching, reduce visibility and weaken the status of the subject. Remove impurities from the picture before shooting, or shoot from another angle to avoid irrelevant background on the picture.

2, good color balance, the picture should have a strong sense of hierarchy, to ensure that the main body can stand out from all backgrounds. If you wear black clothes, don't arrange to shoot on a dark background.

The general rule of camera composition is to keep the camera in a horizontal position before shooting, so that the shot image will not be skewed. You can use buildings, telephone poles and other objects parallel or vertical to the ground as reference objects, and try to keep the picture balanced in the viewer. As close as possible to the target, so as to ensure that there will be no irrelevant background on the screen, but you must also reserve some space around the protagonist to prevent the protagonist from moving suddenly.

Make sure no one or other objects move between the camera and the main character being photographed. Don't let some irrelevant characters half in the picture and half out of the picture.

If you are shooting activities that you can't control, then you can't guarantee that all the compositions are perfect: but you can arrange your protagonist in the right position in the picture. Scan the whole scene at the same time, eliminating unwanted scenes.

Attention should also be paid to composition: no matter how small a moving object is, it is easier to attract the attention of the eyes than a static object, so be careful not to let unnecessary moving objects that will distract the audience appear in the background of the picture. In addition, pay attention to some eye-catching colors, especially red, bright yellow and dark blue, which will attract the attention of the eyes. We should avoid colors that have nothing to do with the protagonist but will attract attention in the picture.

(The composition is unbalanced. The shooting distance is too far, the background is too miscellaneous, too many and too messy, and the protagonist can't stand out well. )

Many experts advocate the principle of "one third" composition. Photography practice shows that it is more in line with people's visual aesthetic habits to make important scenes or characters just located in the picture1/3-rather than in the center.

A complete picture is divided into nine equal parts by two vertical lines and two horizontal lines. The four points where the vertical lines intersect with the horizontal lines are the most pleasing parts of the picture, and this position can be regarded as the center of the most important part of the subject. (The figure is located in one third of the picture, and the face is just at the intersection of the two lines in the upper left corner, which conforms to the principle of "one third" composition.

And the background is not chaotic, and the characters are well highlighted. When the protagonist looks or walks in a direction that is not perpendicular to the picture, the space left in front of their facing or advancing direction is more than the space behind them, which should be minimized.

(The composition is unbalanced. The space behind the characters is bigger than the direction of progress. )

A balanced composition. When shooting people, don't leave too much space on the head of the person being photographed.

Otherwise, it will lead to unbalanced composition and lack of beauty. If the characters in the picture are less than one-third of the height of the picture, the audience should concentrate on identifying them carefully, and it will be boring if it is longer.

Remember to keep your eyes at the height of 1/3 above the screen. If the face is lower than this height, the person seems to have fallen into the TV screen. (The picture is unbalanced and the space cost is too large. )

Balanced composition looks much more comfortable. Be careful not to make some low-level composition mistakes when composing characters: for example, the telephone pole protrudes above the head of the characters in the picture, the horizontal plane of the building is as high as the neck of the characters in the picture, and the wires are across the neck.

About cutting the body. The pictures taken are generally represented by distant view, middle view, close view and close-up.

If you shoot from a distance, your whole body will appear on the screen. If it is shot in the middle, close range or close range, it is necessary to cut off a part of the subject's body from bottom to top.

Then please be careful not to take people's knees, waist and neck as tangent points. The picture cut out at these three points makes people look awkward. Unless you are taking a close-up of your face or a part of your body, the best place to cut your body should be under your armpit, below your waist and above your knee.

One of the problems that should be paid attention to in camera composition is to avoid covering everything and downplaying the theme. One of the mistakes that novices often make in camera shooting is that they like to use the perspective and put too much background in the picture, which leads to the confusion between primary and secondary.

I can't put it down when I see flowers and plants in my eyes. I can't wait to film them all, for fear that something is missing, and the protagonist becomes an ornament of flowers and plants, which looks like a landscape film. You should use close-ups or even close-ups to highlight the protagonist and make the rich expressions of the characters clearly visible.

Second, avoid copying mechanically and dogmatism. We should be familiar with the rules, learn to use them flexibly, follow the trend and never blindly follow the general stereotype.

If we only know how to use "rules" rigidly, then our works will look dull and lose their aesthetic feeling. Photography is also artistic creation, and art is regular but even more irregular.

The so-called composition rules are only the basic package of camera creation and cannot represent everything. Just like painting, a good work is born from rules, but it is not rigidly adhered to rules.

The last rule of camera composition is to break all conventions, break all shackles and oppose all commandments, so that the works created will have vitality.

3. When taking pictures, how can we make the framing skills good enough?

It's easier said than done. In fact, I personally think that there are many reasons why the so-called picture is good enough. If the picture is made well enough, wouldn't it be worth the loss if the beautiful moment passed? Just pay attention to these points in the composition. First of all, you should be clear about the theme of your shooting. One is to highlight the theme with photography skills as much as possible, such as high and low positions and blurring the background. All these have only one purpose, that is, to highlight the theme. Good photos can make people see the central idea of your shooting at a glance. You can shoot bigger in the early stage, that is, the composition is looser, and you can get rid of some unnecessary things or blurs in the later stage.

Commonly used, diagonal, point composition, golden section composition, if there is a nine-square grid on the camera, you can use it to assist composition. If you still don't understand, you can ask me again