How to express the picture with lines, proportions, shapes, spaces, lightness, texture and colors?

Red is warm, lively, lively, revolutionary, warm, happy, auspicious and dangerous. ......

Orange is bright, gorgeous, exciting, sweet and happy. ......

Yellow is bright, cheerful, noble, hopeful, developing and dedicated. ......

Green, fresh, calm, comfortable, peaceful, soft, youthful, safe and ideal. ......

Blue is profound, eternal, quiet, rational, honest and cold. ......

Purple is elegant, noble, charming, arrogant and reckless. ......

White is pure, pure, simple, sacred, bright, faint and nothingness. ......

Gray is modest, ordinary, silent, gentle, lonely, melancholy and negative. ......

Black is noble, serious, vigorous, solid, rough, silent, dark, evil, terror, despair and death. ......

Psychological effect of color

The direct psychological effect of color comes from the direct influence of physical light stimulation of color on human physiology.

Psychologists have done many experiments on this. They found that in the red environment, people's pulse will accelerate, blood pressure will rise, and emotions will be impulsive. In the blue environment, the pulse will slow down and the mood will be calm. Some scientists have found that color affects brain waves, which are alert to red and relaxed to blue.

Color is the most sensitive thing for human vision. If the color of the home page is handled well, it can be icing on the cake and achieve twice the result with half the effort. The general application principle of color should be "overall coordination and local contrast", that is, the overall color effect of the homepage should be harmonious, and only local and small areas can have some strong color contrast. In the use of color, you can use different main colors according to the needs of the home page content. Because colors are symbolic, for example, tender green, emerald green, golden yellow and taupe can symbolize spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively. Secondly, there are professional logo colors, such as olive green for military police and white for medical care. Color also has obvious psychological feelings, such as cold and warm feelings, advance and retreat effects, etc. In addition, color is also national, and different ethnic groups have great differences in color preferences due to the influence of environment, culture, tradition and other factors. Making full use of these characteristics of color can make our home page have profound artistic connotation, thus enhancing the cultural taste of the home page.

Here are some common color schemes:

Warm colors. That is, the collocation of red, orange, yellow and ochre. The use of this hue can make the home page present a warm, warm and enthusiastic atmosphere.

Cool tones. That is, the collocation of cyan, green and purple. The use of this hue can make the home page present a quiet, cool and elegant atmosphere.

Contrast tone. That is, colors with completely opposite colors are collocated in the same space. For example: red and green, yellow and purple, orange and blue, etc. This kind of color collocation can produce a strong visual effect, giving people a bright, lively and festive feeling. Of course, if the contrast color is not called well, it will be counterproductive and produce tacky and dazzling adverse effects. It is necessary to grasp the important principle of "harmony between big and small", that is, the overall tone should be unified and harmonious, and there can be some small strong contrasts in some parts.

Finally, consider the depth of the background color of the home page. A term borrowed from photography here is "high profile" and "low profile". Light background color is called high-profile; The deep background color is called low-key. If the background color is dark, the text color is light, and the light content (text or picture) is set off with a dark background; Conversely, if the background color is light, the text will be dark, and the dark content (text or picture) will be set off by the light background. This change in depth is called "lightness change" in chromatics. On some homepages, the background color is black, but the text is also dark. Because the brightness of colors is close, readers will feel very tired when reading, which will affect the reading effect. Of course, the brightness of the color can't change too much, otherwise the brightness contrast on the screen is too strong, which will make the reader's eyes unbearable.

Harmony: in a narrow sense, harmonious graphic design is unity and contrast, and the two are not boring or chaotic. Broadly speaking, when judging the relationship between two or more elements or parts, the feelings and consciousness of each part are a whole coordinated relationship.

Contrast: Also known as contrast, two elements with great qualitative or quantitative contrast are successfully arranged together, which makes people feel distinct and strong, has a sense of unity, makes the subject more distinct and works more active. ?

Symmetry: suppose a vertical line is set in the center of a graph, and the graph is divided into two equal parts, and the graphs of the left and right parts are completely equal. This is a symmetrical figure.

Balance: physically speaking, it refers to the weight relationship; In graphic design, it refers to the balance between distribution function and visual judgment according to the shape, size, weight, color and material of the image.

Proportion: refers to the quantitative relationship between a part or part and the whole. Proportion is an important factor that constitutes the size of all units and the arrangement and combination of units in the design.

Center of gravity: the center of the picture is the center of vision. The change of picture outline, the gathering and dispersion of graphics, and the distribution of color or light and shade can all affect the visual center.

Rhythm: Rhythm, with a sense of time, refers to the sense of movement when the same element is repeated in composition design.

Rhythm: Simple unit combination and repetition in plane composition are easy to be monotonous, and images or color groups that change regularly are arranged in numerical ratio and equal ratio, which makes them have a sense of melody and become rhythm.

Second, the elements of graphic design?

Conceptual elements, the so-called conceptual elements, are those things that don't actually exist and can't be seen, but can be felt by human consciousness. For example, when we see a sharp figure, we feel that there is a point on it and an edge line on the outline of the object. Conceptual elements include: point, line and surface.

Visual elements: conceptual elements will be meaningless if they are not reflected in the actual design. Conceptual elements are usually embodied by visual elements, which include the size, shape and color of graphics.

Relational elements: The organization and arrangement of visual elements on the screen depends on relational elements. Including: direction, position, space, center of gravity, etc.

Practical elements: meaning, content, purpose and function of design. Here is a detailed introduction to the composition of graphic design.

Third, the use of elements.

(1) Images of points, lines and surfaces are external features of objects and are visible. Image includes all parts of visual elements, and all conceptual elements, such as points, lines and surfaces, also have their own images when they are seen in the picture. Basic form in graphic design: in graphic design, it consists of a group of identical or similar images, and each unit becomes a basic form and is the smallest unit. The best composition effect can be obtained by arranging and combining according to certain composition principles. ?

Composition: In composition, due to the basic combination, there is a combination relationship between shapes, which mainly includes:

Separation: there is no connection between shapes, and there is a certain distance.

Contact: The edges between shapes are just tangent.

Overlap: there is an overlapping relationship between shapes, which leads to the spatial relationship of up and down, front and back, left and right.

Percolation: the transparency of shapes overlap each other, but there is no spatial relationship between them.

Combination: Shape and shape combine with each other to form a larger new shape.

Subtraction: Form and form cover each other, and the covered place is cut off.

Difference overlap: shapes overlap with each other, and new shapes are generated at the overlapping places.

Coincidence: shape and shape coincide with each other and become one.

(2) Gradient

Gradient is an effect I often hear about. I can experience it in nature. On the way, we will feel the gradual change of trees from near to far, from big to small. ?

Gradient type:

Shape gradual change: one basic shape gradually changes to another, and the basic shape can gradually change from complete to incomplete, or from simple to complex, and from abstract to concrete.

Directional gradient: the basic shape can undergo directional gradient on the plane.

Gradient position: the gradient position of the basic shape needs a skeleton, because the part beyond the skeleton will be cut off when the basic shape changes position.

Gradual change in size: the gradual arrangement of basic shapes from large to small will produce a sense of distance, depth and space.

Color gradient: in color, hue, lightness and purity can have gradient effect, which will produce layered aesthetic feeling.

Bone lattice gradual change refers to the regular change of bone lattice, which makes the basic shape change in shape, size and direction. The lines dividing the skeleton can be graded horizontally, vertically, diagonally, polyline and curve. The careful arrangement of gradual bone lattice will produce special visual effects, and sometimes it will produce wrong visual and motion sense. Appreciation of gradient effect

(3) Repetition

The general concept of repetition means that the same image appears more than twice in the same design. Repetition is a common technique in design, which is used to enhance the impression, create a regular sense of rhythm and unify the picture. The so-called sameness mainly refers to the sameness in shape, color and size. Basic shape in repetition: the shape used for repetition is called basic shape, and each basic shape is a unit, and then it is designed through repetition. The basic shape is not complicated, but simple. ?

Duplicate type:?

Repetition of basic form: a picture composed of the same basic form in composition design is called repetition of basic form, which can be seen everywhere in daily life. For example, the windows of tall buildings.

Repetition of bone lattice: if the shapes and areas of each unit of bone lattice are completely equal, it is a repeated bone lattice, which is a regular bone lattice and the simplest one.

Shape repetition: shape is the most commonly used repeating element, and the repeated shape can change size, color, etc. in the whole composition. ?

Dimensional repetition: Similar or identical shapes are repeated in size.

Color repetition: You can change the shape and size without changing the color.

Texture repetition: under the same texture conditions, the size and color can be changed.

Repetition of directions: shapes have obvious and consistent directionality in composition.

(4) Approximation

Approximation refers to the common characteristics in shape, size, color, texture and so on, showing the effect of vivid and unified changes. The degree of approximation can be large or small, and if it is large, there will be a sense of repetition. A small approximation will destroy unity. ?

Roughly classified:?

Similar shapes: If two images belong to the same race, their shapes are similar, just like human images.

Skeleton approximation: Skeleton is unrepeatable but approximate, that is to say, the shape and size of skeletal unit have some changes and are approximate.

Note: The difference between approximation and gradient is that the gradient is very regular, the basic shape arrangement is strict, while the approximate change is irregular, and the basic and other visual elements change greatly and are more lively. Approximate effect evaluation

(5) skeleton

The skeleton grid determines the relationship between the basic shapes in composition. Sometimes, the skeleton will also become a part of the image, and different changes in the skeleton will change the overall composition. ?

Bones are divided into:

Regular skeleton: Regular skeleton has precise and rigorous skeleton lines, regular numerical relations and basic shapes arranged according to skeleton, which has a strong sense of order. There are mainly bones such as repetition, gradual change and emission.

Irregular skeleton: Irregular skeleton generally has no strict skeleton lines, so the composition is relatively free.

Functional skeleton: Functional skeleton is to divide the basic shape into the boundaries of their respective units, giving the image an accurate space. Basic shapes can freely change their position, direction, positive and negative in the skeleton unit, and even cross the skeleton line.

Inactive skeleton: Inactive skeleton is conceptual, and inactive skeleton lines are helpful to the arrangement and organization of basic shapes, but they will not affect their shapes, nor will they divide the space into relatively independent skeleton units.

Duplicate skeleton: refers to the space units divided by skeleton lines, which are identical in shape and size, and are the most regular skeletons, and the basic shapes are arranged continuously according to skeletons.

(6) Launch

Emission is a common natural phenomenon, which emits the radiation of the sun. Emission has the regularity of direction, and the emission center is the most important visual focus. All the images are concentrated or scattered from the center, which sometimes causes light movement, explosion and strong visual effects.

Emission classification:

Central point emission: emission from this center or concentration from outside to inside.

Spiral emission: the basic form of spiral has been carried out in a spiral arrangement, and the basic form of spiral has gradually expanded to form spiral emission.

Concentric emission: Concentric emission is a multi-layer pattern around a focus, such as an arrow target. Launch effect evaluation

(7) specificity

Specificity means that the constituent elements intentionally violate the order in the orderly relationship, making a few individual elements stand out and break the regularity.

Specific classification:?

Specificity of shape: among many repeated or similar basic shapes, a few special shapes appear, which form differences and contrast and become the visual focus on the screen.

Specificity of size: in the composition of the same basic form, only some specific comparisons are made in size, but it should be noted that the specificity of the basic form should be moderate, and the comparison should not be too wide or too similar.

Color specificity: in the composition of similar colors, add some contrast components to break the monotony.

Directional specificity: most basic forms are arranged in an orderly way, with the same direction, and a few basic forms change direction to form special effects.

Texture specificity: in the same texture, different texture changes are caused. Special effects appreciation

(8)

Contrast is sometimes in form, sometimes in color and texture. Contrast can produce clear, positive and strong visual effects, giving people a deep impression. Nature is full of contrast, and heaven and earth, land and sea, red flowers and green leaves are all comparative phenomena. The relations that make up the contrast include: size, light and shade, sharpness, weight and so on. Classification of comparison:

Shape contrast: totally different shapes, of course, have some contrast, but pay attention to the sense of unity.

Size contrast: the contrast formed by different sizes of shapes and different lengths of lines in the picture.

Color contrast: color contrast due to hue, light and shade, shade, cold and warm.

Texture contrast: the contrast caused by different textures such as thickness, smoothness and uneven texture.

Position contrast: the position of the figure in the picture is different, such as up and down, left and right, high and low, etc.

Contrast of center of gravity: the contrast caused by stability, instability and different sense of center of gravity.

Spatial contrast: the contrast between the front and back in the plane, the bottom of the picture, the distance and the sense of front and back.

Contrast between reality and reality: the realistic graphics in the picture are called reality, the space is empty, and most of the empty places are the bottom. It should be noted that in the application of contrast, a unified sense of integrity is required, and all aspects of visual elements should have a certain general trend, each with its own emphasis and contrast with each other. If we compare ourselves everywhere, we can't emphasize the factors of comparison. ?

(9) Intensive

Density is a common organizational drawing method in design, and the basic shape can be spread freely in the whole composition, with sparse and dense. The most sparse or dense place often becomes the visual focus of the whole design. It creates a visual tension in the picture, with a sense of rhythm like a magnetic field. Density is also a contrast, using the number of basic shapes to produce the contrast effect of density, virtual reality and tightness. ?

Dense classification:

Density of points: in design, a conceptual point is placed at a certain point in composition, and the basic shape tends to be dense at this point in organizational arrangement. Closer, denser, farther away.

Line density: there is a conceptual line in the composition, and the basic shape is dense along this line. The densest line position, the farther off-line, the more sparse the basic shape.

Free density: in composition, the organization of basic modeling is completely free and irregular, and there is no restriction on the density of points or lines, so the density of basic modeling changes subtly.

Crowding and Alienation: Overcrowded and dense, all basic forms are in a crowded state in the whole composition, occupying all the space, and there is no sparse place. Alienation is opposite to density. In the whole composition, the basic forms are alienated from each other and scattered in all corners, which can be uniform or uneven. It should be noted that in the reinforcement effect processing, in order to have the reinforcement effect, the area of the basic shape should be small and the number should be large. The basic shapes can be the same or similar, but there are some changes in size and direction. In dense composition, it is important that the dense structure of basic modeling must have a tendency of tension and dynamics, and the structure cannot be scattered. ?

(10) texture

Texture, also known as texture, is a rough, smooth and soft feeling caused by different materials and different arrangement, organization and structure of the surface. ?

How to create a texture:

Changes of brush strokes: Different texture effects are depicted through different arrangements of thick and thin, soft and hard, and light and heavy brush strokes.

Printing: Carving with ink or pigment and naturally forming uneven surface, and then printing on the map, a simple rubbing texture will be formed.

Inkjet printing: After the dissolved pigment is brushed with a pen or a metal mesh and a toothbrush, the pigment is sprayed on the paper like a mist.

Dyeing: the surface with strong water absorption can be infected by rendering with liquid pigment, and the pigment will naturally disperse on the surface, resulting in a natural and beautiful texture effect.

Paper: Different kinds of paper have different thickness, texture and structure due to different processing materials, or are artificially wrinkled, resulting in special texture effects. Appreciation of texture effect

(1 1) space

By space, we generally mean two-dimensional space. There are several ways to express a sense of space:

Use size to express the sense of space: things of the same size have a sense of size because of different distances, which are large near and small far away. On the plane, we feel close when the area is large, and far when the area is small.

Use overlapping expression: when one shape is superimposed on another shape on the plane, there will be a sense of up and down, resulting in a sense of space.

Use shadows to express: the distinction between shadows will make objects feel three-dimensional and concave-convex.

The performance of the use of spacing density: small changes in image or linear density can produce a sense of space. In reality, it is like a curtain with a little pattern. When it is rolled up, the pattern will become dense, and the interval is very small. The denser it is, the farther it feels.

It is expressed by the change of the direction of parallel lines: changing the direction of parallel lines will produce a three-dimensional sense.

The change of color is as follows: using the temperature change of color, the cold color becomes farther away and the warm color becomes closer. 7. Expression of texture change: The rough surface makes people feel close, while the detailed surface makes people feel far away. 8. contradiction space's performance: The so-called contradiction space cannot exist in real space, but only in hypothetical space. Appreciate the effect of space

(12) diagram and bottom

There is a relationship between the picture and the bottom, which is produced by contrast and contrast. In nature, blue sky and white clouds, red flowers and green leaves all reflect the relationship between contrast and contrast. In graphic design, the relationship between the diagram and the bottom is inseparable, sometimes upside down.

The application of graph and bottom in design;

Graphic sense with high color brightness.

The convex image in the concave-convex change has positive significance.

In the comparison of area size, the smaller one has a sense of graphics.

Does the shape surrounded by space have a graphic feeling?

Whether static or dynamic, dynamic has a sense of graphics.

Between abstraction and concreteness, concreteness has a sense of painting.

In geometric patterns, the bottom of the picture can be determined according to the contrast relationship. The greater the contrast, the easier it is to distinguish between the picture and the bottom.

Bottom inversion: Sometimes the features at the bottom of the picture are very similar and difficult to distinguish. This is the inversion of the bottom of the graph. ?

(13) Breaking up

Split is a composition method of decomposition and combination, that is, a complete thing is divided into parts and then reassembled according to certain composition principles. This method is helpful to grasp the internal structure and characteristics of things, observe and dissect things from different angles, extract abstract components from a specific form, and combine these abstract components into new forms to produce new aesthetic feeling. Appreciate the effect of breaking up.

(14) rhythm

The expression of rhythm is one of the ways to express dynamics. When the same element appears periodically, it will form a sense of movement, which is a kind of psychological activity of people. The performance of rhythm is that the picture is full of vitality. How is it formed?

One-dimensional rhythm performance: the repetition of basic forms in a single direction is called one-dimensional rhythm. At this time, if the interval of the basic shape is the same, the rhythm changes will be less, for example, the price of the basic shape is different, which will produce a complex sense of rhythm.

The performance of two-dimensional rhythm: the repeated movement of the disk in four directions like Go is called two-dimensional rhythm, and the basic shape can be equally spaced or changed to some extent.

Using gradient to express rhythm: rhythm is generated according to the change of mathematical laws, and the change of mathematical proportion is regular, which can cause gradient to generate rhythm. Appreciation of rhythm effect

(15) subdivision

In plane composition, dividing the whole into parts is called segmentation. In daily life, this phenomenon can be seen at any time, for example, the ceiling and floor of a house constitute a division.

Here are some common segmentation methods:

Isomorphic segmentation: the shape is required to be exactly the same, and selecting the segmentation line after segmentation will have a good effect.

Free division: Free division is irregular, and the method of free division is different from the neat effect produced by mathematical rules division, but its random division gives people a lively and unrestrained feeling.

Proportion and order: The composition completed in proportion usually has the characteristics of order and clarity, giving people a sense of freshness. Separation gives certain laws, such as golden section, order and so on. Segmentation effect evaluation

(16) equilibrium

In modeling, balance is very important. Because of the visual satisfaction brought by balance, people's eyes can have a sense of balance and stability when observing objects. ?

Balance is mainly divided into:

Symmetrical balance: for example, people and butterflies, some shapes are symmetrical around the central axis.

Asymmetric balance: although there is no central axis, it is not symmetrical, but it has a very correct sense of balance. ?

(17) Various arrangements of basic tables

The basic form is the most basic unit element in a composition. In the process of clustering unit elements, there may be countless combinations. In order to make the composition change not messy, the basic form is preferably geometrically simple. ?

The arrangement principle of basic forms:?

Arrangement of basic lines and accessories: the arrangement develops horizontally and becomes a current graphic with strong directionality. It can develop horizontally or diagonally.

Plane arrangement: the basic shapes are arranged in the secondary direction to form a plane figure.

Circular arrangement: the basic linear arrangement develops into a curve to connect the two ends.

Radial arrangement: the basic shape is arranged outward from the center to form a radial pattern.

Symmetrical arrangement: the basic shape is symmetrically arranged left and right, and the arrangement is regular and neat. ?