Excessive reception of tourists in hot tourist areas damages tourism resources. Like those places

1. 1 the present situation of the development and utilization of tourism resources in China.

Destroy 1. 1. 1 water body.

Water pollution is a serious pollution of natural resources caused by tourism. It is mainly the wastewater containing chemical substances generated and discharged by dry tourism operators in a large number of engineering construction and daily operation, the water pollution caused by tourists participating in boating, boating, rafting and other tourism projects, and the water loss caused by uncivilized behaviors such as some tourists throwing garbage into the water, randomly discharging and clearing forests. These pollutions make the original clear river (lake, sea) water float with a thick layer of algae and oil, which makes aquatic organisms unable to survive and seriously destroys the balance of aquatic ecosystem. For example, a few years ago, when the power plant pumped water 40 meters underground, the full-load power generation accounted for 60% of the lake flow, forming a relatively static water layer on the lake, which greatly weakened the purification ability of the lake itself and caused a large number of plankton and various pollutants to deposit. However, there are only 64 sets of sewage treatment equipment in Jingbo Lake Scenic Area, but there are many hotels and sanatoriums along the lake 10Q. Some units have relatively poor awareness of environmental protection and directly discharge sewage into the lake, resulting in waste oil produced by large ships and speedboats. Engine oil also polluted the water quality of the lake to some extent.

1. 1.2 Land destruction

A very important reason for land pollution is that a large number of vegetation has been destroyed. Tourism enterprises cut down virgin forests when developing resources, and the building materials needed for project construction often use local materials. In addition, some tourists climb and fold trees at will, resulting in vegetation destruction and a lot of soil erosion. In addition, some enterprises do not treat the waste in a centralized way according to the regulations, but randomly discharge the waste to areas outside the enterprises, resulting in less and less nutrients in the soil and more and more saline-alkali soil and acidic soil. In addition, a large number of dry people will swim into various plastic food bags and supplies bags, or disposable tableware and beverage bottles when eating. After using it, throw it around. These white wastes, which are extremely difficult to decompose, are blown everywhere by the wind, and the soil coverage rate is extremely high, so that the originally barren land is destroyed by human beings again.

1. 1.3 air and noise pollution

Tourism is inseparable from transportation, which is the carrier for tourists to move from their residence to scenic spots. As a result, all kinds of vehicles come one after another, whizzing by, and the air is full of automobile exhaust, which not only pollutes the air, but also does great harm to human body. In addition, acid rain in southwest and south-central areas is extremely harmful, resulting in forest death and environmental quality decline in some areas. The main reason for the high mortality of Abies fargesii in Jinding Mountain of Emei Mountain is acid rain pollution. From June 65438 to June 0996, a rainstorm in Wuzhou City changed all the pine forests in Fudian Forest Farm from green to red. The harm of acid rain has rusted and rotted the foreskins of some coaches in Guangzhou, Chongqing and Guilin. Air pollution has also seriously damaged cultural relics and historic sites. For example, coal mines are scattered around Yungang Grottoes in Datong. In windy season, strong wind with a lot of coal dust and gravel blows to the grotto statues, causing the wear and corrosion of cultural relics; Black smoke emitted by more than 6,543,800 chimneys in Beijing is decomposed into sulfuric acid by moisture in the atmosphere, and nitric acid and carbonic acid fall with the rain, totaling more than 300,000 tons every year. Acid rain dissolved the ancient buildings of white marble, such as the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, the carved columns of the Ming Tombs, stone steps, lion sitting and so on. One year's corrosion is equivalent to the past 50 years. In addition, noise pollution can not be ignored, such as the voice of tour guides holding megaphones to summon tourists, the loud noise of uncivilized tourists, and the hawking of bed vendors in tourist attractions. Nowadays, in the tourism chain of "eating, living, traveling, traveling, shopping and entertainment", entertainment activities have been arranged as fixed programs. Therefore, the rolling sound of bowling in the entertainment center, the longitudinal roar of screaming in nightclubs and the passionate banging of heavy metal instruments in discos have become the main sources of noise pollution.

1. 1.4 tourism resources have been seriously damaged.

The destruction of tourism resources by human beings mainly includes two aspects: one is the destruction of "internal factors", that is, the destruction of tourism resources by tourism activities themselves (such as tourists and tourism construction). ), and the main performance is: (1) tourist overload activities in scenic spots cause damage or destruction to tourism resources. Too many tourists aggravate soil hardening and accelerate the death rate of ancient and famous trees; Buildings are damaged by carrying too many tourists, such as the stone bridge in front of the Humble Administrator's Garden, the abutment sinking and collapsing due to too many tourists, and the curved bridge of Yuanyang Pavilion cracks due to overload; The pollution of excessive domestic garbage to landscape water bodies and other tourism resources. (2) The deliberate destruction of tourism resources by a few tourists. A few tourists lack basic social morality and cultural accomplishment, and uncivilized behavior makes tourism resources lose their original value. (3) "destructive construction" of tourism resources. In order to protect tourism resources, it is often necessary to repair them. Repairers often express their aesthetics intentionally or unintentionally and often have to use modern building materials. Therefore, it has more or less affected the historical features of some tourism resources. That kind of arbitrary transformation and nondescript repair destroys the history, tourism culture and ornamental value of tourism resources, which is called "destructive construction", followed by "exogenous" destruction, that is, tourism resources are polluted and destroyed by economic activities in surrounding areas. The main manifestations are: (1) the short-term behavior of quick success and instant benefit causes the destruction of tourism resources. Some people kill all kinds of rare wild animals and plants in nature reserves for profiteering, resulting in many landscape vegetation and animals on the verge of extinction. For example, in recent years, more than 0/000 rare Pinus taiwanensis/kloc-plants have been illegally cut down in Lushan core reserve, elephants and bison have been stolen in Xishuangbanna, and the "national treasure"-giant panda has been killed in Wolong nature reserve. Another example is the phenomenon of robbing tombs and reselling cultural relics. (2) The destruction of tourism resources by cultural and artistic production activities. For example, some cultural and artistic units do not hesitate to use the cultural relics showroom as a studio and cultural relics as props when shooting movies and TV series. Long-term high temperature exposure and some careless behaviors have caused many cultural relics to be destroyed. (3) Pollution and destruction of tourism resources by industrial production activities. Small chemical plants, fertilizer plants and wastes from pesticide plant built on the periphery of tourist areas pollute and destroy tourist resources.

As can be seen from the above, tourism resources have been destroyed by various evil consequences. At present, people have realized the disastrous impact of this destruction on the sustainable development of tourism. In this regard, people have issued a strong appeal to protect tourism resources.

1.2 dialectical relationship between tourism resources development and environmental protection

The contradiction or conflict between tourism development and environmental protection can also be understood as the negative impact of tourism on the environment, which is a concrete manifestation of the disharmony between environment and economy. The contradictory movement between environment and economy is the main line of human historical development and the eternal theme of social progress.

1.2. 1 Positive interaction between tourism development and environmental protection

The interactive relationship between tourism development and environmental protection is mainly reflected in the following aspects: on the one hand, tourism development must rely on blue sky, clear water and green mountains, and it is inseparable from the protection of environmental protection. Only the well-protected and virtuous circle of natural landscape and human landscape can stimulate people's tourism desire and turn it into real tourism demand. Therefore, environmental protection provides a foundation and creates conditions for the sustainable development of tourism; On the other hand, the healthy development of tourism not only promotes social and economic development and the improvement of people's material and cultural living standards, but also promotes the development of environmental protection. Compared with industry, tourism consumes less resources. In many cases, the development of tourism has improved local governments and people's awareness of resource value and protection, improved environmental conditions and reduced the damage to natural resources. People walk into nature through tourism, while enjoying the magical and beautiful natural scenery, they also appreciate the true meaning of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and improve their awareness of protecting nature and protecting the environment. Secondly, through the development of tourism, we can realize the sustainable utilization of some natural resources, reduce the ecological damage caused by resource development, and replace some traditional industries with large resource consumption and heavy pollution to achieve the purpose of reducing pollution emissions. It can also provide necessary funds for environmental construction and promote the improvement of environmental quality. In a word, tourism development and environmental protection are closely related and promote each other. Only by properly handling the relationship between them can the sustainable development of tourism be realized.

1.2.2 contradiction between tourism development and tourism environmental protection

First, unreasonable development and construction. Modern scenic spots and landscapes are not directly enjoyed by consumers free of charge in completely primitive form, but are developed and constructed by tourism enterprises, and many potential resources are turned into economic resources, or many economic resources are modernized and urbanized, and natural resources are turned into commodities, or commercialized natural resources are made easier to trade, and then exchanged with consumers in the form of commodities. This predatory development at the expense of destroying the environment and wasting resources will inevitably have a certain damage and impact on the environment. Some areas are planned by investors themselves. They often start from the economic interests of their own departments or enterprises, take the ability to obtain approval as the starting point, and take the ability to obtain economic benefits as the highest B standard, instead of combining social benefits, environmental benefits and economic benefits for overall planning and wantonly destroying the natural environment of tourist attractions. Therefore, in tourist attractions, the noise is getting louder and louder, buildings are getting higher and higher, and hotels are being built more and more ... A series of development and construction have seriously damaged the harmony and beauty of natural scenic spots. Tourists want to cultivate themselves and get rid of the irritability and tension brought by their daily work, but what they see and hear often makes them miserable. In essence, development itself means the destruction of natural resources. All at the cost of environmental damage. Therefore, we must minimize development damage and protect valuable tourism resources; Second, tourists themselves pollute the environment. Mainly manifested in the congestion and chaos caused by the influx of a large number of tourists in tourist hotspots. Some low-quality tourists intentionally or unintentionally destroy the environment. In addition, the trampling of a large number of tourists has changed the soil quality, the huge population has made the local energy consumption abnormal, and the air pollution, noise pollution and visual pollution brought by tourists and tourist vehicles have caused serious damage and pollution to the environment of tourist areas.

2. Legal mechanism of foreign tourism environmental protection

2. 1 Legal measures of various countries in tourism environmental protection

Both developing countries and developed countries are using laws, policies and measures to solve the problems existing in tourism resources and environment. The function of legal policy measures is to stipulate the rights, obligations and responsibilities of all parties concerned in terms of tourism resources at that time, and to limit people's behavior within the scope permitted by legal policies. The second is to guide relevant enterprises to take actions in the development, construction and utilization of tourism resources, help them fulfill their relevant protection obligations and promote the healthy development of tourism. For example, France has the Law on Changes of French Scenic Spots and Cultural Relics, Egypt has the Law on Authorizing the Ministry of Tourism to Supervise the Development of Tourist Areas, Yugoslavia has announced by law that it is forbidden to develop industries that pollute air and lake water near 14 National Park, and Japan has special laws on various parks, forests, special protected areas, wild animals, ancient buildings and cultural relics, urban greening and pollution prevention. Some countries even have beach protection laws, shell protection laws and so on.

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2.2 International trends in the development, utilization and protection of tourism resources

First, hold relevant international conferences and adopt certain declarations and resolutions to guide countries' actions. 1In April 1995, UNESCO, the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Tourism Organization held the World Conference on Sustainable Tourism Development in Spain, attended by more than 600 representatives from 75 countries and regions, including China, and finally adopted the Charter for Sustainable Tourism Development and the Action Plan for Sustainable Tourism Development. The Charter points out that "tourism is a world phenomenon, an important factor in the socio-economic and political development of many countries, and the highest and deepest aspiration of mankind". "Tourism has a dual nature. On the one hand, tourism can promote social, economic and cultural development. At the same time, tourism has also aggravated the loss of the environment and the disappearance of local characteristics. " Secondly, international organizations related to tourism and environment have been established and developed. The utilization and protection of tourism resources and environment by the World Tourism Organization, the World Tourism Environment Research Center and the United Nations Environment Program have aroused the attention of governments and people in various countries to environmental protection issues, and promoted the development of global environmental protection and international environmental protection cooperation.