Horizontal lateral projection of femoral neck in supine position

In orthopedic reading, we often use accurate measurement to evaluate the definite diagnosis of diseases from some angles, which is also very important for the choice of treatment scheme, surgical method and fixation method and the evaluation of treatment effect.

one

Spine principal angle measurement

1, measure the angle of cervical vertebra and spine;

2. Cobb Point;

3. Lumbosacral angle;

4. Lumbar spondylolisthesis angle;

5. Sacral inclination angle;

6. Pelvic incident angle, etc.

A, normal B, lateral bending

AB line is made along the lower edge of the seventh vertebra to 1 rib arch, and CD perpendicular line is made through the spinous process of the seventh vertebra, which is 90 degrees with the AB line, and then the C3 and C4 lateral processes of the upper cervical vertebra are taken as EFGH points respectively.

A. Normal ECD angle =FCD angle is about 10, GCD angle =HCD angle is about 15.

B, ECD angle 12 minus 10, lateral bending 2, GCD angle 18 minus 15, lateral bending 3.

Figure A shows the measurement method of cervical anteversion: the CD line is the sagittal axis of normal vertebral curvature, that is, 1 the connecting line from the baseline of cervical spinous process to the posterior lower edge of the seventh cervical vertebra. Line AB is the connecting line from the anterior edge of atlas to the anterior lower edge of the seventh cervical vertebra. Line AB is parallel to line CD, EF is the posterior superior angle and anterior inferior angle of vertebral body respectively, and the included angle between the extended line of EF and line CD is the anteversion angle.

Normal E2(C2) is about 60, E3(C3) is about 45, E4(C4) is about 45, E5(C5) is about 35 and E6(C6) is about 35.

Figure B: The anteversion angles of C3, 4, 5 and 6 increase, which are 60, 47, 44 and 38 respectively, indicating that the curvature of vertebral body increases.

Figure c shows the measurement method of the caster angle.

Line AB, as shown in Figures A and E, is the posterior upper angle of the inverted arch vertebral body, and the intersection angle between line AB and line EB is the posterior inclination angle, indicating that the curvature of the vertebral body disappears and the inverted arch is angled.

Normal anatomical relationship of atlantoaxial joint;

1, S 1, S2 and S3 should be parallel, and the spacing of S 1-2 should be equal; The central axis of the odontoid process (S3) should coincide with the central axis of the annular vertebra.

2. The 2.S3 line should be perpendicular to the bottom line of the arc (S4).

3. The camber angle is about 20 degrees (as shown in the figure).

4. The tooth position is below the occipital line, and over 7mm can be diagnosed as skull base depression.

5. The joint space between the front edge of odontoid process and the rear edge of anterior arch of annular vertebra should be less than 2mm.

(Note: Palatopoccipital line is also called Chamberlain line, that is, a line is drawn from the posterior edge of hard palate to the posterior edge of foramen magnum on the lateral cephalogram, that is, the odontoid process of normal people on Chamberlain line is below 3mm, and beyond this limit, it is skull base depression. )

Accurate measurement of cervical curvature is very important for the determination of surgical methods and the evaluation of postoperative curative effect