What are the mainstream classifications of painting?

It mainly includes painting, sculpture, craft, architecture, calligraphy, seal cutting, design, new media and photography. Each category can be divided into several sub-categories according to the theme of performance and the theme used.

Painting is the most important art form in plastic arts. It refers to an art form that uses artistic language such as lines, colors and shapes to create a static visual image in a two-dimensional space (that is, a plane) and express the author's aesthetic feelings through artistic means such as modeling, color and composition. There are many kinds of paintings, which can be divided into different categories from different angles. Geographically, painting can be divided into oriental painting and western painting; From the perspective of tool materials, painting can be divided into ink painting, oil painting, mural painting, printmaking, watercolor painting, gouache painting and so on. From the subject matter, painting can be divided into figure painting, landscape painting, still life painting, animal painting and so on. From the form of works, painting can be divided into murals, New Year pictures, comic books, cartoons, posters, oil paintings, blow paintings, illustrations and so on.

Different types of painting forms, due to their different historical traditions, have their own unique forms of expression and aesthetic characteristics. Chinese painting, also known as Chinese painting, has its own system and unique features in the world painting world, and is the mainstream of the oriental painting system. As far as tool materials are concerned, Chinese painting is painted on Xuan paper and silk with brush and ink. It pays attention to pen and ink, focusing on modeling with pen and ink. In the way of expression, Chinese painting adopts scattered perspective method; In the composition of the picture, Chinese painting pays attention to poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing, forming a unique beauty of form and content. Oil painting is the representative of western painting and the most influential painting in the world. Oil painting is painted on cloth, wood or cardboard with oily pigments. A painting in which oil agents (linseed oil, walnut oil, etc.). ) mixed with pigments and operated on linen, cardboard or wood.

Expressive technique

Traditional oil painters use focus perspective to paint. In the picture composition, pay attention to the richness of the picture scenery, fill the picture in the natural order, and present the true realm of nature. Sculpture is an art form, which can use materials to carve and shape a three-dimensional image to express thoughts and feelings. The types of sculpture can be divided from different angles. From the production process, sculpture can be divided into sculpture and plastic. Carving is to cut off and chisel away the redundant parts from a complete and solid blank, such as stone carving, wood carving and jade carving. Plastics are connected by bonding materials to form the required shapes, such as clay sculptures and pottery sculptures. Sculpture can be divided into memorial sculpture, architectural decoration sculpture, urban garden sculpture, religious sculpture, mausoleum sculpture and exhibition sculpture according to the theme. From the form of expression, sculpture can be divided into round carving and relief. The circular sculpture is a three-dimensional sculpture that is not attached to any background and can be viewed from all directions. Relief is a raised artistic image carved on a plane. The technique of expression often depends on volume and structure.

The emergence and development of sculpture is closely related to human production activities, and it is also directly influenced by social ideologies such as religion and philosophy in various times. For example, there were circular sculptures of naked women, mares and wild boar in Paleolithic France, and the stone carvings, bone carvings, portraits of goddesses and painted heads found 5,000-6,000 years ago in Hejiawan, Shaanxi, China and Lingyuan and Jianping, Liaoning, which reflected the process of human worship of natural forces and animals, as well as their understanding of themselves and the world. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum reproduce the power of the imperial army more than two thousand years ago. Sculpture is the crystallization of times, thoughts, feelings and aesthetic concepts, and it is an intuitive record of social development. Jiang Zaixun's work "Horsehead Chapter" is based on 1860, the ruins of the Roman archway in Yuanmingyuan burned by the British and French allied forces. The horse head, one of the bronze animal heads of the 12 Zodiac in Yuanmingyuan, and the jade seal, one of the 25 treasures of the Qing Dynasty, are historical origins and the expression of the word "harmony" in the form of inscriptions. With a brand-new artistic form and mental outlook, The Story of Horsehead interprets the theme of the 6th China Beijing International Art Biennale on May 38, 1965, which left a historical mark for the Acura era.

Architecture is the floorboard of buildings and structures. It is an art that human beings use bricks, stones, tiles, wood, iron and other material materials to build or construct internal and external spaces in a fixed geographical position for living and activities. Architectural art refers to the use of the unique artistic language of architectural art, in accordance with the law of beauty, so that the architectural image has cultural and aesthetic value, symbolic and formal beauty, reflecting nationality and sense of the times. According to its functional characteristics, architectural art can be divided into memorial buildings, palaces and tombs, religious buildings, residential buildings, garden buildings and production buildings. Generally speaking, architectural art, like arts and crafts, is an art combining practicality and aesthetics. The essence of architecture is a living place built by human beings for living and activities, so practicality is the primary function of architecture; Only with the development of human practice and the progress of material technology, architecture has more and more aesthetic value.

Reference: /3g ye