What are the functions of fisheye, wide angle and macro?

Wide-angle lens

Take a 35mm single-lens reflex camera as an example. A wide-angle lens usually refers to a lens with a focal length between about 17 and 35 mm.

The basic characteristic of a wide-angle lens is that it has a large angle of view and a wide field of view. The scope of the scenery observed from a certain viewpoint is much larger than what the human eye can see at the same viewpoint; the depth of field is long and can show a considerable range of clarity; it can emphasize the perspective effect of the picture, and is good at exaggerating the foreground and expressing the scenery. A sense of distance, which helps enhance the appeal of the picture.

Basic characteristics of wide-angle lenses:

1. The viewing angle range is large and can cover a wide range of scenery. The so-called wide viewing angle range means that at the same viewpoint (the distance from the subject remains unchanged), three different focal length photography lenses, wide-angle, standard and telephoto, are used to capture the view. The result is that the former captures more up, down, left and right than the latter. scenery. When a photographer has no way out, if a scene that is difficult to completely capture with a 50mm standard lens (such as a group photo of people, etc.), the wide-angle lens can easily solve the problem by taking advantage of its wide viewing angle. Furthermore, when shooting vast fields or tall buildings in cities, a standard lens may only be able to capture part of the scene, failing to show the width or height of the scene. Shooting with a wide-angle lens can effectively show the openness of a large scene or the majesty of a building towering into the clouds.

2. The focal length is short and the depth of field is long. When shooting vast scenes, photographers generally rely on the short focal length of a wide-angle lens to express the scene with a long depth of field, so that the entire scene from near to far can be clearly expressed. In addition, when shooting with a wide-angle lens, if you also use a smaller aperture, the depth of field of the scene will become longer. For example, if a photographer shoots with a 28mm wide-angle lens, focuses on a subject about 3 meters away, and adjusts the aperture to F8, then almost everything from 1 meter to infinity will enter the depth of field range. It is precisely because of this long depth of field that photographers often use wide-angle lenses as a highly maneuverable quick-shot lens. On some occasions, photographers can operate the wide-angle lens very quickly without focusing on the subject. Complete the capture.

3. Can emphasize the foreground and highlight the contrast between near and far. This is another important feature of wide-angle lenses. The so-called emphasizing the foreground and highlighting the contrast between far and near means that the wide-angle lens can emphasize the contrast between near and far more than other lenses. In other words, in photos taken with a wide-angle lens, close things are larger and far things are smaller, which makes people feel that the distance is widened and creates a strong perspective effect in the depth direction. Especially when shooting with an ultra-wide-angle lens with a very short focal length, the effect of near and far is particularly significant.

4. Can be exaggerated and deformed. Generally speaking, it is a taboo when using a wide-angle lens that the subject is exaggerated and deformed. In fact, it is not necessarily undesirable for the subject to be appropriately exaggerated and deformed. Experienced photographers often use wide-angle lenses to moderately deform the subject, taking pictures of some very inconspicuous and invisible scenes that appear unusual. Of course, when using wide-angle lenses to exaggerate and deform expressions, firstly, they must be based on the needs of the subject matter, and secondly, they must be less but more precise. Regardless of whether the subject matter requires it or not, it is not advisable to abuse the exaggerated and deformed expression techniques of wide-angle lenses and blindly pursue grotesque and bizarre effects in form.

Fisheye lens

Take the interchangeable lens suitable for 35mm single-lens reflex camera as an example. The fisheye lens is a short focal length with a focal length of about 6-16mm. Ultra-wide-angle photography lens, "fisheye lens" is its common name. In order to achieve the maximum photographic angle of the lens, the front lens of this photographic lens is diameter-shaped and protrudes parabolically toward the front of the lens, which is quite similar to the eye of a fish, hence the name "fisheye lens".

The fisheye lens is larger. Take the fisheye lens suitable for a 35mm single-lens reflex camera as an example. When this fisheye lens is installed on a smaller 35mm single-lens reflex camera body, there is a "head (lens) big body (body)" problem. "Small body" feeling, and because fisheye lenses are not light in weight (for example, the Nikkor 6mm/F2.8 manual focus fisheye lens weighs 5200 grams), after a fisheye lens is installed on a single-lens reflex camera, the camera and The overall weight of the lens increases and the center of gravity moves forward. Photographers must pay attention to keeping the camera steady when holding the camera for shooting. As mentioned before, the front element of a fisheye lens is large in diameter and thrown toward the front of the lens, so this lens cannot be equipped with a filter like a normal lens. Fisheye lenses usually use built-in filters. According to the shooting needs, the photographer controls the filter conversion ring on the lens to convert the required filter into the photography light path of the lens. The front lens of the fisheye lens is a very important lens in the entire lens. Because it is thrown toward the front of the lens, photographers must pay special attention not to collide with the lens when shooting (especially when shooting close to the subject). In addition, when some old-fashioned fisheye lenses are connected to a 35mm single-lens reflex camera, the rear of the lens is inserted deeply into the camera body, and the camera's mirror must be flipped up and locked. The camera's pentaprism viewfinder will not be usable and must be installed on the camera. Photography can only be done by setting additional framing.

Macro lens

A macro photography lens refers to a lens that can be used for macro or close-up photography without installing close-up accessories such as a close-up lens, a close-up lens, or a close-up track housing. Special photography lens for close-up photography.

Macro photography lenses are photography lenses that are specially designed to capture tiny subjects or reproduce small pictures. The resolution of this lens is quite high, the distortion aberration is minimal, and the contrast is high. Good color reproduction. Macro photography lenses have very good resolution when taking close-up shots, and can maintain image quality without much change throughout the entire focus range. General photographic lenses are mainly used to shoot scenery within the usual focal length. They cannot be used directly for close-up photography. To take close-up shots with a general photography lens, you need to install close-up accessories such as a close-up lens, a close-up adapter, or a close-up bellows on the lens. However, general photography lenses are equipped with a close-up lens, a close-up adapter, etc. or close-up accessories such as close-up lenses, it is in the "close-up" state, and cannot quickly return to the normal photography state from the "close-up" state. That is to say, it is difficult to install a close-up accessory with a general photography lens. Alternate between close-up photography and normal photography. The macro photography lens is different. Its close-up shooting does not rely on other close-up shooting accessories. All close-up shooting operations are performed on the lens itself. It can continuously focus from close-up shooting to infinity, so that it can focus from the close-up shooting state. Quickly adjust to the normal photography state, which provides convenience for photographers to alternate between close-up photography and normal photography.

Macro photography lenses generally have two structures. One type of macro photography lens uses a structure with a built-in telescopic lens barrel, and the other type uses a structure that exchanges the front and rear positions of the optical lens group in the lens. In the former, during ordinary photography, the photographer only needs to rotate the focus ring of the lens to achieve normal focus. If he wants to take a close-up shot, he only needs to continue to rotate the focus ring that has been rotated to the closest focus position, and the entire optical system of the lens can be used along with the built-in The lens barrel moves forward synchronously to increase the image distance and achieve the purpose of close-up photography; the latter changes the front and rear positions of the optical lens group in the lens to obtain higher image magnification, thereby achieving the purpose of close-up photography.

Common macro photography lenses include Nikkor Micro 55mm/F2.8 manual focus macro photography lens.