What are the characteristics of Wulingyuan Scenic Area?

Wulingyuan scenic spot in Hunan province

Wulingyuan Scenic Spot was listed on the World Heritage List in 1992 and 65438+February. ?

Wulingyuan is located in the Wuling Mountain area in the northwest of Hunan Province, China. It consists of Zhangjiajie, Tianzi Mountain and Suoxiyu, with a Fiona Fang of 369 square kilometers, which is under the jurisdiction of Zhangjiajie City. Hundreds of millions of years ago, it used to be a rough ocean. Years are long, and things are different. The "Yanshan Movement" with infinite natural forces gradually pushed this place into land, mountains and rivers, and then "chiseled through" and "finely carved" with exquisite craftsmanship, thus forming today's sandstone, peak forest and canyon landforms with primitive ecosystems, forming a unique natural landscape with gurgling streams, towering peaks and jagged rocks. ?

The main landscape is seasonal sandstone peak forest landform, and there are 3 103 strange peaks in the territory, which are spectacular in different postures. In addition, ravines are criss-crossed, streams are densely covered, forests are dense and inaccessible, the forest coverage rate reaches 85%, the vegetation coverage rate reaches 99%, there are more than 3,000 kinds of middle and higher plants, more than 700 kinds of trees and as many as 450 kinds of ornamental garden flowers. 50 families 1 16 species of terrestrial vertebrates. The underground caves in the area are beaded with jade, and the initial length of the developed Huanglong Cave is 1 1 km. ?

Wulingyuan is a collection of "steep mountains, strange peaks, beautiful water, secluded gorge and beautiful caves", with 5,000 rock peaks of different shapes standing in deep valleys. 800 streams meander through the Stone Forest Canyon. There are Yubi Peak, Baofeng Lake, Huanglong Cave with "a big hole in the ground and a big sky" and towering Golden Whip Rock ... Whether you are exploring in the Range Rover and Jin Bianxi in Huangshi Village, exploring in Shentang Bay, enjoying the scenery in Shili Bookstore, or watching clouds of sand Daogou ........................ in the West Sea?

Wulingyuan is a fairyland on earth, a treasure house of green plants, a paradise for wild animals and rich in resources. There are patches of primitive secondary forests, exotic flowers and herbs such as Davidia involucrata, Ginkgo biloba, Metasequoia glyptostroboides and lobster flowers, as well as rare birds and animals such as macaques, civets, pheasants and golden pheasants ... Wulingyuan is mysterious and natural. ?

Wulingyuan has "five wonders": strange peaks, strange rocks, canyons, beautiful waters and caves. ?

Wulingyuan's unique seasonal sandstone peak forest is rare at home and abroad, making it an extraordinary scenic spot. In an area of more than 360 square kilometers, according to aerial survey, there are more than 3000 peaks, 1000 more than 400 meters vertical. The peak stones here are different from other places, standing upright and dense. Those abrupt rock walls and peaks, like silks and bamboo shoots, are like soft screens, one after another, stretching for thousands of hectares, giving people a magnificent feeling. There are more than 80 observation platforms in Tian Zi and Zhangjiajie, where you can watch. The names of many peak stones, ranging from Shentang Bay and West Sea Scroll to Goddess Offering Flowers, Qu Zi Ling Xing and Luohan Peak, also give people a wild imagination. ?

Whenever the rain clears or the rainy weather continues, the faint valley produces clouds and clouds, and the mountains are surrounded by clouds. The sea of clouds is thick and light, the stone peaks are hidden and present, and the scene changes. On sunny days, fog makes hard peaks charming, elegant and mysterious. The best season to watch fog is summer. Tian Zi is the best place to watch fog, and it is also the place where photographers often set foot. ?

Wulingyuan water turns around the mountain. It is said that Zhangjiajie alone has "800 miles of beautiful water", and many waterfalls, springs, streams, ponds and lakes are wonderful. Water makes the mountains more lively. Jin Bianxi is a long river more than ten kilometers long. You can walk from Zhangjiajie along the stream to Suoxiyu, slowly flow through Zhicaotan, Tiaoyutan, Nanmuping and Tianzizhou, and finally flow into Lishui from Suoxiyu. The canyons on both sides of the strait confront each other, and the red rocks and green trees reflect the streams. Walking on the path by the stream is cool all the way. Step on the stone steps of the wooden bridge, watch the fish pond play in the water, and listen to the sound of cuckoo echoing in the valley. ?

The caves here are also very distinctive, with a large number and scale. The famous Huanglong Cave, Guanyin Cave, Xiangshui Cave, Qiuci Cave, Feiyun Cave and Luojin Cave are seven and a half kilometers long. The cave is divided into four floors, including a reservoir, two rivers, three waterfalls, four pools, thirteen halls and ninety-six corridors. "Ice Bell", "Bamboo Lining Road" and "Dragon Palace Dance" are the essence of Huanglong Cave. ?

Wulingyuan is full of mountains and plains, and there are dense forests everywhere. The forests that have grown for thousands of years have never been cut down, and the forest coverage rate is as high as 97.9%. Even a lonely stone peak stands a few pine trees. Large areas of primitive secondary forests cover the sky, and ancient plants such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Ginkgo biloba, Davidia involucrata and lobster flower, which are called living fossils, abound; Rare birds and animals such as pheasant, pangolin, monkey-faced eagle, red-billed lovebird, macaque, flying tiger, python and so on. Haunt the forest. In the early 1980s, when experts visited Wulingyuan, they lamented that it was a "refuge" for animals and a "gene bank" for plants. ?

Wulingyuan has a mild and rainy climate, with no heat and cold, and the annual average temperature is around 15 degrees. This microclimate provides a good habitat for animals and plants. ?

It is the simple pastoral scenery that contrasts with the natural scenery. Wulingyuan is a settlement of Tujia, Bai and Miao ethnic minorities. Terraces and houses are dotted among green mountains and green waters, with green trees and smoke. If you are lucky enough to catch up with local festivals, you can also enjoy folk songs and dances. Together with the mountains and dense forests of Wulingyuan, it constitutes a primitive and boundless picture scroll. ?

Wulingyuan consists of three scenic spots:? Tianzishan Nature Reserve and Suoxiyu Nature Reserve in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park

wulingyuen scenik and historik interest area

[Edit this paragraph] Wulingyuan Scenic Area (WLYFJNSQ)

Wulingyuan Scenic Area is a world natural heritage, a world geological park and a national 5A scenic spot. It also includes Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, Suoxiyu Nature Reserve, Tianzishan Nature Reserve and Yang Jiajie Nature Reserve.

Wulingyuan is famous for its strange peaks, rocks, canyons, beautiful water and caves. There are 5000 stone peaks of different shapes standing in deep valleys. 800 streams meander through the Stone Forest Canyon.

Whether exploring secluded places in the Range Rover and Jin Bianxi in Huangshizhai Village, exploring in Shentang Bay, picking up fun in Shili Gallery, or watching clouds and sand in the West Sea, it is fascinating and picturesque.

◎ UNESCO World Heritage Committee evaluation

Wulingyuan is located in Hunan Province in central China, with a continuous area of over 26,000 hectares. The most unique landscape in the scenic spot is more than 3,000 tapering sandstone columns and peaks, most of which are more than 200 meters high. Between the peaks, ravines and canyons crisscross, streams, ponds and waterfalls can be seen everywhere, and there are more than 40 caves and two huge natural stone bridges in the scenic area. In addition to the fascinating natural landscape, the area is also famous for protecting a large number of endangered animal and plant species.

[Edit this paragraph] ◎ General? situation

Wulingyuan Scenic Area, located in the northwest of Hunan Province in central China, consists of Zhangjiajie Forest Park, Suoxiyu Nature Reserve in Cili County and Tianzishan Nature Reserve in Sangzhi County, with a total area of about 500 square kilometers. Recently, a new scenic spot was discovered in Yang Jiajie. ?

Wulingyuan Scenic Spot is a newly discovered scenic spot in the early 1980s. The scenery here has not been artificially carved, and there are stone pillars, broken ridges and steep cliffs, ancient and famous trees, clouds, waterfalls, rare birds and animals everywhere. Being in it is like being in a magical world, a natural and interesting art landscape corridor. ?

The unique seasonal sandstone peak forest in Wulingyuan is rare at home and abroad. There are more than 3,000 peaks in an area of more than 360 square kilometers. These abrupt rock peaks are endless and mountainous. Whenever the rain clears or the rainy weather continues, the clouds in the valley wander among the mountains, the sea of clouds is thick and light, the stone peaks are looming, and the scene is ever-changing. ?

Wulingyuan water turns around the mountain. It is said that Zhangjiajie alone has "800 miles of beautiful water", and many waterfalls, springs, streams, ponds and lakes are wonderful. Jin Bianxi is a stream more than ten kilometers long. You can walk along the stream from Zhangjiajie to Suoxiyu. The canyons on both sides of the strait face each other, and the mountains and rivers are reflected in the streams, which has a unique flavor. ?

There are many caves in Wulingyuan, which are large in scale and rich in characteristics. The most famous one is "Huanglong Cave" in Suoxiyu. Huanglong Cave, with a total length of 7.5 kilometers and four floors, is one of the most famous tourist attractions in Wulingyuan.

[Edit this paragraph] ◎ Natural heritage

Geological features with outstanding value?

Wulingyuan is located in the third uplift zone of New China in the regional tectonic system. In the long geological history, it experienced Wuling Xuefeng period, Indosinian period, Yanshan period, Xishan period and neotectonic movement. The movement of Wuling Xuefeng laid the basement structure in this area. The Indosinian movement shaped the basic tectonic landscape pattern in this area, and Himalayan movement and neotectonic movement were one of the most basic internal factors that formed the unique seasonal sandstone peak forest landscape in Wulingyuan. ?

The strata that constitute the sandstone peak forest landform are mainly composed of Yuntaiguan Formation and Huangjiadun Formation of Middle and Upper Devonian in Upper Paleozoic, and the strata are characterized by coastal clastic rocks. The rocks are pure and thick, the bottom is flat, vertical joints are developed, and the rocks are exposed in syncline outline, which reflects the special geological and structural environment and basic conditions for the formation of sandstone peak forest landscape. Water erosion and gravity collapse caused by external geological activities, as well as biochemical and physical weathering of organisms, are essential external conditions for shaping Wulingyuan landscape. Therefore, its formation is the result of long-term interaction between internal and external geological gravity in a specific geological environment. ?

Strange and colorful landscape?

Seasonal sandstone peak forest landform: Wulingyuan * * * has 3 103 stone peaks, which are distributed at an altitude of 500 ~ 1 100 meters, with heights ranging from tens of meters to 400 meters. LAM Raymond's modeling landscape is perfect, if people, gods, immortals, birds, animals and things change greatly. The landform of seasonal sandstone peak forest in Wulingyuan is characterized by pure stone thickness. The timely content is 75% ~ 95%, and the rock thickness is over 520 meters. The layered structure with interbedded layers, that is, thick timely sandstone with thin layer and extremely thin mica siltstone or shale, is beneficial to natural modeling and sculpture and enhances the sense of image. The outcrop syncline of rock stratum has a gentle contour (5 ~ 8, local maximum 20), which increases the stability of rock and provides a prerequisite for the emergence of peak forest. Vertical joints are developed in the rock strata, which are characterized by equal spacing, and the spacing is generally 15 to more than 20 meters, which provides conditions for shaping various peak forest landforms and deep valleys. ?

Based on the above factors, combined with the intermittent uplift and inclination of regional neotectonic movement, water erosion and cutting, gravity, physical weathering, biochemistry and root division, the mountain formed a peak forest according to a complex natural evolution process, showing high, flat and steep wall characteristics. ?

Structural dissolution landform: Wulingyuan structural dissolution landform is mainly exposed in Permian and Triassic carbonate rock distribution areas, covering an area of 30.6 square kilometers, which can be divided into five subtypes, and can be called a typical representative of "Xiangxi type" karst landscape. The main forms are dissolved particles, dissolved marks, caves, dissolved buckets, dissolved ditches, dissolved troughs, stone buds, buried stone buds, stone forests, caves, depressions, stone films, funnels, sinkholes, shafts, skylights, undercurrents, underground rivers, karst springs and so on. Karst caves are mainly concentrated in the north side of Suoxiyugou and the southeast edge of Tianzi Mountain, with a total number of dozens. Huanglong Cave is the most typical cave, known as the "treasure house of cave research", which has special sightseeing and exploration value in cave research. ?

Denudation structure landform: distributed in Silurian clastic rock area, see Class Sanya: mountain landform in clastic rock, distributed from Majing Street to Baihutang and Chaotianguan to Dajian on the periphery of seasonal sandstone peak forest landscape; Liyuling V Valley Zhongshan landform, distributed in Hu Ping, Shi Jiayu, Huangjiaping and other places; Clastic rocks are low mountain landforms, distributed at the outer edge of Zhongshan, with a gentle slope and a V-shaped valley. ?

Valley erosion and accumulation landform: This type can be divided into piedmont diluvial fan, terrace and Gao Man beach. The former is distributed in Shaping Village and developed in the area of Chaqiyu-Shi Jiayu Yukou; There are two terraces on both banks of the Suoxi River. The second terrace is a pedestal terrace, which is 3- 10 meters higher than the river surface. As for the military terrace, Gao Man Beach, covering an area of 4-5 square kilometers, is developed along the home. ?

A complete ecosystem?

Wulingyuan is located at the edge of the western plateau subregion and the eastern hilly plain subregion, with Hubei in the northeast, Shennongjia in the west and Fanjingshan in the southwest. Biological infiltration and rich species, especially the complex terrain, deep slopes, mild climate, abundant rainfall and lush forests here provide good environmental conditions for the survival and reproduction of many species. In addition, Wulingyuan is inconvenient in transportation, sparsely populated, less disturbed by human activities, and has preserved rich biological resources, making it a concentrated distribution area for many offspring plants and rare animals and plants in China. According to textual research, Wulingyuan has never experienced major climate anomalies, soil erosion, rock collapse or forest diseases and insect pests in the past 100 years, which proves that Wulingyuan has maintained a reasonable and complete ecosystem and has extremely important scientific research value. ?

Wulingyuan is rich in plant resources: among many plants, Wulingyuan pine has the widest distribution, the largest number and the most peculiar shape, and has the reputation of "Wulingyuan has 3,000 peaks and 108,000 pines per peak". ?

Ancient trees are "living cultural relics" in natural heritage. Wulingyuan ancient and famous trees have the characteristics of ancient, large, rare, strange and numerous. Shentang Bay and Heishannao have well-preserved virgin forests. An ancient ginkgo tree in Zhangjiajie Village is 44 meters high and DBH 1.59 meters high. It is called a living fossil in the natural heritage. Davidia involucrata grows in Yaozizhai, which is a national first-class protected precious trees. These plant germplasm resources have high scientific research value, and their living environment, forest structure, protection and preservation are all important research topics. ?

Precious wild rare animals: Wulingyuan belongs to the Oriental realm and Central China in animal geographical distribution, and is located at the edge of the dividing line between the western mountainous plateau subregion and the eastern hilly plain subregion. The terrain here is complex, the climate is mild and the rainfall is abundant. After long-term erosion and weathering, seasonal sandstone forms huge peaks and rocks, with deep slopes and dense forests, creating good environmental conditions for the survival and reproduction of animals. According to the preliminary investigation, there are 50 families 1 16 species of terrestrial vertebrates, including 3 species of first-class protected animals and 0 species of second-class protected animals in the national list of key protected animals. In Wulingyuan animal world, there are many macaques. According to preliminary observation and statistics, there are more than 300 macaques. The big gills called "giant salamander" by local people can be seen everywhere in streams, springs and ponds. Studying the role of animal ecology in Wulingyuan ecosystem and its relationship is of great scientific value for protecting animals and maintaining ecological balance. ?

Rare geological relic landscape?

The sand lines in Devonian strata on the echo wall of Wulingyuan and the wave marks on rock paintings near Tiaoyutan are rare geological relics, which are not only for visiting, but also evidence for studying the ancient environment and land-sea changes. Coral fossils distributed in the Permian strata of Tianzishan are shaped like turtle's back, so they are called "turtle's grain stone", which is an excellent material for carving various handicrafts. ?

Colorful climate landscape?

Wulingyuan, spring, summer, autumn and winter, cloudy, sunny, morning and evening, the climate is myriad. Clouds are the most common meteorological wonders in Wulingyuan, including clouds, clouds, clouds, waterfalls and clouds. At the beginning of the rain, it was foggy, then it turned into white clouds, ethereal and ups and downs, and the peaks appeared and disappeared in the boundless sea of clouds, such as Penglai Xiandao and Yuqionglou. Sometimes the sea of clouds rises above the peak, and then falls into the waterfall with overwhelming momentum, which is spectacular. (Source: National Cultural Heritage Administration website)?

World Natural Heritage, World Geopark, National 5A? The first-class tourist area and the national civilized scenic spot are located in Wulingyuan District, Zhangjiajie City, 36 kilometers away from Zhangjiajie City. Zhangjiajie Railway Station on Liu Jiao Railway connects all parts of China, and Zhangjiajie Airport has opened flights to Hongkong, Macau, Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Xiamen, Qingdao, Fuzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, Wuhan, Xi and Nanjing? 20? Changsha-Zhangjiajie Expressway, S304 Provincial Highway, S305 Provincial Highway, S306 Provincial Highway and many other cities and regions can reach the scenic spot, forming a three-dimensional land and air transportation network. It belongs to the natural scenic spot of seasonal sandstone peak forest landform, and consists of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, Suoxiyu Nature Reserve and Tianzishan Nature Reserve, with a total area of 369 square kilometers. Wulingyuan was historically under the jurisdiction of different administrative regions. 1988? In, the State Council identified Wulingyuan as a national key scenic spot and approved the establishment of county-level administrative region of Wulingyuan District. It is a boutique tourist attraction recommended by the National Tourism Administration.

Wulingyuan is rich in tourism resources. The main scenic spots are characterized by "Qifeng, Yougu, Xiushui, deep forests and caves". Is there a stone peak in the scenic spot? 3 103? Pieces, in various forms, such as knives and axes, are there? Gundam? 2000? Gullies over meters? 32? Article, total length? 85? Kilometers? Are there streams and streams? 800? A lot, clear and quiet, spotless. There are the most typical huge caves in China, and large caves and sinkholes have been discovered? 40? The most famous Huanglong Cave is the epitome of karst landscape in Southeast Asia. The forest coverage rate in China is 74.75%? There are two original secondary forests preserved, which are the growth areas of important ancient relics in China. And higher plants? 3000? There are more than twice as many woody plants left as in Europe. What are the first batch of rare and endangered seed plants listed in the national key protection? 35? Kindness There are more than 700 kinds of medicinal plants, such as Gastrodia elata, Eucommia ulmoides, Coptis chinensis, Paeonia lactiflora and Codonopsis pilosula. There are countless wild animals such as South China Tiger, clouded leopard, macaque, giant salamander, civet and so on, and as many as 40 species are listed as national key protected animals. Tujia, Miao, Bai and other ethnic minorities live here, and their ethnic customs are rich and profound. There are primitive and rough Maogusi, passionate swing dance, beautiful and strange crying songs, diaojiao building built on the mountain, exquisite and meticulous Tujia brocade, mysterious witchcraft and hard qigong, all of which are amazing.

1989? Since the establishment of the district in, Wulingyuan District has adhered to the tourism economy as the center and vigorously strengthened infrastructure construction. Is the scenic spot open? 300? Many places build high-standard swimming lanes? 1 1? Articles? 100? How many kilometers. Program-controlled and microwave communication can dial the world directly at any time. Is there enough tourist reception bed? 3? More than 10 thousand, star hotel? 30? Many families. Two domestic first-class ropeways, Tianzishan and Huangshizhai, which set a Guinness World Record, and four sightseeing elevators around the water were built. The management of scenic spots is becoming more and more standardized, the comprehensive management has achieved remarkable results, the social order is good, and the scenic spots are safe, hygienic, civilized and orderly.