Wenzhou cultural knowledge

1. What are Wenzhou’s traditional cultures?

1. Three Dynasties.

The third day of marriage and the birth of a child are both called "Three Chaos". The latter is commonly known as "Three Days".

The midwives should bathe, change the baby's clothes and inspect the umbilical cord marks during the "three dynasties". Grandma's house wants to give gifts, including longevity peaches, red eggs, peanuts, longevity cakes and clothes for all seasons.

The host’s family is going to serve wine to the baptismal woman and female guests. 2. Mustard rice.

On the second day of the second lunar month, Wenzhou has a custom of eating mustard rice, which is said to prevent scabies. "Ruian County Chronicles" records: "When cooking mustard greens, it can improve eyesight, which means it can clear essence."

The condiments for mustard rice include shredded pork, shredded mushrooms and dried shrimps. 3. Eat smart food.

It is the custom to eat "qiaoshi" every Chinese Valentine's Day. "Qiaoshi" is made of rice flour mixed with brown sugar and dipped in sesame seeds. It has tongue-shaped, finger-shaped, etc.

Throw the "smart food" on the back of the tiles at night to reward the magpies for building bridges and hope to bring more good news to the world.

Extended information: 1. Wenzhou has a long history and rich cultural relics.

Ouyue culture, landscape culture, ethnic culture, etc. have a long history. Folk music, folk dance, opera, plastic arts, folk art, folk handicrafts, folk customs, etc. have profound heritage and unique value. The material cultural heritage resources are very rich. 2. Since the intangible cultural heritage protection work began in 2005, more than 550,000 clues to intangible cultural heritage and more than 27,000 valuable items have been identified through Wenzhou city census.

On this basis, 17 national-level and provincial-level intangible cultural heritage items including Yueqing boxwood carvings, fine-grained paper carvings, Wenzhou drum lyrics, Taishun medicinal puppets, and Yongjia Kunqu opera were successfully declared and published. 78 items, 227 items at the municipal level; 6 intangible cultural heritage project inheritors are at the national level and 64 at the provincial level.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia: Wenzhou.

2. What are the traditional cultures of Wenzhou?

Wenzhou culture is a mixture of marine culture and agricultural culture. Mr. Fei Xiaotong said that the historical tradition of Wenzhou area is "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea": it is stone carvings, bamboo weaving Craftsmen with various skills, such as cotton elasticists, barrel hoops, tailors, barbers, and chefs, as well as businessmen carrying burdens selling sugar and small groceries, traveled around to earn money to go home and support their families.

The combination of these wandering craftsmen and traders and the farm girls who work at home is a combination of art, business and agriculture. This is the soul of the Wenzhou model, which is different from the Jiangsu model.

However, why is Wenzhou's business prosperous? Judging from Wenzhou's special geographical location, Wenzhou is located on the southeast coast and the lower reaches of the Oujiang River. Since ancient times, Wenzhou has been both an area where traditional agricultural production has developed greatly and a coastal area where trade has developed. The regional commercial characteristics of Wenzhou are deeply connected with the sea. Wenzhou culture is largely a maritime culture.

According to the experience of world economic development, coastal areas have priority over inland development. An important reason is to rely on good port conditions and developed maritime transportation. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Wenzhou was already a city with prosperous industry and commerce, developed maritime transportation and trade. It was one of the 11 shipbuilding centers in the country. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Wenzhou's annual shipbuilding quota reached 600 ships, which was the same as Mingzhou (now Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province). Ranked first in the country.

This situation provides the convenience for Wenzhou people to travel across the ocean. Some Wenzhou merchants go abroad to do business with trading ships; some live there as guests to do business. According to relevant historical records, Wenzhou people immigrated overseas as early as 1,000 years ago during the Northern Song Dynasty.

In the 1920s and 1930s, Wenzhou people traveled across the ocean to Japan, Southeast Asia, and European countries to make a living doing business. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were 38,000 overseas Chinese. The development of maritime transportation has given Wenzhou people the opportunity to go out to make a living, and has also gradually created the character of Wenzhou people who are at home in all corners of the world and like to venture into the world. This is the deepest root of the Wenzhou people's spirit.

But basically, the ancient city of Wenzhou is a traditional and rural city. Since the Song Dynasty, due to the relatively stable social environment in the south of the Yangtze River, a large number of northern people who did not want to be ruled by ethnic minorities moved southward. "People from all over the world gathered in Zhejiang and Zhejiang, a hundred times more often."

Wenzhou's population has also increased dramatically. Increase. By the Chunxi period in the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty, the population of Wenzhou increased sharply to more than 900,000.

The area of ??cultivated land greatly exceeded that of the previous generation, and the yield per mu increased. "It takes three stones to harvest rice from the field, and two stones to harvest the second." Conventions and customs formed by traditional agricultural blood, geographical and other local relationships have a significant impact on Wenzhou's economy and people's lives.

This also set the stage for the formation of the Wenzhou model family system characteristics. The integration of sea culture and rural culture gave birth to a unique Wenzhou model under certain conditions.

Under the traditional planning system, the hidden impulse of Wenzhou people has never been extinguished. However, in Wenzhou's rural areas, especially the eastern plains along the river and coastal areas, in the gray area of ??the system, the long-established The awareness of small commodities, the impulse to do business, and the market factors contained in the countryside suddenly emerged. As Jin Xiangrong and Zhu Xiwei said, there is a gap that is difficult to bridge between Wenzhou's business culture and the ideology of the traditional planned economy. Once the rigidity of the ideology of the traditional planned economy is loosened, it will look for a breakthrough in its own development, forming a negative impact on the traditional planned economy. The "departure" of ideology is an important reason for Wenzhou to implement quasi-demand-induced institutional changes.

From the beginning, Wenzhou small commodities bypassed the strict product scope of the planned economy at that time, taking the market as the starting point and destination. The market and commodities interacted with each other, forming a virtuous circle. Therefore, the Wenzhou model was not produced in urban centers, but in the vast rural towns of Wenzhou.

3. What are Wenzhou’s traditional cultures?

The top ten New Year customs in Wenzhou

The New Year is a very important festival for the Chinese. The New Year customs in various places have their own characteristics, and Wenzhou also has its own unique New Year culture. Since the winter solstice, Wenzhou people have been preparing various New Year's goods, such as sun-dried soy sauce chicken, soy sauce meat, steamed sponge cake, etc.

Eating glutinous rice balls during the Winter Solstice

The Winter Solstice is called the "solstice" and is commonly known as the "Winter Festival". On this morning, every household will eat glutinous rice balls or mochi. The fillings of glutinous rice balls are sweet sugar or sesame, and there are also salty meat glutinous rice balls. As for Mochi, you must first cook the glutinous rice, pound it into chunks, and then roll it in sugared soybean flour to make it sticky with soybean flour, which is called Mochi. Mochi is a winter solstice snack, commonly known as "Leima". "獍". Eating mochi and glutinous rice balls symbolizes reunion and celebration. There is a folk saying that "if you eat winter solstice pills, you will grow one year older."

Drying soy sauce meat and eels

Wenzhou people are accustomed to drying soy sauce meat and eels around November of the lunar calendar. Soak raw lean pork, raw chicken and duck in soy sauce, then dry it and eat it, which has a unique flavor. In the past, during the month when these cured goods were put on display, the eaves and rafters of every house were densely covered with iron nails, and soy sauce meat, soy sauce duck, and soy sauce chicken were hung on them. Homemade soy sauce meat and soy sauce chicken are delicious and of high quality, so even if they are available in the market, people are still willing to make them themselves. Eels are a specialty of Wenzhou. Wenzhou people usually go to the market to buy some larger eels, cut them open and dry them, and they become what we call "eels". Eels are more delicious than fresh eels and are served as accompaniment to New Year's Eve dinners. Excellent product.

Pounded rice cake

Also known as "trash cake", glutinous rice is mixed with some indica rice, plus brown sugar or white sugar, steamed, pounded in a stone mortar, and then shaped into a rectangle. Ryan calls it "Slow Food". If placed in printing plates with different patterns, it can be pressed into sweet cakes with patterns such as peony, flat peach, Kuixing, God of Wealth, Number One Scholar, carp, unicorn, etc. Some can also be made into ingot-shaped cakes with a maximum weight of about 3 kilograms. Silver flowers can be placed on the long table in the central hall or in every room. This is also called "making rice cakes", which means getting promoted every year.

Worshiping the Stove

On the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month, every household has to "worship the Stove Buddha". It is said that this day is the day when the Kitchen God goes to heaven to report the merits and demerits of mortals to the Jade Emperor. It is said that the Kitchen God is greedy. As long as he eats sweets, his mouth will be sealed. Therefore, maltose is indispensable in sacrifices to the Stove, so that the Kitchen God will not be embarrassed in front of the Jade Emperor. Talk bad.

Dusting off the new

Every year around the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month, following the custom of "dusting off the new" in the twelfth lunar month, every household in Wenzhou sweeps away dust and dirt, paints the walls and decorates the rooms, and dryes the clothes. Every household takes this opportunity to wash away the dirt accumulated over the year in order to prepare for the new year.

Pasting Spring Festival Couplets

Another common custom during the Chinese New Year is pasting Spring Festival couplets. As early as the Song Dynasty, posting Spring Festival couplets has become a popular custom. In the Song Dynasty, the Spring Festival couplets were called peach charms. The ancients believed that peaches can drive away ghosts and ward off evil spirits, so they often set up some peach wood items as decorations in front of the door, called peach ornaments. Later, it gradually evolved into Peach symbols are spring couplets. In the past, Spring Festival couplets were written with black ink on red paper. In recent years, Spring couplets printed in gold on red paper have become popular on the market, and they are very popular among people. On New Year's Eve, Spring Festival couplets are pasted on both sides of the doors, pillars and windows of each house with red paper, commonly known as "door pairs". There are four characters on the lintel, commonly known as "Hengpi", and two characters on the single door "Daji". The main house, hall, study room, and pig, sheep, and cattle pens are all pasted with Spring Festival couplets with different contents, most of which pray for good luck, peace, and good harvests in all industries.

The New Year's Eve Wine

On New Year's Eve, families gather together to have a wine and dinner, or invite friends and relatives to eat together and drink happily, which is called "the New Year's Wine". Because New Year's Eve is the dividing line between the old and new years, eating Fensui wine means that the old and new years are separated on this night. Therefore, no matter whether you are rich or poor, you should try your best to make this meal as sumptuous as possible. Wenzhou people are very particular about eating "New Year's Eve wine", also known as "New Year's Eve dinner".

Eating Fensui wine is very auspicious. In the past, ten cinnabar tall red bowls were used at banquets to hold ten kinds of cold dishes, called "Shiquan". In addition to chicken and meat, there must be peanuts (fruits), citrus (daji), carp (tiaolongmen), tofu (housekeeping), etc., and each bowl must have a thinly sliced ??round carrot top. At the top, to show favor. After eating New Year's Eve wine, everyone seeks their own entertainment and often stays up all night, which is commonly known as "keeping up the New Year's Eve" or "looking forward to the New Year's Eve".

Open the door with firecrackers

In the early morning of the first day of the first lunar month, the first thing every household has to do is to rush to open the "door opener with firecrackers". The whole city is filled with the sound of firecrackers, which symbolizes seeing off the old, welcoming the new and bringing in the rich. , commonly known as "receiving the new year". There is also a tradition of "opening the door". Generally, a bunch of small firecrackers are set off first, called "Baizi Cannon"; then two large firecrackers are set off. The big firecrackers only set off three rounds, which means that the disaster of the epidemic can be lifted for a year. Welcome the new year. It is required that all three rounds sound loud and clear, which is the most auspicious.

New Year greetings

On the morning of the first day of the first lunar month, first in their own homes, the younger generation kowtows and salutes to their elders in order, which is called "New Year greetings".

Starting from the second day of the first lunar month, neighbors, relatives and friends go back and forth to pay homage to each other. According to the old custom, Wenzhou people do not visit relatives on the first day of the first lunar month. The time for New Year greetings is generally from the second to the tenth day of the lunar month, and some even extend to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. Before the 1950s, New Year gifts were relatively simple. Most of them were longan, lychee, red dates, jujubes, brown sugar, persimmons, etc. They were wrapped in special straw paper and sealed with red paper, so they were called "paper bags."

Wearing new clothes

On the first day of the first lunar month, people wear new clothes, which also means seeing off the old and welcoming the new. Because red symbolizes good luck among the people, children wear bright red clothes, young women are of course covered in red, and even old women wear bright red skirts. Nowadays, people have undergone great changes in the way they dress. The colors are no longer limited to red, they have become more colorful, and the styles have become more diverse.

4. What are the traditional cultures of Wenzhou

1. Three Dynasties. The third day of marriage and the birth of a child are both called "Three Chaos". The latter is commonly known as "Three Days". The midwives have to bathe, change the baby's clothes and check the umbilical cord marks during the "three dynasties". Grandma's house wants to give gifts, including longevity peaches, red eggs, peanuts, longevity cakes and clothes for all seasons. The host's family is going to serve wine to entertain the midwives and female guests.

2. Mustard rice. On the second day of the second lunar month, there is a custom in Wenzhou of eating mustard rice, which is said to prevent scabies. "Ruian County Chronicles" records: "When cooking mustard greens, it can improve eyesight, which means it can clear essence." Mustard rice condiments include shredded pork, shredded mushrooms and dried shrimps.

3. Eat smart food. It is customary to eat "qiao food" every Chinese Valentine's Day. "Qiaoshi" is made of rice flour mixed with brown sugar and dipped in sesame seeds. It has tongue-shaped, finger-shaped, etc. At night, the "smart food" is thrown on the back of the tiles to reward the magpies for building bridges and hope to bring more good news to the world.

Extended information:

1. Wenzhou has a long history and rich cultural heritage. Ouyue culture, landscape culture, ethnic culture, etc. have a long history. Folk music, folk dance, opera, plastic arts, folk art, folk handicrafts, folk customs, etc. have profound heritage and unique value. Intangible cultural heritage resources are very rich.

2. Since the intangible cultural heritage protection work began in 2005, more than 550,000 clues to intangible cultural heritage and more than 27,000 valuable items have been identified through Wenzhou city census. On this basis, 17 intangible cultural heritage items including Yueqing boxwood carvings, fine-grained paper carvings, Wenzhou drum lyrics, Taishun medicinal puppets, and Yongjia Kunqu opera were successfully declared and published at the national level, 78 at the provincial level, and 227 at the municipal level. ; There are 6 national-level and 64 provincial-level inheritors of intangible cultural heritage projects.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia: Wenzhou

5. What are the traditional cultures of Wenzhou

Wenzhou culture is a mixture of marine culture and agricultural culture

< p> Mr. Fei Xiaotong said that the historical tradition in Wenzhou is the "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea": craftsmen of stone carving, bamboo weaving, elastic cotton, barrel hoops, tailors, barbers, chefs and other craftsmen and businessmen carrying burdens selling sugar and small groceries traveled around Everywhere, earn money to go home and support your family and establish a career. The combination of these wandering craftsmen and traders and the farm girls who work at home is a combination of art, business and agriculture. This is the soul of the Wenzhou model, which is different from the Jiangsu model. However, why is Wenzhou's business prosperous? Judging from Wenzhou's special geographical location, Wenzhou is located on the southeast coast and the lower reaches of the Oujiang River. Since ancient times, Wenzhou has been both an area where traditional agricultural production has developed greatly and a coastal area where trade has developed. The regional commercial characteristics of Wenzhou are deeply connected with the sea. Wenzhou culture is largely a maritime culture.

According to the experience of world economic development, coastal areas have priority over inland development. An important reason is to rely on good port conditions and developed maritime transportation. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Wenzhou was already a city with prosperous industry and commerce, maritime transportation and trade. It was one of the 11 shipbuilding centers in the country. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Wenzhou's annual shipbuilding quota reached 600 ships, which was the same as Mingzhou (now Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province). Ranked first in the country. This situation made it convenient for Wenzhou people to travel across the ocean. Some Wenzhou merchants went abroad to do business on trading ships; some even stayed there to do business. According to relevant historical records, Wenzhou people immigrated overseas as early as 1,000 years ago during the Northern Song Dynasty. In the 1920s and 1930s, Wenzhou people traveled across the ocean to Japan, Southeast Asia, and European countries to do business and make a living. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were 38,000 overseas Chinese. The development of maritime transportation has given Wenzhou people the opportunity to go out to make a living. It has also gradually created the character of Wenzhou people who are at home in all corners of the world and like to venture into the world. This is the deepest root of the Wenzhou people's spirit.

But basically, the ancient city of Wenzhou is a traditional and rural city. Since the Song Dynasty, due to the relatively stable social environment in the south of the Yangtze River, people from the north who did not want to be ruled by ethnic minorities moved south in large numbers. "People from all over the world gathered in Zhejiang and Zhejiang, a hundred times more often." Wenzhou's population also increased dramatically. By the Chunxi period in the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty, the population of Wenzhou increased sharply to more than 900,000. The cultivated land area greatly exceeded that of the previous generation, and the yield per mu increased. "It takes three shi to harvest rice from the field, and two shi from the second crop." Conventions and customs formed by traditional agricultural blood, geographical and other local relationships have a significant impact on Wenzhou's economy and people's lives. This also set the stage for the formation of Wenzhou's model family system characteristics.

The integration of sea culture and rural culture gave birth to a unique Wenzhou model under certain conditions.

Under the traditional planned system, Wenzhou people's hidden impulse to enterprising has never been extinguished. However, in Wenzhou's rural areas, especially in the eastern plains along the river and coastal areas, in the gray area of ??the system, there has been a long-standing sense of small commodities, business impulse, and The market factors contained in rural areas suddenly emerged. As Jin Xiangrong and Zhu Xiwei said, there is a gap that is difficult to bridge between Wenzhou's business culture and the ideology of the traditional planned economy. Once the rigidity of the ideology of the traditional planned economy is loosened, it will look for a breakthrough in its own development, forming a negative impact on the traditional planned economy. The "departure" of ideology is an important reason for Wenzhou to implement quasi-demand-induced institutional changes. From the beginning, Wenzhou's small commodities bypassed the strict product scope of the planned economy at that time, taking the market as the starting point and destination. The market and commodities interacted with each other, forming a virtuous circle. Therefore, the Wenzhou model was not produced in urban centers, but in the vast rural towns of Wenzhou.

6. The culture of Wenzhou

Wenzhou was Ou in ancient times. After the Qin Dynasty unified the country, it belonged to Minzhong County. In the third year of Emperor Hui of the Western Han Dynasty (192 BC), he became the capital of Donghai King (commonly known as Dongou King Zou Yao). In the third year of Yonghe reign of Emperor Shun of the Han Dynasty (138 AD), Dongou Township of Zhang'an County was established as Yongning County. The county seat was located on the north bank of the lower reaches of Oujiang River in what is now Oubei Town, Yongjia County. This was the beginning of the establishment of a county for Wenjing. In the first year of Taining (323), Emperor Ming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the four counties of Yongning, Angu, Hengyang and Songyang in the southern part of Linhai County were analyzed. It was the beginning of the establishment of Wenzhou as a county. In the fifth year of Emperor Wude of the Tang Dynasty (622), Dongjia Prefecture was established. In the second year of Emperor Shangyuan (675), Wenzhou was established. Since then, for more than 1,300 years, the name of the state has not changed, and the state has also changed. No major changes.

The Revolution of 1911 broke out. On November 8, 1911, Wenzhou established a "Military Government Branch" under the Zhejiang Army.

In June 1914, Ouhai Road was established, which governs Wenzhou and Chuzhou. The Daoyin Office is located in Yongjia County, which belongs to Zhejiang Province. In 1932, the Administrative Inspectorate

District was established. Wenzhou District was originally called the Tenth County Political Supervision District of Zhejiang Province, and the Supervisory Commissioner's Office was located in Yongjia County. Later, it was renamed several times, including the Fourth Special Zone, the Third Special Zone, Yongjia Administrative Supervision District, and the Eighth Administrative Supervision District. In April 1948, it was renamed the Fifth Administrative Supervision District.

On May 7, 1949, Wenzhou was peacefully liberated, and the Wenzhou Municipal Military Control Commission was established; on August 26, the Fifth Prefecture was established, and Wenzhou City was established.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was renamed the Wenzhou District Commissioner's Office. Later, the name and counties changed. In September 1981, Wenzhou Region and Wenzhou City merged

and established Wenzhou City, implementing a city-governed county system. It currently governs the three districts of Lucheng, Longwan and Ouhai, the two cities (county level) of Ruian and Yueqing, and the six counties of Yongjia, Dongtou, Pingyang, Cangnan, Wencheng and Taishun.

Ou Opera (Wenzhou Luantan) Yongchangbao

Ou Opera is a local opera that mainly sings positive and negative tunes, including Kunqu, Gaoqiang, Huizhou and other tunes. Because it was popular in Wenzhou area, it was named "Wenzhou Luantan". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was renamed "Ou Opera". Yongchang Fort was built on the initiative of Wang Shuguo, Shugao and others in the 37th year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty (1558). It played a defensive role in the fight against Japanese aggression. The city is located in Xincheng Village, Yongchang Town, Ouhai District today. It is 738 meters long from north to south, 445 meters wide from east to west, 8 meters high, and more than 4 meters wide at the base. The inner and outer walls are built with stones and mixed earth in the middle. The city is surrounded by a moat, and two canals are dug inside the city to divert water from the river into the city and run through Fubei. There are two water gates at each north end, and sluices are set up for defense. Five small stone bridges are erected on the river channels. There are many residential buildings and well-organized shops in the fort. Except for the incomplete west and east southern city walls, the early destruction of the east tower and the damage to the battlements, the rest is still intact. Since 1982, the battlements and towers on both sides of the north and south city gates have been restored.

A generation of wizards - Liu Ji

Liu Ji (1311-1375), courtesy name Bowen, was born in Nantian, Wencheng County, Wenzhou (formerly Qingtian County), to assist Zhu Yuanzhang in completing his imperial career , founded the Ming Dynasty and became famous all over the world. He is a famous politician, thinker and writer in Chinese history. He has profound attainments in politics, military, astronomy, geography, literature, etc. His works include "Yu Li", "Fu Pou Collection", "Sentiment Collection", "Li Mei Gong Collection", and "Spring and Autumn Ming Jing" Waiting for books. Details-->

Wen Tianxiang Temple

Wen Tianxiang Temple, formerly known as the Song Dynasty Prime Minister Wen Xin Guogong Temple, is located at the east end of Jiangxin Island in Lucheng District, Wenzhou City. It is dedicated to Wen Tianxiang, the national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty. monumental building.

Wen Tianxiang (1236-1282), also known as Song Rui and Lushan, was a native of Wenshan Village, Luling County, Jizhou, Jiangxi (now Ji'an County), so he was called Mr. Wenshan. More content -->

Famous commercial city - Wenzhou

Wenzhou has always been known for its commercial prosperity. As far back as the Song Dynasty, Wenzhou's trade activities were already very active. In the second year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1132), Wenzhou established the Municipal Shipping Department to manage and develop overseas trade. "On the top of a prosperous sea" (a poem by Yang Pan in the Southern Song Dynasty). "Hangzhou is still prosperous and small" (civilized by Guo Zhongyue of the Qing Dynasty). It shows that Wenzhou was once a famous coastal city. The larger businesses in the Qing Dynasty included Nanhuo, Cantonese goods, Chinese medicine, soy sauce garden, pawnshop, bank, bank, etc. Store brands are mostly named after auspicious characters such as Heng, Yu, Yuan, Tai, Feng, Chang, and Ning.

The tradition of Wenzhou people being good at doing business has been carried forward to this day.

7. Entering the history and culture of Wenzhou

Wenzhou is located in eastern Zhejiang and is an important industrial, commercial and port city opening to the outside world on the southeastern coast of my country. It borders the East China Sea to the east, Fuding, Zhelong and Shouning counties in Ningde region of Fujian Province to the south, Jinyun, Qingtian and Jingning counties in Lishui region to the west and northwest, and Xianzhou County in Taizhou region to the north and northeast. It borders the four counties and cities of Ju, Huangyan, Wenling and Yuhuan. Wenzhou City currently governs three districts (Lucheng, Longwan, and Ouhai), two cities (Ruian, Yueqing), and six counties (Yongjia, Dongtou, Pingyang, Cangnan, Wencheng, and Taishun).

The terrain in Wenzhou slopes in a trapezoidal shape from southwest to northeast, with the Donggong, Kuocang, and Yandang mountain ranges stretching across it. Taishun's Baiyunjian, with an altitude of 1,611 meters, is the city's highest peak. Between the mountains, streams rush, most of them flowing from west to east into the East China Sea. The main rivers are Oujiang River, Feiyun River and Aojiang River. The Oujiang River is the second largest river in Zhejiang, and the Nanxi River flows into the sea.

Wenzhou belongs to the subtropical marine monsoon humid climate zone, with significant alternation of winter and summer monsoons, moderate temperatures, distinct four seasons, abundant rainfall, no severe cold in winter, and less heat in summer. The annual average temperature is 16.1~18.2 degrees Celsius. There are plum rains at the turn of spring and summer, and typhoons between July and September. Therefore, the best time to travel to Wenzhou is throughout the year. Even in the rainy season, swimming in Yandang in the rain has a unique flavor.

Wenzhou is not only famous as a "business" city, but it is also rich in tourism resources. It now has two national-level scenic spots, Yandang Mountain (Wenzhou Yandang Mountain, South Yandang Mountain, and Middle Yandang Mountain) and Nanxi River, two national-level nature reserves, Nanji Islands and Wuyanling, Xianyan, Yaoxi, and Cave. There are seven provincial-level scenic spots and eight municipal-level scenic spots including Tou, Binhai Yucang Mountain (Yucangshan Park), Baizhangji, Zhailiao River, and Zeya, as well as numerous forest parks and cultural relics.

The cloud shadows of Yanshan Mountain, the tide traces of Ouhai Sea, the scenic spots of Nanxi River, the scenery of hundreds of islands, the jade green stone scenery, the hundreds of feet of waterfalls, the style of the village, and the radon springs bearing the sky give birth to the splendid Ouyue Culture makes Wenzhou deeper, more mysterious and more connotative.

Wenzhou is located in the middle of my country's golden coastline, with very developed water and land transportation. Wenzhou Airport has opened 42 domestic routes and opened regional routes with Hong Kong and Macau. Passenger trains from Wenzhou Railway Station can directly reach major domestic cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, and Hangzhou. Wenzhou Port is a comprehensive natural port integrating a river mouth port and a bay port. It is the throat for goods entering and exiting southern Zhejiang and northern Fujian.

Wenzhou is one of the famous hometowns of overseas Chinese in my country. Most of them are engaged in restaurant industry, leather industry, clothing industry, etc. in the United States, France, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Germany, etc. The ethnic minority with the largest population living in Wenzhou is the She ethnic group, followed by the ***. In addition, there are Zhuang, Miao, Tujia, Dong, Manchu, Buyi and other ethnic groups.

Overview of Wenzhou

Abbreviation: Ou

Area code: 0577

Postal code: 325000

Location: located in Zhejiang The southeastern coastal area is the political, cultural, economic, transportation and tourism center of southern Zhejiang. It is connected to Fujian Province in the south, Lishui City in the west, and Taizhou City in the north.

Zoning: It currently governs three districts: Lucheng, Longwan, and Ouhai, and eight counties (cities): Ruian, Yueqing, Yongjia, Wencheng, Taishun, Pingyang, Cangnan, and Dongtou.

8. Wenzhou Culture

Wenzhou Folk Crafts Exhibition jointly organized by Wenzhou Museum, Wenzhou Arts and Crafts Industry Association, Wenzhou Folk Literature and Artists Association, Wenzhou Maisi Cultural Development Company and other units The exhibition, which lasted for a month, finally came to a successful conclusion, and the "Mais" Cup audience's favorite top ten folk art works in Wenzhou were selected.

Wenzhou folk crafts have a long history. Ou embroidery, Ou sculpture, colored stone inlay, stone carving, fine-grained paper carving, boxwood carving, brick carving, colored sculpture, etc. are all arts with the most distinctive regional characteristics of Ouyue.

For thousands of years, Wenzhou people have used their own intelligence and wisdom to fully express it in different artistic fields and in different ways. The rivers and seas have embraced it, and it is only when it is tolerant that it can become the grand sight it is today. This time, with the help of the 7th China Art Festival, it provides an excellent platform for Wenzhou folk crafts to showcase their talents.

The exhibition has received widespread attention and support from the society from the very beginning. It has received more than 300 exhibits from various arts and crafts in all counties (cities) in the city. The number of exhibitors and works has been rarely seen in previous years. It attracted the attention of many media in Wenzhou and inside and outside the province.

At the same time, some foreign friends also showed strong interest, and visitors of different skin colors could be seen in the exhibition hall from time to time. According to statistics, the number of visitors on October 1 alone reached 6,000.

During the entire exhibition period, a total of 30,000 visitors were received. The "Mais" Cup audience's favorite top ten handicraft activities are also going very smoothly.

Among the large number of votes received, the participating audiences basically cover all walks of life, with the majority of students being engaged in industries such as workers, farmers, teachers, soldiers, civil servants, etc. The furthest votes received came from Heilongjiang, and the oldest person was 76 years old. The enthusiasm and attention of the people participating in the selection exceeded the organizers' expectations.

Among the top ten selected works, almost all the arts with the most distinctive characteristics of Wenzhou folk crafts are listed on the list, which reflects that Wenzhou's traditional folk crafts have a profound mass foundation. Ou embroidery Ou embroidery began in the Tang and Song Dynasties and is one of the six famous embroideries in my country.

In ancient times, Wenzhou girls had a fine tradition of embroidery. In the third year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1853), Wenzhou began to set up professional embroidery shops. Later, Wenzhou painters represented by Zhuang Jingqiu participated in the creation. Folk costumes gradually developed into decorations and ornamental items, and were exported to Europe, America and Southeast Asia.

Ou embroidery is famous for its exquisite composition, rigorous embroidery techniques, delicate needlework and bright colors. Many excellent works have been selected as national gifts and participated in many international art fairs.

In 2001, Ou embroidery was listed as a key protected art species by Zhejiang Province. Ou sculpture Ou sculpture, also known as "oil clay sculpture".

It integrates painting, relief sculpture and clay sculpture, and uses colorful plastic clay to create figures, landscapes, landscapes, flowers, animals and birds, etc., which are colorful and dazzling. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Ou Plastics developed from monochrome to colorful, and created new products such as hanging screens, screens, table screens, wall sculptures, and desk furnishings.

His representative works "Shaoshan", "West Lake Scenery", "Flying Sky" and "Foreign Manor" are well-known at home and abroad. Stone carving Stone carving is made of pyrophyllite and is one of the "Three Sculptures of Zhejiang".

As early as the Tang Dynasty, there were people engaged in this art in Wenzhou. Using techniques according to materials and colors, they can carve figures, landscapes, flowers, fruits, animals, fish and shrimps, temples and pavilions, etc.

In recent years, craftsmen have also used rare stones such as soapstone and color stone to carve large-scale works, which are of great artistic value. Boxwood carving Boxwood carving is one of the famous "three carvings" in Zhejiang.

In the late Qing Dynasty, Yongjia artist Zhu Zichang changed the wooden figures from dragon lantern decorations into independent desk crafts. The expression technique was concise and subtle, making him unique. In 1925, 14 people including Ge Yuting, Ye Furu, and Zhu Zichang opened Yongle Sculpture Bureau, engaged in the production and operation of boxwood carvings and other handicrafts.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, a large number of master-level artistic talents emerged, such as Wang Fengzuo, Ye Runzhou, Chen Zhiyun, Wang Duchun, Gao Gongbo, Yu Jinshun, Wang Dufang, Yu Dingliang and so on. His works have frequently won awards at major international and domestic exhibitions.

Bamboo shell carving, also known as bamboo shell carving, is a novel handicraft made from moso bamboo shoot shells through painting, carving, cutting, glazing and other processes. The bamboo shoot shell carving combines bamboo carving (shallow carving), bodiless carving, and bamboo weaving. It reflects the natural color, pattern and light texture of the bamboo shoot shell and is unique.

9. Wenzhou’s customs and culture

The Street Festival in Wenzhou City starts every year from Kanglefang on the first day of the second lunar month and ends at Wuma Street on March 15th. The main streets are held in sequence. The blessing activity, called "Blessing on the Street", is a local traditional festival.

On the day when the street blessing is held, a red building is set up in the thoroughfare, with flower gates, curtains, hanging lights and colorful decorations, creating a warm atmosphere. Operas, ballads, puppets, as well as various entertainment activities such as dragon rolling, stilt walking, and lantern riddles are performed on the streets.

At night, the lights are brilliant and the orchestra is playing together. The city gate is wide open, allowing people to come in and out, and activities last until midnight. The next day, the street held another street blessing.

Mustard Rice On the second day of the second lunar month, it is a custom in Wenzhou to eat mustard rice, which is said to prevent scabies. "Ruian County Chronicles" records: "When cooking mustard greens, it can improve eyesight, which means it can clear essence."

The condiments for mustard rice include shredded pork, shredded mushrooms and dried shrimps. It is customary to eat "qiao food" every Chinese Valentine's Day.

"Qiaoshi" is made of rice flour mixed with brown sugar and dipped in sesame seeds. It has tongue-shaped, finger-shaped, etc. At night, the "smart food" is thrown on the back of the tiles to reward the magpies for building bridges and hope to bring more good news to the world.

The third day of marriage and the birth of a child are both called "Three Dynasties". The latter is commonly known as "Three Days".

The midwives should bathe, change the baby's clothes and inspect the umbilical cord marks during the "three dynasties". Grandma’s house wants to give gifts, including longevity peaches, red eggs, peanuts, longevity cakes and clothes for all seasons.

The host’s family is going to serve wine to the baptismal woman and female guests. Avoid the fifth month in the lunar calendar. There are many cloudy and rainy days, and clothes and things are easy to get moldy. Rice fields are also prone to insect damage. May is considered unlucky and is called the "evil month". People should not marry, build houses, or build stoves. , do not move, do not build ships and other avoidance methods.

On the "March 3" of the She ethnic group, every household eats traditional black rice, and the fragrance is wafting in front of and behind the village. The glutinous rice is made from the leaves of the black rice leaf. The glutinous rice is soaked in the soup for half a day. The rice is scooped out and steamed in a container.

10. Wenzhou’s traditional culture and modern culture

Your definition is not accurate. You cannot use 90 as the dividing line. I am 80, but there are many traditional events of my parents’ generation that I I don’t pay much attention to it. How should I put it? It should be a big change between before the reform and opening up and after the reform and opening up. If you use this as the dividing line, it will be much more accurate.

I remember there used to be a book called Aotengqiao XX, which recorded a lot of traditional things in Wenzhou. It was very good, but now I don’t seem to have seen a book that specifically compares the cultural changes in Wenzhou. Wenzhou’s literary world is a bit Out of date. . . . . . . . . .

However, it seems that there are still these books. I have read a book called "Actually You Don't Understand Wenzhou People", which is a detailed description of Wenzhou people, but there is no clear cultural comparison.

If you must find a comparison between the pre-90s and post-90s, it is difficult. Go to a bookstore and see if there are any. There may also be relevant literature on the Internet.