abstract of a thesis

The New Trend of Landscape Design in Residential Areas

Environmental landscape plays an important role in residential areas. Urban people spend half or even two-thirds of their time in residential areas, and the quality of environmental landscape in residential areas directly affects people's psychological, physical and spiritual life. In the walkways, squares, rest and sightseeing spaces where people are active, creative design can endow the space with certain characteristics and leave a deep impression on people.

The landscape design of early residential areas is often simply understood as greening design, and the landscape layout is mainly landscaping. Landscape planning and design in residential area planning and design often becomes an accessory of architectural design, which is often ignored, and the environmental effect without in-depth design is inevitably unsatisfactory. Nowadays, the landscape environment of residential areas has been paid more and more attention by real estate developers and residents, and some new trends have appeared in the landscape of modern residential areas.

First, the composition of residential landscape

The use of landscape permeates almost every corner of the living environment. How to comprehensively select and rationally allocate these design elements in landscape design is the focus of landscape design.

afforest

Greening is the basic element of environmental landscape. In the past, the greening of residential areas was often "a peach blossom and a willow" along the river, which was satisfied with the low-level stage of "putting on greening and not seeing loess", with few characteristics and artistry. There are several trends in landscaping in modern residential areas: (1) Planting trees, shrubs, flowers and plants, Manila, Fire Phoenix and other grass-covered plants have created a lush plant background, dotted with ornamental tall trees such as Cinnamomum camphora, Magnolia grandiflora, palm and ginkgo biloba, as well as clustered spherical shrubs and colorful flowers, which are scattered and scattered, far and near, and dense and dense, full of green. (2) The combination of planting greening plane and three-dimensional changes the greening of residential areas from horizontal direction to horizontal and vertical combination. According to different greening positions, vertical greening can be divided into fence greening, balcony greening, roof greening, hanging greening and climbing greening. (3) Combine the practicality and artistry of planting and greening, pursue composition, color, contrast and texture, and form green landscapes such as green spots, green belts, green corridors, green slopes, green faces and green windows, while paying attention to the combined use with hard landscapes and the maintenance of greening. These have greatly enriched the connotation of greening in residential areas.

way

Roads are the framework of residential areas. On the one hand, it plays the role of diverting traffic and organizing living space. On the other hand, good road design itself constitutes a beautiful landscape in residential areas. Roads in residential areas are generally divided into roadways and sidewalks between houses according to their functions; According to paving materials, roads in residential areas can be divided into concrete roads, asphalt roads and all kinds of paved roads similar to stones. Roads in residential areas, especially between houses, often form the most basic landscape line in residential areas together with kerbs, kerbs, leisure chairs, plant arrangement and lamps. Therefore, when we design roads in residential areas, it is necessary to comprehensively consider horizontal curves, vertical curves, width and framing, paving materials, greening and decoration, etc., so as to endow roads with beautiful shapes. If the main roads in this area may be relatively straight, compressive materials such as concrete and asphalt should be laid; There are many kinds of roads between houses, which are paved with natural and quasi-natural materials such as slate, decorative concrete and pebbles.

A low stone wall that protects the dam from water erosion.

River revetment plays the role of flood control, flood discharge and revetment. In the design of hard landscape, if we can skillfully make a fuss about the form and material of revetment, control the speed of water flow through the width and shape of the river, create rapids, slow flows and still waters, and form a waterscape with dynamic and static combination, patchwork and natural and artificial blending, supplemented by decorations such as lights, fountains, greening and railings, we can form a multi-line and all-weather sign landscape in the area. For example, a bronze statue of "Mother and Child Drinking Horses" stands beside the pebbles and stone embankment in Suzhou "Century Garden", and the scene is harmonious and quiet.

pave a road

Square pavement is a place where people pass and stay in residential areas, and it is also a place where people are concentrated. In the planning and design, through the changes of height difference, material, color, texture and pattern, charming pavement and site landscape are created. At present, there are several paving materials in residential areas, such as square bricks, stones, concrete blocks, decorative concrete, pebbles, wood and so on. Excellent hard floor paving is often ingenious and full of decorative beauty. For example, a decorative concrete square in a residential area is embedded with children's footprints, which has a strong sense of direction and interest. It is worth mentioning that the "dry landscape" technique in modern gardens originated in Japan, and it is a relatively novel paving technique to create an image similar to a stream with quartz sand, pebbles and stones, which is quite ornamental.

sketch

Sketches play an important role in the hard landscape of residential areas, and carefully designed sketches often become the focus of people's vision and become the logo of residential areas. (1) Sculpture sketch. Sculpture sketch can be divided into abstract sculpture and concrete sculpture, and the materials used are stone carving, steel carving, bronze carving, wood carving and FRP carving. Sculpture design should be coordinated with the style and theme of the base environment and residential area, and excellent sculpture sketches often play the role of making the finishing point and activating the space atmosphere. In addition, it is worth mentioning that the "scene sculpture" which is widely used now shows a touching moment in people's daily life and is thought-provoking. Hundreds of surnames are engraved on three screen steel plates designed by Suzhou Du Ming Garden Activity Square. The light shadow of the sun reflects black and white handwriting on the ground, just like a calligraphy work. Children look for their surnames under the guidance of adults, and sculpture has a good landscape effect. Another example is the abstract sculpture of "more than one year" at the entrance of "Xinsheng Xinyuan" in Suzhou Housing Project, which expresses people's good wishes for a happy and healthy life and fits the theme of "living and working in peace and contentment". (2) Horticultural sketch. Garden sketch is an indispensable part of greening landscape. In Suzhou classical gardens, banana, Taihu stone, flower windows, stone tables and chairs, couplets, curved bridges, etc. are the elements of classical gardening. Nowadays, in the landscaping of residential areas, garden sketches tend to be diversified. A landscape wall, a small pavilion, a dried-up pool, a flower stand, piles of stones, flowerpots full of modern charm and chairs can all become wonderful scenery in modern gardening, some are ornamental decorations, and some are "residential furniture" for leisure use. (3) Sketch of facilities. There are many public facilities convenient for people to use in residential areas, such as street lamps, signs, mailboxes, trash cans, bulletin boards, cell boards, telephone booths, bicycle sheds and so on. For example, there are street lights, square lights, lawn lights, door lights, floodlights, building outline lights, advertising neon lights and so on. Only street lamps can be divided into main street lamps and courtyard lamps. These lamps are more and more beautiful and exquisite in shape, and can also be combined with hanging flower baskets and flags to become exquisite decorations in residential areas. The above sketches, if carefully designed, can also become a bright spot in the living environment, reflecting the design of "seeing the spirit in detail".

Second, the new trend of residential landscape design

In recent years, the concept of real estate management has changed, and concept real estate (theme real estate) has begun to appear, such as landscape theme real estate, environmental theme real estate, cultural theme real estate, leisure theme real estate and intelligent theme real estate. Real estate marketing has shifted from simply selling real estate to paying more attention to the environment and culture and advocating a new lifestyle in the community. Looking at the changing situation of the property market, it is found that landscape is an eternal theme. Compared with tradition, there are some new trends in the environmental landscape of modern residential areas:

Emphasize the enjoyment of environmental landscape. This is the characteristic of residential commercialization, so every house should get a good landscape environment effect. First of all, we should emphasize the good enjoyment of environmental resources in residential areas, and create artificial landscapes by using the existing natural environment as much as possible in planning, so that all households can enjoy these beautiful environments in a balanced way; Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen the courtyard space with strong enclosing function, different forms, rich environmental elements, safety and tranquility, and achieve good results in the field of ownership, thus creating a warm, simple and peaceful home environment.

Emphasize the cultural nature of environmental landscape. Advocating history and culture is a major feature of residential landscape design in recent years. Developers and designers no longer mechanically separate residential buildings from the environmental landscape, but begin to plan and plan residential areas under the cultural background, and express the continuity of history and culture through architecture and environmental art, such as "Baidanghai Family" in Hangzhou, "Landscape in the South of the Yangtze River" in Suzhou, "Jin Huayuan" and "Jia 'an Garden", all of which are in-depth excavations of traditional culture, thus developing pure Chinese-style works with a sense of history and fashion.

Emphasize the artistry of environmental landscape. Before the 1990s, when the "European style" influenced the design and construction of residential areas, European-style environmental landscapes prevailed, such as large-scale ornamental lawns, patterned flower beds, regular and symmetrical road networks, Roman colonnades, European-style shapes, fountains and European-style statues. After the 1990s, the environmental landscape of residential areas began to pay attention to people's rising aesthetic needs, showing a diversified development trend, advocating simple and lively landscape design style. At the same time, the environmental landscape pays more attention to the comfort of residents' lives, which is not only appreciated but also used by people. Creating natural, comfortable, close and pleasant landscape space is another trend of residential landscape design.

Third, the planning and design of residential landscape.

Planning and design process

In order to create high-quality residential landscape with aesthetic connotation, we should pay attention to the unity of aesthetic style and cultural connotation when designing residential environmental landscape. It is worth pointing out that in the specific design process, landscape is basically a matter in the field of architectural design, and landscape designers often complete the layout of green plants. Although this model can give full play to the advantages of specialization, if there is no communication, it will split the close relationship between architecture, landscape and garden, leading to disharmony between architecture and landscape design. 1957, the American "father of landscape" who designed new york Central Park initiated the concept of "landscape architecture". Since then, landscape architecture has become a professional research object. In recent years, overseas firms have also brought this concept to the planning and design of residential areas. Its biggest feature is to plan and conceive the overall style of residential area at the beginning of residential area planning and design, conduct special research on the environmental landscape of residential area, put forward the conceptual planning of landscape, and grasp the design points of hard landscape from the beginning. In the specific design process, landscape designers, construction engineers and developers should always communicate and coordinate, so that the style of landscape design can be integrated into the overall design of residential areas. Therefore, landscape design should be an interactive process among developers, architects, landscape designers and urban residents.

Planning and design principles

The landscape design of residential area includes the research and utilization of the natural conditions of the base, the treatment and display of the spatial relationship, and the integration and coordination with the overall style of residential area. Including road layout, waterscape organization, pavement paving, lighting design, sketch design, public facilities treatment and so on, these aspects have both functional significance and visual and psychological feelings. In landscape design, we should pay attention to the combination of integrity, practicality, artistry and interest. It is embodied in the following aspects:

1. Principles of spatial organization

Landscape design must echo the theme of the overall style of residential design, and hard landscape should be coordinated with soft landscape such as greening. Different residential design styles will produce different landscape configuration effects. Modern gardening techniques are suitable for modern style houses, while gardening ideas and techniques with local characteristics and historical language are suitable for local style houses. Of course, the general laws of urban design and landscape design, such as landscape, axis, nodes, paths, visual corridors, space opening and closing, are universal. At the same time, landscape design should organize the space according to its openness and privacy. If public space serves residents in residential areas, landscape design should pursue the effect of openness, generosity and leisure; Private space serves the residents living in a certain area, and landscape design must reflect the meaning of quietness, romance and warmth.

2. The principle of embodying local characteristics

Landscape design should fully reflect the local characteristics and the natural characteristics of the base. China has a vast territory, and the characteristics of natural areas and cultural areas are quite different. The landscape design of residential areas should grasp these characteristics and create an environment with local characteristics. For example, Qingdao, "clear water, blue sky, white walls and red tiles" embodies the characteristics of coastal cities; Haikou's "Coconut Wind and Sea Rhyme" is a southern style; Chongqing, strewn at random, should be the characteristics of the mountain city; In Suzhou, "small bridges and flowing water" is the charm of Jiangnan water town. At the same time, the landscape of residential areas should also make full use of the topographic features in the region to create creative and personalized landscape space.

3. The principle of using modern materials

The selection of materials is an important part of the landscape design of residential areas, and local common materials should be used as much as possible to reflect the local natural characteristics. There are several trends in the use of materials, including (1) the use of non-standard manufacturing materials, (2) the use of composite materials, (3) the use of special materials, such as glass, fluorescent paint and PVC materials, (4) giving full play to the characteristics and true colors of materials, (5) paying attention to the expression of colors, and (DIY) the use of materials. Of course, we should also consider the needs of specific lots and the needs of owners. The design of environmental landscape must also pay attention to the convenience of operation and maintenance. It often happens that a good design is gradually destroyed due to inconvenient maintenance after completion. Therefore, the convenience of maintenance should be considered in the design to ensure a high-quality environment.

4. The principle of point-surface combination

The point in the environmental landscape is the highlight of the whole environmental design. These point elements run through the interwoven linear elements such as roads and rivers, and the scattered landscape elements make the space of residential areas orderly. At the entrance or center of residential area, the interweaving and collision of lines form the concept of surface, which is the climax of landscape gathering in the whole residential area. The landscape series combining point, line and surface is the basic principle of landscape design in residential areas. In the planning of modern residential areas, it is difficult for traditional spatial layout to form creative landscape space. It is necessary to organically integrate people and landscape, build a brand-new spatial network: (1) land-friendly space, increase the opportunities for residents to contact the ground, and create outdoor venues and various forms of roof gardens suitable for all kinds of people's activities. (2) Hydrophilic space, the hard landscape of residential areas should fully tap the connotation of water, reflect the oriental water control culture, and create a place where people can be hydrophilic, see, listen and play with water. (3) Pro-green space, combining soft and hard landscape organically, making full use of garage, terrace, sloping land, front and back of the house to construct a vibrant natural green environment. (4) parent-child space. In residential areas, the venues and facilities for children's activities should be fully considered to cultivate children's friendship, cooperation and adventurous spirit.

Four. conclusion

Hard landscape design of residential area is a relatively new professional field, which is a combination of technology and art, and is inseparable from architectural design and garden design. Nowadays, more and more attention is paid to the environment of residential areas, and so is the design of environmental landscape. Its design principles, concepts and techniques are worthy of serious study and research.