Airship information

Airship belongs to a kind of aerostat, and it is also an aircraft that uses lighter gas than air to provide lift. According to different working principles, aerostat can be divided into airship, tethered balloon and hot air balloon, among which airship and tethered balloon are the aerostat with the highest military value. The main difference between an airship and a tethered balloon is that the former has more power systems than the latter and can fly by itself. Airships are divided into manned and unmanned, and there are also differences between tethered and untethered.

The lift obtained by airship mainly comes from gases lighter than air, such as particles and neutrons. Modern airships generally use safer helium to provide lift, and the engine installed on the airship provides part of the lift. The power provided by the engine is mainly used for the horizontal movement of the airship and the power supply of airborne equipment, so compared with modern jet aircraft, the airship has better energy-saving performance and less damage to the environment.

Generally speaking, airships can be divided into three types: rigid airships, semi-rigid airships and flexible airships. Rigid airship is a kind of airship, and its internal skeleton is made of metal or wood. ) to maintain its shape and rigidity. The outside is covered with skin, and many independent airbags filled with gas are installed inside the skeleton to provide lift for the airship. Semi-rigid airship mainly maintains its shape through the gas pressure in the airbag, and the other part also depends on the rigid skeleton. In the 1920s, an Italian-made semi-rigid airship crossed the Arctic on its way from Norway to Alaska, which was the first plane to arrive in India in human history. There has also been exercise 6 in the first volume of the fifth grade of Jiangsu Education Press. There are two basic types of airship: rigid airship and non-rigid airship.

Airship (12)

Rigid airship maintains its shape and rigidity through its internal skeleton. . Non-rigid modern non-rigid airship relies on helium pressure in the shell and variable volume air in the internal auxiliary airbag to maintain its shape. Modern airships are generally soft airships. In order to keep their shape, they can only be achieved by helium pressure in the airbag. Its main components are: the airbag is filled with helium to provide lift, and there is an auxiliary airbag inside. The airbags on modern airships are made of synthetic materials such as polyester fiber and polyester film, which can effectively prevent helium leakage and have a long service life. The small auxiliary airbag inside the airship can control and maintain the shape and buoyancy of the airship by inflating and deflating during flight; The pod is located in the cabin below the airship, including the cockpit, engine and personnel cabin (if the airship is manned); The propulsion device provides power for the airship to take off, land and hover in the air;

Tail, rudder and elevator provide maneuverability for airship. The biggest advantage of airship compared with airplane is unparalleled air time. The time that an airplane flies in the air is calculated in hours, while an airship is calculated in days. Airships can also fly quietly in the air, which is equally important in military applications. 1957 In March, a ZPG -2 flexible airship in the United States set a world record of continuous flight of 264.2 hours, with a total mileage of 15200 km. At present, military airships generally use helium to maintain buoyancy, so they can complete lift and flight quietly and smoothly, which is very important for them to carry high-tech monitoring equipment. Airships can carry large radar antennas in airbags, and the shape and size of the latter are almost unlimited. Compared with aircraft, military airship can reduce energy consumption and flight cost by about 30%, and its radar reflection area is much smaller than that of modern aircraft.

The safety of modern airships has been improved qualitatively. Helium is an inert gas, which is nonflammable. Because the helium pressure in the airship airbag is not very high, just keep the shape. Therefore, even if it is hit by a bullet, if the bullet hole is not large, the leakage speed of helium will be very slow, and it can almost be left untreated for the time being. If the hole is large, the airship will have to cancel the established action plan, but there is still enough time to return to the base. In addition, advanced manufacturing technology and complex control system will also prevent the Hindenburg airship tragedy from happening again. Airships can still fly in bad weather, as long as the wind speed does not exceed 30 knots.

Although the military airship has great development potential, we still can't avoid its inherent defects. In the last century, airships were replaced by airplanes for two main reasons: high cost and low speed. Although the use cost of airship is very low, its cost is astronomical. The price of an airship usually varies according to its size. For example, a 40-meter-long small airship costs about $2 million. If the airship is used as a large-scale military transport, it is doomed that the initial construction quantity will not be much, and the cost of carrying goods will increase sharply at the beginning. If we put aside its cost, modern engineering materials and avionics will make modern airships much more advanced than their ancestors half a century ago, but its speed is still a headache. You know, the speed of modern jets is at least six times that of airships. Of course, the speed of military airships is only relative to that of airplanes, but the speed of airships is quite fast for surface ships. But then again, the speed of the airship is both a disadvantage and an advantage. Because the airship has more advantages than the faster aircraft when performing surveillance tasks, it can hover over the target area for a long time, so that the reconnaissance instrument it carries can detect the target accurately and efficiently. In addition, at low speed, small targets are more easily detected by airborne radar. Application and development of airship power supply wiring

In the tension stringing construction of transmission lines, guide ropes were laid manually in the past. It is very difficult to pass through valleys, rivers, dense trees, civil buildings, live lines and other obstacles. Moreover, it is easy to cause problems such as deforestation, young crops damage, suspension of navigation and power failure, which requires more manpower and material resources, low efficiency and many unsafe factors. The cable guidance technology of remote-controlled airship is to use the payload of remote-controlled airship and the characteristics of controllable flight in the whole process to complete cable guidance in the air and finally complete the tension erection of wires. By designing and manufacturing a special remote-controlled helium airship with high power and high load capacity, this project expands or pulls the guide rope with light weight and high fracture strength during the remote-controlled flight of the airship, and crosses the obstacles that human beings can't or can't cross from the air, thus solving the problem of expanding the guide rope through special obstacles in the previous stringing construction. China Falcon Airship Company independently researched and developed the airship pay-off, and provided a professional solution for remote control of airship guiding ropes in the air for high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage transmission line projects. LS-FX08,09 electric power pay-off series remote control airship is used in the pay-off construction of transmission lines, with high technical content, reasonable structure, superior performance, simple operation and maintenance and low use cost. The developed supporting instruments are complete in variety and reliable in performance; The developed supporting technical measures are advanced and unique, with detailed processes and strong operability.

At present, the remote-controlled airship produced in China has poor wind resistance, and the construction of transmission lines requires flying along a straight line.

How to keep the airship flying in a straight line under the wind speed of class 4 is a difficult point in the development and operation of remote-controlled airship. This project explores a new process of aircraft taking off and deploying the towing rope to cross obstacles in the air. The airship can fly in a straight line with the guide rope at the wind speed of 4, which is a new development of remote control technology and a new breakthrough in the design and manufacture of remote control airship.

The practical application of the system in Yunnan and Kunming urban network reconstruction projects and Shandong power transmission line erection shows that the developed pay-off airship, supporting tools and airship pay-off technology can be well applied to the pay-off construction of power transmission lines, adapt to the harsh field work environment, effectively solve the difficulties of manual pay-off when crossing dense forests, deep mountain canyons, rivers and lakes, live lines, civil buildings, cash crops and other obstacles, protect the natural ecological environment, and improve work efficiency and economic benefits. In more than one year's practical application, the project team has overcome many technical difficulties, formulated and improved the line construction technology, compiled the airship operation rules and safety inspection measures, and formed a complete airship overall use guarantee system.

The successful application of this project marks another major breakthrough in transmission line construction technology, which will inevitably lead to a change in line design ideas. Terminology system of airship mass In the world of airship, there has been some confusion in the definition of various qualities of airship, which is related to the simple use of terms that are more important than aircraft. Therefore, it is necessary to sort out the related concepts of airship quality.

In order to have a systematic understanding of the quality concept of airship, the following system parameters are formulated according to the quality-related technical concepts involved in airship design.

Some related concepts are explained below.

Design gross weight of airship

The "design gross weight" of the airship refers to the gross weight of the airship including the enclosed gas (buoyancy gas in the boat bag and air in the auxiliary airbag). Equal to the total static lift of the airship plus the empty weight of the airship.

Design no-load weight of airship

The design "empty weight" of airship includes airship structure, power plant, airship system and internal standard facilities.

Airship design hanging empty weight

The "design hanging weight" of airship includes: pod structure and the mass of power plant, working system and internal facilities in pod. It should be noted that "hanging empty weight" is a key design criterion of airship. The "hanging mass" mentioned in the definition refers to the mass of all articles acting through the hanging system.

Empty weight of airship

The "empty weight" of airship includes the mass of airship structure, power plant, working system and other equipment, as well as the mass of liquid filled in closed system.

Suspended empty weight of airship factory

The "hanging weight" of airship includes the mass of pod structure, power plant, working system and internal facilities in pod, and the liquid filled in closed system.

Basic no-load weight of airship

The "basic empty weight" of airship refers to the empty weight of airship plus the weight of standard articles.

airship

The airship "standard project" includes:

Ship fuel and other ship-borne liquids

Engine lubricating oil

Fixed ballast

Toilet liquids and chemicals

Airship emergency equipment

Kitchen structure

Auxiliary electrical and avionics equipment

It does not include the fixed task equipment and ordnance in the "factory empty weight".

Basic suspended empty weight of airship