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Moliere is a lone ranger. His comedies are close to tragedy, and his plays are so ingenious that no one dares to imitate him. -Goethe His honor lacks everything, but our honor lacks him. -Moliere, French dramatist (1622 ~ 1673), French comedian, actor and drama activist. Founder of French ballet comedy. His real name is Moliere, and Moliere is his stage name. Moliere is the most important writer of French classical literature in the17th century and the founder of classical comedy. He occupies a very important position in the history of European drama. He used to enjoy aristocratic education, but soon announced that he would give up hereditary power and engage in drama. He founded the "Guangyao Opera Troupe", which was badly run and was accused of being in prison for being in debt. Later, regardless of the social atmosphere that despised acting at that time and the opposition of his family, he resolutely ran away from home and wandered for more than ten years. He created and performed a series of influential comedies because he accumulated rich life materials. Finally, Moliere returned to Paris as the * * * of the troupe. Since then, he has been performing in Paris. Moliere lived in the Renaissance when the bourgeoisie flourished and feudal rule declined. He sympathized with the working people, exposed the fatuous and decadent aristocrats, deceitful monks, moaning landlords, "gifted scholars" who claimed to be knowledgeable, the bourgeoisie who started from exploitation and tried to be "elegant", unscrupulous usurers ... He described the ugly image of the exploiting class from all aspects. But he hasn't noticed the formed workforce, so the positive characters in his works are often the servants, tenants and craftsmen of the mocked. These people always use ingenious means to show each other on the spot, so that the exploiters are criticized in the shouts of the audience. Husband sent stills and wife sent stills 1659. Moliere wrote The Wisdom of Crying, which satirized the artistry of the bourgeoisie and attacked the so-called "elegant" decadent and boring life in aristocratic society, thus angering the aristocratic forces and being banned. But Moliere was not intimidated, and edited Husband's School and Wife's School one after another. My wife's school was accused of "obscenity" and "defamation of religion" because it advocated new ideas and demanded to break through the feudal ideological cage, and was also banned. Moliere fought back and wrote two controversial short plays, Criticizing the School Lady and Improvising Versailles. 1664, Moliere wrote a masterpiece "hypocrite", 1668, and he created another masterpiece "Miser". Moliere, a hypocrite, was a master of comedy, but his death was a tragedy. In order to maintain the expenses of the troupe, he had to take part in the performance in spite of illness. 1673, after the last performance of "Looking for a doctor without illness", Moliere fell to the ground with hemoptysis and died that night at the age of 5 1. His funeral was abandoned because of the obstruction of the church. Moliere left nearly 30 comedies to later generations, and more than 20 works were translated and published in China. Moliere is not only an outstanding playwright and director, but also an accomplished actor. He promoted the progress of drama all his life and exposed the darkness of society in a funny way. He is an outstanding representative of French classical literature and European Renaissance.

[Edit this paragraph] Life

1622 65438+1October 15 was born in a family of palace decorators in Paris, and his identity was "royal attendants". 1643, he gave up his hereditary rights and formed a "prestigious troupe" with his brothers and sisters in Behar to perform in Paris. 1644 took the stage name Moliere. 1645- 1658 led the troupe to tour all over France. From 1659, the troupe performed in Paris for a long time, and the period after that was also the climax of his creation. However, due to long-term fatigue, Moliere changed into a serious lung disease, and in 1662 he married a wife who was 20 years younger than him. 1673 February 17, he insisted on performing his own drama "moaning without illness" despite his illness. His various weak performances on the stage were regarded by the audience as real performances that were very in line with the content of the play and won warm applause. A few hours after the performance, Moliere died. When Moliere died, the funeral was very simple, only two priests attended, and there was no audience. It was held quietly after sunset. However, in any case, a performer was finally buried in the holy land! The next day, all Paris knew about it-a performer was buried in a religious shrine, and he didn't give up his career, and he didn't forgive him for performing and writing-which was an honor he won for art. .....

[Edit this paragraph] Creation

Moliere's comedies are diversified in variety and style. His comedies contain elements of burlesque, showing a serious attitude in humor and roughness. He advocates that works should be natural and reasonable, and emphasizes social effects for evaluation. His works created a precedent for classical comedy and greatly influenced the development of comedy and even the whole drama world. In France, he represents the "French spirit". His works have been translated into almost all important languages and often performed on the stage all over the world.

[Edit this paragraph] Main works

Ridiculous wisdom, Les Precious Ridcules (1659), hypocrite, Le Tartuffe, (1664), Don Juan, (1665), l'Ecole des femmes, a girls' school, (1662). Le misanthrophe( 1666), Miser, L'Avare, (1668), Mr. Pourceaugnac, Mr. de Pource, (655438).

[Edit this paragraph] Before death

On the evening of February 1673, 17, a comedy "moaning without illness" was staged in Paris Theatre, France, with the author himself as the protagonist. Before the performance, his wife earnestly advised him: "You are so ill, don't go on stage!" " "He replied," what can we do? If there is no performance for a day, how can the fifty poor brothers live? "In spite of his illness, he took part in the performance. The theater was packed with people. Moliere appeared and the audience applauded warmly. In the play, the "heart patient" is a charlatan with a doctor's sign. He doesn't pretend to be sick, but the person he plays is really sick, often frowning and coughing painfully. The audience thought Moliere's performance was realistic, so they applauded warmly. His life ended on the stage before the applause subsided because he coughed his throat. It is said that every time Moliere writes a play, he likes to read it to his maid first. The maid always says yes after listening. Moliere initially thought that the maid's cultural level was low, but it was just to please her master. Once, Moliere deliberately read a failed script to her, and the maid immediately opened her eyes and said, "This is not written by Mr.!" " "Moliere suddenly realized that the maid was already familiar with the style of his work. Moliere, formerly known as Jean-Baptiste Boquelin, was born in 1622,17th century French classical comedian. My father is a tapestry dealer and a court furniture dealer. His father once paid for the status of "servant of the king", hoping that Moliere would follow in his father's footsteps or become a lawyer. 1635, his father sent him to Clairmont middle school, a school for aristocratic children, 1638, and he passed the status of "the king's attendant" to his own name. 1639, after Moliere graduated from high school, his father bought him a master's degree in law from the University of Orleans. However, Moliere loved drama since childhood, but he didn't like business. 1643, at the age of 2/kloc-0, he left home to form a "Guangyao Troupe" and performed in Paris with a dozen young people including Behar's brothers and sisters. The performance failed and the troupe was heavily in debt. Moliere was detained for this and was later released on bail by his father. 1645, the troupe was dissolved, but Moliere was not discouraged by it. He and Behar's brothers and sisters joined another troupe, left Paris and wandered in the southwest of France 12 years. During this period, he lived among the people, became familiar with French society and people's lives, learned the farce that people loved and the Italian "impromptu comedy" famous for his acting skills, and became an excellent drama activist. After 1652, Moliere became the head of the troupe and began to write plays. 1655, his poetic comedy "Brave Man" was staged in Lyon. 1656, his poetic comedy "Complaints of Love" was staged in Bessel. His plays are welcomed by the audience, and the reputation of the troupe is booming, even famous in Paris. 1October 24th, 1658, 10, The Moliere Troupe was called to Paris to perform for Louis XIV in the Louvre, which was appreciated. Louis XIV ordered the Louvre Theatre to be assigned to his troupe. He has lived in Paris since then. 1659165438+1October 18, his "Funny Talented Woman" was staged, which was his first play in Paris and was aimed at the nobility. The script satirizes the style of the aristocratic salon and the bourgeois melodrama and affectation through the joke that two aristocratic youths proposed to a pair of bourgeois women from other provinces who like to imitate the aristocratic habits in Paris. The play was forced to stop after only one performance. After the dredging, the play has to start again. 166 1 year, the entrance hall of the Louvre was rebuilt, Moliere lost the theater, and the king assigned the palace theater to Moliere Theatre Company. Later, all his comedies were performed here. 166 1 The Husband's School and 1662' s The Lady's School are two comedies written by Moliere by applying classical creative principles. The performance of Ladies' School marks the birth of French classical comedy. Fu Xue raised the issue of women's education. In the play, the two brothers adopted two orphans respectively. A strict self-discipline, never relax every move, a natural development. As a result, the former education failed. The script opposes feudal ethics and advocates education that conforms to nature. Anis, a girl, lived in a monastery for 13 years and was discharged at the age of 17. She became an idiot who knew nothing. Anoff, the embodiment of her husband's power thought, wants such a woman to be his wife. But feudal shackles can't stand the impact of true love. Anis fell in love with young Horace and managed to escape from Anoff's family. After the performance of Ladies' School, it immediately caused an uproar in the society. The church and feudal guardians tried their best to attack the script and spread many rumors. Moliere wrote a play "Critical Criticism" to refute it. The rival troupe attacked Moliere and launched an offensive. Moliere did not show weakness, and wrote a play "Versailles Improvisation" to answer. From 65438 to 0664, Moliere's comedy creation entered its heyday, which was also the most intense period of his anti-feudalism and anti-church struggle. Apart from the most famous hypocrite (also translated as Darfur), Don Juan, World Hater, Miser and George Tangdan are all famous dramas of this period. "Don Juan" (also translated as "The Stone Banquet") borrows a legendary figure from Spain to expose the sins of French aristocrats. Don Juan, the protagonist, is elegant and chic on the surface and "free" in his heart. In fact, he does all kinds of evil. As his servant said, he is "the biggest villain that the world has never seen". On behalf of those big noble in the society at that time, he used his position and privilege to do evil and bully the weak and fear the hard. Don Juan is a unique work among Moliere's plays, with complex characters and varied plot positions, which does not conform to the "three unifications". The World Hater (also translated as Cynicism) is a masterpiece of five-act poetic comedy, which satirizes the whole aristocratic society and exposes the decadent aristocratic class and the selfish hypocrisy and intrigue within the aristocratic society. Arthas, the hero, doesn't like all this, but falls in love with Selimana, a coquettish widow who specializes in slandering others. He thought he could pair up when he met a bosom friend. But when he asked Selimana to abandon this selfish, vulgar and boring society, the other party could not bear to part ways with the society she vilified and had to break up. The five-act prose comedy "Miser" (also translated as "Miser") is regarded as a masterpiece with the same name as "hypocrite". Its main plot is derived from the work Jintan by Plautus, an ancient Roman comedian. The hero Abagong is a usurer. He is greedy and stingy, loves money like life, and has formed a sharp contradiction with his children. In order to save dowry, he wants his daughter to marry an old man over half a year old, and he wants his son to marry a widow. He wanted to marry a beautiful young girl without spending money, but his son, Panait Mariana Turner, the lover of crayons, turned against his father and son. Clayant's footman, Melus, had a clever plan. He stole Abagong's 10,000 gold coins buried in the garden and threatened him. Abagong found that the coin was lost. He chased after Valerie, the housekeeper, angrily and found that he was the lover of his daughter Alice. The crayon told Abagong that he would pay back ten thousand gold coins as long as he agreed to his marriage. At this time, Ansai came to sign the engagement, and found that Valle and Panait Mariana were a pair of children he had lost earlier. In order to fulfill their marriage, Ansai offered to bear all the wedding expenses, which made Abagong, a miser, agree to the marriage of two young people. After 1669, some changes have taken place in Moliere's creation. In terms of ideological content, we will continue to play the previous themes, and in terms of art, we will focus on the artistic tradition of folk burlesque, Mr. Bu Saunac and Ordinary Citizens Obsessed with Nobles (two dance comedies and two comedies mocking bourgeois vanity). They were created by Luli, an Italian, and were first staged in the palace. Mr Saunac is a rich man who came to Paris from other provinces and married a young lady, but in fact, this young lady has already had another lover. A group of hooligans surrounded the local rich man, followed him, played tricks on him and made fun of him. Instead, he regarded the person who played tricks on him as a great benefactor and reluctantly said goodbye to him when he fled. Jourdain Dunn, a wealthy Parisian businessman, was bent on becoming a nobleman, but he thought he was being played happily by others. If he can't be a native aristocrat, he is a fake aristocrat in Turkey. A character in the play proudly declared that "a rich and decent gentleman is much better than a dirty and poor aristocrat". After Moliere's death, Louis XIV asked boileau who gave him the greatest literary glory during his reign. Boylaud replied, "Your Majesty, it's Moliere." Moliere devoted his life to drama. After the establishment of the French Academy, Bualo, a classical literary theorist, was elected as an academician. He advised Moliere to give up his clown career and become an academician, winning the highest honor of the literati at that time, but Moliere politely declined. Moliere won his important position in the history of French and European literature with his outstanding achievements. Therefore, after Moliere's death, the French Academy erected a stone statue for him in the hall. On the base, it was engraved: His honor lacked everything, but our glory lacked him.

[Edit this paragraph] The movie of the same name

Foreign name Moliere More foreign titles: Moliere ... Spanish Moliere Director: Ariane Mnouchkine Screenwriter: Ariane Mnouchkine ... Starring: Philippe Caubère Philippe Caubère ... Jean-Baptiste Boquelin-di Moliere Marie-Fran? ois Odolan Marie-Fran? Oates O 'Dolente ... La Forest-La Servante Jonathan Sutton ... "Granci" Producer: claude lelouch, claude lelouch ... Producer: Le Movie 13 Original. Original Music: René Klemencic Photography Movie Y: Bernard Zizeman ... (Photography Director) Editing Film: Fran? Art Director of Cavit George Kloz, Vaz Province; Production Designer: Guy-Claude Fran? Ois Scenery Designer Scenery Decoration: Nikos Meletopoulos Costume Design: Daniel ogier Deputy Director/Assistant Director: Elie Chouraqui ... First Assistant Director Claire Luceran ... Second Assistant Director (Claire Luceran). Frederick Hickling ... Assistant Director Trainee Film Type: Plot/Biography Length: 260 min | France: 300 min (TV version) Country/Region: France/Italy released France1978 August 30th USA 1980 65438+1October Italy. Kloc-0/October 1 White language: French color: color format: 35 mm screen system mixed: monochrome shooting format: 35 mm printing format:.