How to learn composition well in painting

(1) Jiugongge composition

Jiugongge's composition, also called TIC-tac-toe composition, is actually a form of the golden section, as mentioned earlier. It is to divide the picture into nine blocks on average, and arrange the themes at any point in the four corners of the central block. In fact, these points are in line with the "golden section law" and are the best locations. Of course, balance, contrast and other factors should also be considered. This composition can present changes and movements, and the picture is full of vitality. These four points also have different visual senses. The top two points are more energetic than the bottom, and the left side is stronger than the right side. Pay attention to the problem of visual balance.

(2) Cross composition

Cross-shaped composition is to divide the picture into four parts, that is, draw two lines horizontally and vertically through the center of the picture, and the intersection of the centers is based on the position of the subject. This kind of composition increases the sense of security, peace, solemnity and mystery of the picture, but also has some unfavorable factors such as rigidity. But it is suitable for symmetrical composition, such as the theme of ancient buildings, which can produce a central perspective effect. Such as the embodiment of mystery, mainly in cross, church and other photography. So different themes choose different expressions.

(3) Triangular composition

Triangular composition, in which the subject in the picture is placed in a triangle or the image itself forms a triangle, is a visual induction method. If there is a triangle formed by a shape or a shadow, if it is a naturally formed linear structure, the main body can be arranged in the center of the hypotenuse of the triangle in order to make a breakthrough. But the effect is the best only when panoramic view is used. Triangular composition produces a sense of stability, while inversion is unstable. Can be used for close-up people, close-up and other different scenes of photography.

(4) Three-point composition

Triangular composition refers to the horizontal division of the picture into three parts, and each sub-center can be put together with the main form, which is suitable for the main body with multi-form parallel focus. It can also represent large space, small objects, and vice versa. This composition is vivid and concise. It can be used in different scenes such as close range.

(5) Type A composition

A-shaped composition refers to arranging the structure of the picture in an A-shaped form in the picture. A-type composition has a strong sense of stability, upward impact and strong visual orientation. It can show this form of tall natural objects and their own existence. If the performance object is placed at the junction of the top of the A word, it is mandatory visual guidance at this time. It is not enough to pay attention to this point. The change of different tilt angles in A-shaped composition can produce different dynamic effects of the picture, with novel form and clear main direction. But it is also a difficult method to master and needs experience accumulation.

(6)S-shaped combination

S-shaped composition gives full play to the aesthetic feeling of the picture, which is first reflected in the aesthetic feeling of the curve. S-shaped composition has strong dynamic effect, which is both dynamic and stable. All kinds of pictures can be selected according to the subject matter. The best effect is to express the natural ups and downs of themes, such as mountains, rivers and regions. It can also show many curves of human body, animals, objects and various natural and artificial forms. Generally speaking, the S-shaped composition extends from the lower left corner to the upper right corner of the picture.

(7)V-shaped structure

V-shaped composition is the most varied composition method, and its main changes are directional arrangement, upside down and horizontal, but in any case, the intersection point must be centripetal. V-shaped dual-purpose can fundamentally change the nature of single use. When used alone, the picture is unstable, and when used twice, it has both centripetal force and stability. Positive V-shaped composition is generally used in the foreground, as the frame structure of the foreground, highlighting the main body.

(8)C-shaped composition

C-shaped composition has the characteristics of curve beauty, can produce variable visual focus, and the picture is concise and clear. However, when arranging the subject and object, it must be arranged at the C-shaped gap, so that human vision can move to the subject and object with the arc. C-shaped composition can be adjusted in any direction. Generally speaking, it is mostly used for industrial and architectural themes.

(9)O-shaped combination

O-shaped composition, also known as circular composition, is the visual center formed by arranging the subjects on the center of the circle. A circular composition can be composed of an outer circle and an inner circle. The outer circle is a natural solid structure, the inner circle is a hollow structure such as pipes and steel pipes, and the outer circle is a composition of the shape of solid circular objects (usually large and grouped), which mainly shows the changing effect of the main bodies arranged in the circle. The visual perspective produced by the composition of the inner ring is shocking. The viewpoint arrangement can be a composition structure formed in the center of the picture, or it can deviate from the direction in the center, such as the upper left corner, to produce a sense of movement. The sense of movement generated below is small but the sense of stability is enhanced.

If the combination of overlapping inner rings is adopted, the light and shadow perspective effect of multi-circle chain can be produced, which is exciting. If combined with regular curves, the effect will be stronger, such as the double track in the gun bore, which is both beautiful and visually oriented.

(10) w-shaped combination

W-shaped composition, excellent stability, very suitable for close-up shooting. It can play a good role in dealing with the background and prospect. Using this composition, we should seek small changes and visual perception.

(1 1) oral ingredients

Mouth-shaped composition, also known as frame composition, is generally used for foreground composition, such as using doors, windows, holes and other frames as the foreground to express the main body and clarify the environment. This composition is in line with people's visual experience, which makes people feel that they are watching images through doors and windows. The sense of space and perspective that produces reality is very strong.

Second, the formal beauty of linear composition structure

Linear composition is one of the main methods commonly used in photography. "Line" is not only an objective visual phenomenon, but also a basic visual element. In composition, it can divide the picture, create areas, produce rhythm and show various symbolic functions.

The characteristics of thread are as follows: thick thread is strong and thin thread is slender; The curve is gentle and the straight line is rigid; Thick line is heavy, thin line is light; The solid line is static and the dotted line is moving.

Such as: vertical line, symbolizing strength, solemnity and strength; The horizontal line symbolizes tranquility, broadness and broadness; Slant lines symbolize dynamic and unstable feelings, which is also acceptable. Because of this, the diagonal line leads to the distance, which shows a deep effect here. Curves symbolize softness, romance and elegance, which will give people a very beautiful feeling. .

(1) golden section

The golden section has been discussed before, and here is mainly the application of linear structure to enhance the impression of the golden section in a linear form.

In news photography, we often encounter natural or artificial linear images, such as all kinds of linear images formed in nature, ranging from the horizon, rivers, mountains and rivers to the physical structures such as trees, leaves, flowers, animals and insects, especially the relationship between human bodies. In the artificial environment, it can also be seen everywhere, such as doors and windows, outer boundaries, wires, canals, cabinets and desks of buildings; Books, newspapers, magazines, etc. ; Therefore, the application of golden section in linear composition of news photography is an effective method to reflect aesthetic feeling.

(2) Diagonal composition

This is a very famous composition expression. When the corner lines are composed in the picture, the diagonal relationship formed by the lines makes the picture have a strong dynamic form, showing a deep effect. Its perspective will also turn the subject into a diagonal line and lead people's eyes to the depths of the picture. In the composition of photographic pictures, in addition to obvious diagonal lines, there are also diagonal lines that people feel visually, which are manifested in the shape, tone and light of the body to produce visual abstract lines. Therefore, the grasp of linearity is the key to the use of lines in photographic composition.

(1) horizontal line

The use of horizontal lines can produce symbolic meanings such as tranquility, openness and broadness in the picture, but a single horizontal line is easy to split the picture. In fact, horizontal lines often appear in photography, such as the horizon. Therefore, it is forbidden to cross the horizontal line from the center in photographic composition. In general, you can move up and down to avoid the central position, or the "breaking" in photography is to arrange a shape at a certain point on the horizontal line so that the horizontal line breaks a section. This single horizontal line is more difficult to master, while the combination of multiple horizontal lines is easier to master and very interesting in photography. For example, when multiple horizontal lines occupy the screen, you can arrange the main position on a section of some lines, which will interrupt some horizontal lines. This method has prominent subject and rich decorative effect.

(4) Vertical line composition

The composition of vertical lines is more varied than that of horizontal lines, and single lines have the same shortcomings as horizontal lines. But there are relatively more changes when there are multiple lines. Such as symmetrical arrangement perspective, multi-row perspective, etc. Sometimes, it can produce unimaginable effects.

Vertical lines symbolize firmness, solemnity and strength; Its photography faces a more natural vertical line rather than a horizontal line. Such as trees, poles, pillars and so on. The change effect produced by vertical lines is very striking.

(5) Curve composition

Curves included in curve composition include regular curves and irregular curves. Curves symbolize softness, romance and elegance, which will give people a very beautiful feeling. Curves are widely used in photography. For example, human photography is to present the curvaceous beauty of the human body. The texture of expression can produce beautiful pictures. Pay special attention to the direction of the overall axis of the curve when using composition. Its manifestations are varied, such as oblique, S-shaped, horizontal and vertical. In addition, the comprehensive application of curves and other lines can also produce outstanding results, but it is more difficult to grasp.

(6) the composition of irregular lines

The composition of irregular lines is troublesome. If you don't master it well, it's easy to mess up the picture. Irregular lines have various properties. Such as disorder, abstraction, rationality, mystery, etc. A single irregular line segment also has visual guidance, which will produce strange picture effects if used properly. If the whole picture is filled with chaotic and irregular lines, then arranging the simple subject form in the appropriate position of the picture will have a strong contrast effect and present an abstract and mysterious picture atmosphere.