What borders do professional cameras usually have?

What do Quan Huafu, APS, 4/3 and medium format in the camera mean? Are they different in imaging?

The frame of the camera is the photosensitive imaging area in the camera and is an important performance index of the camera.

The concept of frame is extended from the era of film camera. Frame refers to the specifications of the film. After long-term efforts, 135 camera has become the most mature variety in the film machine market. In the digital age, the photosensitive element (CCD or CMOS) has reached the original size of 36X24mm 135 camera film, which is called Quan Huafu. The larger the sensor, the higher the imaging quality.

Not only Quan Huafu, APS format and 4/3 format are all derived from the format of 135 camera film size (film size 36mmx24mm). Medium format is the conversion of another portable camera specification 120 camera film size (4cm*6cm or 6cm*6cm) in the film era.

Quan Huafu's goal is the size of the traditional 35mm film. Generally, the size of digital SLR cameras is smaller than 35mm film. The size of Quan Huafu digital SLR CCD (or CMOS photosensitive imaging element) is basically the same as that of 35mm film.

The original intention of APS is "AdvancedPhotoSystem", which is a photo format established by Japanese manufacturers at the end of film camera development in order to increase the recording information of film and compress camera components. In addition to the small frame, the film also records some other information of the film and camera, which is convenient for automatic processing, just like the EXIF information of today's photos. This technological progress was terminated before digital cameras occupied the market.

There are three sizes of APS film: C, H and P. The H type is Quan Huafu (30.3× 16.6mm), and the aspect ratio is 16:9, the C type is 3:2 and the P type is 3: 1, which is called panoramic mode. Among the digital cameras, except Canon made an APS-H camera, the rest are in APS-C format. That is to say, the CCD(CMOS) size of a digital camera is similar to the C format of APS, which is about 25mmX 17mm. It is almost half the area of CCD(CMOS) in Quan Huafu, also called half-width machine.

Because the area of CCD(CMOS) is reduced and the manufacturing cost of SLR cameras is reduced, digital SLR can be popularized. Later, with the development of semiconductor technology, Quan Huafu, medium format and even larger sensors were born. By far, the cheapest Quan Huafu is more than twice as much as a half-frame camera. So most digital SLR cameras are in APS-C format.

The 4/3 format (also called m43) has the smallest film size, which is17.3x13mm, which is about half the size of Quan Huafu. At present, only Panasonic and Olympus insist on developing this specification, and most of them come from mirrorless cameras.

120 film (4cm*6cm or 6cm*6cm) is in medium format. In digital cameras, the area of photosensitive element is larger than that of Quan Huafu, which belongs to medium format camera. The advantages of medium format are large sensor, good image quality and high pixel. But ordinary people don't see much difference. Medium format camera belongs to high-grade professional SLR camera, and the size of photosensitive element is larger than that of Quan Huafu. This kind is more professional and expensive. Representative brands include Hasselblad, Freescale and Pentax.

It should be said that medium format digital cameras are all professional digital cameras, and the price is tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands. Of course, the grade is higher than that of full frame cameras. The size of the middle frame is equivalent to that of the previous 120 camera: 4cmX6cm or 6cmX6cm. The larger the size of the image sensor of a digital camera, the better the performance, but the cost is doubled.

In terms of imaging quality, if we don't consider the influence of other software and hardware of lens and camera, it is generally more advanced that the number of pixels is larger than that of pixels. Under the same number of pixels, the larger photosensitive element is better than the smaller photosensitive element. This is because a larger sensor area means that each pixel well can get more photons, thus having more information levels and thickness. At the same time, a larger area will also reduce the pressure of the circuit and avoid interference between high-density circuits. Therefore, the photos of larger format cameras are richer in color, purer and richer in layers.

Quan Huafu sensor, basically equivalent to film 35X24mm. The sensor area of APS-C format is less than half that of Quan Huafu, and the sensor area of 4/3 system is only 1/4 of Quan Huafu. At this time, the actual viewing angles of lenses with the same focal length projected on sensors with different sizes are different. For example, for a lens with a focal length of 50mm, the viewing angle is still 46 degrees on the Quan Huafu, reduced to about 32 degrees on the APS-C frame, and only 24 degrees on the 4/3 system. Under the same lens, the larger the frame, the stronger the depth of field and the more obvious the edge blur.

Medium format SLR cameras are mainly used for advertising photography, and the price is very expensive, which ordinary family users can't afford. For home users, Quan Huafu is mainly a professional or quasi-professional model (now there are entry-level Quan Huafu with reduced configuration), and the other two types are relatively professional mid-range models and entry-level models. If we want to consider the imaging quality, of course, Quan Huafu is the best, followed by APS-C, 4/3 is lower (as shown above, there are smaller specifications below), which is mainly determined by the sensor area. But models with smaller frames are cheaper, smaller and easier to carry.

Quan Huafu: It is aimed at the size of traditional 35mm film. In the past, the size of digital SLR CCD was smaller than that of 35mm film, and the size of Quan Huafu digital SLR CCD (or CMOS photosensitive imaging element) was the same as that of 35mm film. The larger the CCD size, the higher the imaging quality.

APS frame: refers to a camera-related term, which is a transitional product before the popularization of digital cameras. Aps frame refers to the imaging area based on "APS System 0".

4/3 frame: (also called m43) is the smallest, which is17.3x13mm, which is about half the size of Quan Huafu, and the equivalent conversion coefficient of 135 is 2.

Medium frame: also known as medium frame and 120 frame, it means that the sensor size of the camera is 120 frame.

Extended data:

The larger the frame, the larger the photo output size and the higher the imaging performance. However, any product that is out of the selling price is a hooligan.

Top medium format products like Freescale and Hasselblad all cost around 200,000 yuan, which is beyond the reach of ordinary users.

For beginners, APS-C format model has a good balance between price and performance, which I think is the most compromise choice. Compared with common mobile phones and small cards, APS-C format has the following three advantages:

1, more details

Generally speaking, after the sensor is enlarged, it is actually composed of tiny pixels, which is what we often call a "single pixel". Generally speaking, the larger the sensor, the more pixels it can hold, which is why the camera with larger frame tends to have higher pixels.

2. The noise is less.

Maybe you will feel strange, what is the difference between a mobile phone with the same pixel and a SLR in imaging? This problem is related to the area of a single pixel. Although the number of pixels is the same, the large-size sensor is larger in the area of a single pixel, so the photosensitive area of each pixel is larger.

3, the expansibility is stronger

If you want to take a good photo, it is definitely not enough to rely on your body. More often, it depends on your lens. At present, among the cameras in APS-C format, SLR or mirrorless cameras with interchangeable lenses account for a large proportion, and rich lens groups allow us to shoot more subjects.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia _ Format

Why do some professional photographers choose half a frame when shooting landscapes?

This question is hard to convince. It should be that the bigger the frame, the better the picture quality and the richer the details.

When shooting landscape works, in fact, we are most concerned about whether the framing is wide enough, which is determined by the focal length of the lens and the frame of the camera.

In terms of focal length, it is certain that the super wide-angle framing is wider, but there is inevitably the problem of perspective deformation, that is to say, the control perspective deformation is small and the picture scene is natural, so the focal length is appropriate and cannot be widened indefinitely.

This leaves the influence of camera frame on framing. Well, it must be that large format is better than Quan Huafu, and Quan Huafu is better than half format.

The question now is, do we all need such an open framing format when shooting landscape works? The answer is definitely not necessary. I think even a professional photographer, apart from the large-scale scenery films often published by National Geographic, I think what kind of camera to use to shoot scenery films is entirely based on the needs of shooting. In other words, as long as it is enough, you can take a panoramic view or a half view. There is no standard requirement for this.

So, don't wonder why professional photographers also use half a camera to shoot landscape films.

Similarly, a good landscape film, like portraits and other photographic works, depends on the photographer's grasp of the picture, composition, color and artistic conception, as well as his perception of the beauty and shock of the scene. A good landscape work is not only a beautiful perspective, but also must be infectious and shocking!

Photo: 1 million

When full-frame digital SLR cameras first appeared, they were expensive. In order to popularize digital SLR cameras, half-frame digital SLR cameras with lower price and lighter weight have appeared.

Nowadays, the price of full-frame digital SLR cameras (including micro-single cameras) has become civilian compared with the past, and there are many models to choose from. Why is there a half-frame figure? This is because the focal lengths of the two perspectives are different, which leads to different picture effects under the same physical distance and lens focal length.

At present, the focal length of a half-frame of mainstream brands is usually 1.5 times that of Quan Huafu (Canon is 1.6), that is, under the same physical distance and lens focal length, a half-frame picture looks 50% to 60% closer than that of Quan Huafu. Why do you say that? I just want to express one meaning: We can use the focal length difference between Quan Huafu and half-frame to choose composition, which is the main significance that half-frame still exists today.

The following two photos were taken with a lens focal length of 70 mm. The first one was taken in the window of the room, at close range, in Quan Huafu. The second one was taken downstairs, which was far away and took half a frame.

It can be seen that the fullness of the composition of the two photos is similar, which is based on the principle that the focal length of the half-frame fuselage is longer. If the second photo also uses Quan Huafu 70mm, it will bring miscellaneous elements into the picture and affect the effect.

In the same way, look at the following two photos, which were also taken with a 70mm lens focal length:

It is easy to see that the second half of the frame is better: highlight the key points and have no redundant elements.

Seeing this, some people may ask: Isn't it good to change a telephoto lens on the Quan Huafu? Theoretically, it is. In fact, due to the environmental constraints (dusty and dangerous terrain) or time constraints (fleeting moments) when shooting, you can't wait until you change the lens and concentrate on shooting calmly. At this time, two cameras and two mirrors are the best choice: the wide-angle lens is hung on the Quan Huafu, and the medium telephoto lens is hung on the half frame. If you want to shoot any composition, you just need to lift the corresponding body to shoot.

Good evening, teacher. I also choose to take a half-frame camera to shoot. Because you shoot more with a longer lens when you go out, you install 80-400 lens on Nikon D750 camera, which makes the telephoto of the shooting lens longer and the shooting effect better [like] # Liang Jiantu said China #

You have to ask, why do some professional photographers use camera phones when shooting landscapes?

Yes, many famous photographers I know like to shoot with camera phones. Of course, many of them are often taken with a card machine.

It is better to buy a good monitor than to spend a lot of money on photographic equipment.

Let me analyze your question in detail:

First, National Geographic magazine is realistic, as long as it is enough.

National Geographic, after the popularization of 120 camera, has long abandoned the large format camera.

After the 35mm film camera reached very good quality, it soon abandoned the 120 camera.

After the digital camera basically reached the standard, 35mm film was quickly eliminated.

That's right. Do you think National Geographic magazine is very interesting?

Second, for most paper media at present, in fact, the imaging quality is really not the key concern.

After all, most exquisite magazines, that is, 16 format, are spread, which is equivalent to A3 size.

The A3 size is about the size of two pieces of A4 paper.

what do you think?

For example, I have published photos in many media, and I have published many photography books myself, which also use top paper and the best printing technology. Honestly, it's the same up there.

For the best paper and the best printing technology, A3 size, now most digital cameras can easily meet!

Third, what about electronic displays?

Many imax movies in cinemas only have 2k sources and 2k projectors, and the top ones only have 4k sources and 4k projectors.

Where is the TV? Although there are 8k TV sets now, most people only have 1080p or 4k TV sets.

What about the computer? Most computers only have 1080p or 2k, 4k.

Of course, the Apple computer is 5k, and it is said that the 6k Apple computer will be launched soon.

2k, which is about 2 million pixels.

4k, which is about 8 million pixels.

8k, or about 32 million pixels.

Four, 1 inch card machine, M43 micro-single, APS format SLR or micro-single, in fact, the picture quality is enough to print a beautiful A3 size, but also enough for 4k5k computer monitors.

Of course, an 8k monitor or 8k TV needs 32 million pixels, which most digital cameras can't reach at present.

5. Do you think I am a pixel-only theory? Don't think about anything else

What else? Anything special?

RAW format, 12, 14, or 16?

Tolerance, 12, 13, 14, 15?

Sharpness, you don't necessarily think that the bigger the negative, the stronger the resolution of the lens?

You are wrong. The larger the negative, the worse the resolution of the lens.

The lens resolution of large format film camera is very poor.

No matter in theory and principle, or from a practical point of view, you can compare A3 printing, A3 printing and Apple 5k display, and you can compare and test different cameras.

See if I'm talking nonsense.

Why do some professional photographers choose half a frame when shooting landscapes?

I really haven't heard of this.

There are many photographers around me, as well as some professional photographers. We often go out for sightseeing. We have never seen them use half a frame to shoot scenery, nor have we heard them say so.

In fact, when shooting ecological birds, some photographers do like to shoot with a half-frame camera.

We know that generally speaking, when shooting landscapes, we are all looking for big scenes and broad momentum, which requires us to choose equipment with larger frames and wider lenses when shooting.

Choose half-frame to shoot ecological birds, because half-frame is converted into Quan Huafu with the magnification of 1.5 or 1.6, so many friends will choose half-frame camera to shoot birds and other subjects, because I use Nikon, so I know that Nikon D500 is the choice of many Nikon photographers to shoot birds, because it has fast focusing speed, strong chasing ability and good continuous shooting, which may be one aspect that many people choose.

In addition, if someone likes to shoot half a landscape, that may be the reason. Generally speaking, the better part of most lenses is in the center. When shooting with a semi-camera, the selected picture is just close to the center, and the edge quality is slightly poor. I think that's probably the reason.

The above is my opinion, welcome friends to exchange.

Sword dance images, western photographers, welcome to pay attention.

Forgive my ignorance, but this is the first time I've heard of it. I only know that some bird photographers choose half a frame because it can increase the focal length. For example, Canon 7d with 400 lens can reach 640 field of view.

As for shooting scenery, it is even more incredible to replace Quan Huafu with half a frame. Because we shoot scenery, we pursue a wide field of vision. We all use wide-angle lenses, such as Canon's 16-35, 1 1-24 and so on. If we use half a frame, is it still called wide angle?

Some people may say that the scenery of Quan Huafu is less than half a frame when shooting the same scene in the same place, so the advantage of Quan Huafu is the portrait, and half a frame is more suitable for the scenery. This is just an imagination. In practical application, the influence of frame on depth of field can be ignored. What really affects the depth of field is the aperture and focal length. For example, small and medium apertures and wide-angle lenses are generally used to shoot landscapes in order to obtain sufficient depth of field.

Have different eyes. Because the sensor size in Quan Huafu is larger than half a frame and the same lens is used at the same shooting distance, the scenery in Quan Huafu is much wider than half a frame. Although increasing the shooting distance can solve half a frame, most scenes are difficult to do. For example, the site is small and the prospect is complex, so it is often difficult to achieve satisfactory results.

Of course, half a picture still has the advantage of light weight and low price, but as a professional photographer, do you still care about these? They usually pay more attention to pictures and quality, and Quan Huafu is undoubtedly a better choice.

Playing photography is a feeling and a hobby. What is an ugly picture? It's a red circle and a golden circle. Happiness is the key. E0S7D+ Marten 18~400+ fine tuning, not bad.

Professional photographers choose half a frame to shoot landscapes? I really don't understand. Choose half a frame? It is really a strange problem that photographers use a half-frame camera instead of a full-frame camera, but in one case, photographers may choose a half-frame camera, that is, they use a telephoto lens to shoot birds or landscapes, and its zoom is 1.5 times, that is, if a 500-mm telephoto lens is placed on a half-frame camera, it will become 7500mm, and birds can even be shot close-up.

As a common sense of photography, photographers know that shooting scenery is generally a big scene, so it is more appropriate to use a wide-angle lens with a small aperture, which requires clear imaging and rich layers. These basic requirements are not the advantages of half-frame cameras, but the advantages of full-frame cameras. Why do photographers choose a half-frame camera?

I can't give a satisfactory answer, so I'm ignorant! [Cover your face] [Cover your face] [Cover your face]

I think the budget is a problem. Perhaps the budget for purchasing equipment was not sufficient at the beginning, so it took a long time to shoot half a camera, and gradually found that the fundamental factor affecting the quality of photographic works was not the equipment, but the concept.

So people who used half a camera at first realized the importance of creativity and technology in the shooting process, so they simply stopped pursuing Quan Huafu equipment.

What kind of SLR does the photography studio use?

Photography studios generally choose Quan Huafu fuselage. The so-called full-frame camera is aimed at the size of traditional 135 film. In the past, the CCD size of most digital SLR cameras was smaller than that of 135 film, while that of Quan Huafu digital SLR (or CMOS photosensitive imaging element) was the same as that of 135 film. The larger the CCD size, the higher the imaging quality. Moreover, for users who already have traditional SLR, there will be no conversion problem in lens use.

Because of the different subjects in the studio, the choice of the fuselage will be different. At present, several common models are as follows:

Canon EOS5DMarkIII

In terms of appearance, EOS5DMarkIII still takes the operability of functions as the primary consideration as the main design line, and there is not much design change compared with the previous generation. The only change is that it adopts the same mode dial lock design as the 60D and EOS5 fuselage, and the switch is also moved to the rear of the left dial wheel, and the left dial wheel is added with a dial lock, returning to the operation mode of the 5D era. Compared with the previous generation product 5D2, the grip is better, and the right hand can easily find the buttons to set. The back is equipped with a 3.2-inch LCD screen with a color of 1.04 million. The learning and playback effect is excellent, and it is no exaggeration. In terms of fuselage interface, 5DMarkIII is considered comprehensively. There is an earphone interface for monitoring during video shooting, and a PC terminal interface for connecting the flash when shooting in the shed. A quasi-professional fuselage, there should be several commercial ones, and the interface of the remote control is naturally indispensable. The battery of EOS5DMarkIII still uses LP-E6 lithium battery. This lithium battery with a capacity of 1800mAh can actually take 850-950 photos when fully charged.

In terms of functional configuration, EOS5DMarkIII adopts a brand-new 22.3 million pixel 36×24mm photosensitive element, but there is no obvious improvement in pixels. In fact, the original 5D2 output frame has been used for most of it. 5D3 also applied a 6 1 point autofocus system on 1D, including 4 1 cross focus points. Compared with the previous generation 5D2 9-focal and central cross-focal AF systems, the progress is still very obvious. The sensitivity range of ISO 100-25600 can be extended to 50- 102400. When shooting video, ISO 100- 12800 can be extended to 100-25600, and the available sensitivity even reaches the amazing ISO3200, which is still very worthwhile. Once upon a time, most users were used to the video shooting function called DSLR chicken rib function, but since 5D2, many artists began to use it to create, and many video shooting extension devices came into being. In short, this function was taken off by Canon. In terms of continuous shooting ability, 5D3 has achieved the highest speed of about 6 frames per second, which is also very commendable. With such high pixels and such a large amount of information processing, the new image processing chip has been the best proof.

Nikon D6 10

In terms of performance, Nikon D6 10 has 24.26 million effective pixels, Quan Huafu CMOS, 39-point focusing system, EXPEED3 image processor and so on, which keeps the excellent imaging performance of Nikon FX format. It has rich timbre expression, wide dynamic range and low noise when shooting at high sensitivity. The continuous shooting speed of the camera has also been upgraded from 5.5 frames per second to 6 frames per second, and the Renka continuous shooting function of 3 frames per second has been added. ISO ranges from 100 to 6400, but can be extended to the lowest ISO50(Lo 1) and the highest ISO25600(Hi2). It has an autofocus system consisting of 39 dense focal points. The 9 focus points in the center of the picture capture the object more accurately with the cross sensor, and the 7 focus points in the center (3 vertical and 5 horizontal).

Nikon D6 10 still uses a 3.2-inch LCD screen with a screen resolution of 926,5438+00,000 points. The screen can also automatically control the brightness of the display screen through the ambient brightness sensor installed next to the machine. At the same time, the glass pentaprism optical viewfinder above the screen provides a picture coverage of about 100%, which is convenient for us to confirm the composition of the image area in the whole FX format. The design of Nikon D6 10 inherited from D600 is still worthy of recognition. The biggest advantage of the dual-card slot design is to ensure the safety of taking pictures, so that if one card is broken during shooting, there is another card for backup. As for the battery, 1900mAh EN-EL 15 battery is still used. This battery has been used in many models, such as D600, D800, D7 100. On the one hand, the battery itself has a good endurance, but also makes the camera battery have a good versatility. Nikon D6 10 has a size of about141×13× 82 mm and weighs about 760g (camera body only).

Nikon D8 10 camera

Nikon D8 10 camera is equipped with 35.9*24mm Quan Huafu CMOS sensor, and the effective pixel can reach 36.38 million. Using the EXPEED4 image processor, high-definition image quality can be obtained.

Nikon D8 10 camera is equipped with effective pixel Quan Huafu sensor and the latest EXPEED4 image processor, and the imaging quality is quite good. In addition, its high sensitivity performance is also better. The machine has strong focusing, and D4S group focusing is introduced, which greatly improves the focusing rate of high-speed objects.

Nikon D4

In terms of functional configuration, Nikon D4 is equipped with 1658× 36.0x23.9mm CMOS sensor. Although it is not a popular high-pixel genre, as a professional-grade fuselage, achieving higher continuous shooting speed is the main demand. With this sensor, Nikon D4 can shoot still images with a resolution of 4928x3280 and videos with a resolution of 1920x 1080, and the recording format is MOV. The only fly in the ointment is that the recording ability of the fuselage only supports mono, and stereo recording depends on an external stereo microphone. Surprisingly, the output of static images is obviously better than D3. In terms of high-sensitivity imaging ability, which is very important for professional users, the previous generation D3S has done an excellent job. In terms of numerical parameters, the usable sensitivity range of Nikon D4 reaches ISO200 to 12800, and it also supports higher extension (from ISO50 to ISO204800).

As a new professional body of Nikon, the main design requirement of Nikon D4 is the combination of high-speed continuous shooting and precise focusing. In order to meet this special demand, Nikon used a brand-new image processing chip EXSPEED3 and a powerful focusing system Multi-CAM3500 in the design, which is undoubtedly the strongest combination of Nikon at present, and the effect can be imagined. Nikon D4 occupies half of sports photography's equipment with superior performance.

Do professional photographers usually hold full-frame cameras?

As a rigorous attitude, professional photographers really need to use full-frame cameras, so that they will not be affected by the changes in perspective, focal length and perspective because of the frame relationship.