Brief introduction of Beijing Single Bridge?

Beijing Danbi Bridge is located in front of the Hall of Prayer in Beijing Tiantan Park, also known as Seascape Avenue. Built in the 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1420), it is 360m long and 30m wide. It is a huge and long masonry platform, which is called a bridge because there are two culverts under it. The single-stroke bridge runs north and south, with its southern end slightly higher than the ground and its northern end more than 4.5 meters higher than the ground. It is connected with the Cheng Zhen Gate in the south and the brick gate in the south of Gu Prayer in the north, which integrates the ball with the Hall of Prayer for the New Year and forms the main axis of the Temple of Heaven.

brief introduction

The single bridge in the Temple of Heaven is connected with the prayer altar in the north and the dome altar in the south, which is low in the south and high in the north. The single-stroke bridge is flat and wide, with a white stone in the middle, and the surface of the stone is slightly raised upward in an arc shape. In the past, this road was the road that Shenyu passed, and it was called Shinto. There were brick ridges around Shen Dao for emperors and ministers to walk.

There is a square brick platform in the east of the single bridge, which is called the service platform, and there are stone railings on three sides, which is the place where the emperor washes and changes clothes when offering sacrifices. Every year, when praying for the valley in the Hall of Prayer for the New Year, a circular tent is set up on this platform, called Geji, commonly known as Xiaojindian. This is a movable house. The emperor saluted from the Zhai Palace to the Hall of Prayer for the New Year, and first went to this "Little Golden Hall" to change clothes. When Ming Taizu comes here, he takes off his shoes and salutes at the Hall of Prayer for the New Year. This means cleanliness, and no dust is brought to the altar. After you take off your shoes, Lu Shen (Single Bridge) is a sidewalk covered with brown carpet. This wide tunnel leads directly to the New Year's prayer hall.

There is an east-west voucher hole under the avenue, which is called the entrance of the sacrificial gate. Every time a sacrifice is made, the "sacrifice" is tied up with yellow wool, live fish is filled in a wooden basin, and drums are played in the door, so this hole is also called the gate of hell.

compose

The Temple of Heaven is divided into an inner altar and an outer altar. The inner altar consists of two parts, namely, the praying altar in the north and the praying altar in the south. A 360-meter-long single pen bridge connects the two altars. The main buildings of the two altars are concentrated at the two ends of the single bridge. There is an altar and a royal vault to pray for the New Year at the southern end of the single bridge, while there is a hall to pray for the New Year and a royal trunk at the northern end. Shan Bi Bridge, also known as Haishu Avenue, is a huge brick commercial avenue and the main axis of the Temple of Heaven building. On the east side of Danbi Bridge, there are ancillary buildings adapted to the sacrificial function of the Temple of Heaven: sacrificial pavilion, divine kitchen, divine library, etc. There is a fasting palace on the west side of the single bridge, where the emperor fasted before the ceremony of offering sacrifices to heaven. Waitan is a forest area with widely planted trees, and there is a music department in the southwest of Waitan, which is a place for practicing ritual music and training sacrificial musicians and dancers in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

origin

Danbi Bridge, also known as Haiyuan Avenue, is the main axis of the inner altar of the Temple of Heaven. It is a north-south avenue connecting the Hall of Prayer for the New Year and the Royal Dome, with a masonry abutment 360 meters long and 29.4 meters wide. "Dan" means red, and "chasing" originally refers to the steps in front of the palace. A straight and open avenue is also called "single pen bridge" because there is a coupon hole under the road, which just forms a three-dimensional intersection with the avenue above. The southern end of Danbi Bridge is about 1 m high, but the northern end is about 3 m high, rising gradually from south to north. First, it symbolizes the emperor's step-by-step promotion and ascension to heaven; Second, it means that ascension is not only a step-by-step climb, but also a long journey. Because it is the road to heaven, the stone road on the center line of the bridge deck is called "Shinto". On both sides of Shinto, there is the "Imperial Road" on the left and the "King Road" on the right. The gods in the sky follow the divine path, the emperor follows the imperial path, and the princes and ministers follow the kingly path.

repair

1.4 million city bricks, which created the original appearance of the single bridge in the late Qing Dynasty.

1976 when the single bridge was rebuilt, the deck city bricks were removed and replaced with cement square bricks. From June 8 to September 30, 2007, the Temple of Heaven single-stroke bridge was restored to its original historical appearance. According to old photos and historical documents, the reconstruction project adopts the traditional shapes, materials and techniques of city bricks and ridges to restore its original historical features. The whole project covers an area of 2423 1 m2, and the brick consumption reaches 1.4 million.

function

At present, every year from New Year's Eve to the fifth day of the first month (from February 6th to 1 1), a total of 288 people take part in this large-scale cultural performance, which lasts for 90 minutes.

Among them, the performance of "Sacrificing Heaven for Honor" was held in Danbiqiao, the performance of "Sacrificing Heaven for Joy and Dancing" was held in the courtyard of the Hall of Prayer for the New Year, and the performance of "Ancient Music Art of the Temple of Heaven" was held in Ningxi Hall of the Divine Music Department. The exhibition activities followed the original appearance of the "Sacrifice to Heaven" ceremony in the Qing Dynasty as far as possible in terms of costume props and etiquette regulations. In order to declare this activity as an intangible cultural heritage, the Park Management Office made a further study on the contents of sacrificial music, flags and ritual vessels.

The specific time of the activity is as follows: the performance of "Sacrifice to Heaven and Honor" starts every morning 10 and afternoon 13: 30; The performance of "Sacrifice to Heaven and Dance" starts at 1 1 every morning and 14: 40 in the afternoon; The performance of Ancient Music Art in Tiantan is at 9: 00 am, 10 am, 1 1 pm, 13: 30 pm, 14: 30 pm and 15: 30 pm every day.

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