The largest city wall and the largest capital are on the third floor of Du Ming.

Accurately speaking, Nanjing City should be composed of Miyagi, Imperial City, Beijing City and Waikuo City. But traditionally, what people call Nanjing generally refers to the capital, that is, the capital city. In order to resist the invasion of Chen Youliang, Zheng Zhi spent 20 years building Hukou City in Longwan, but this was only an accidental emergency. The construction of the real Nanjing City began in the 26th year of Zheng Zhi and ended in the 25th year of Hongwu. There was an interruption in the middle, which lasted intermittently for more than 20 years. Including all the ancient cities or sites in Nanjing in history, such as Shicheng, Jianye and Jiankang in the Six Dynasties, Jiangning, Xizhou, Dongfu and Danyang in the Southern Tang Dynasty. And all the commanding heights around Nanjing are included in it, forming a magnificent and vast world, starting from Houhu in the north, Jubaoshan in the south, Zijinshan in the east and the Yangtze River in the west. Nanjing City Wall in Ming Dynasty is the largest existing ancient city wall in China. Nanjing city wall in Ming dynasty is what we usually call Ming city wall. It is the symbol of Nanjing City in Ming Dynasty, which is irregular. Its circumference is claimed to be 96 Li, while the measured length is 67 Li, which is today's measuring unit of 33,500 meters. So how high is the Ming city wall in Nanjing? According to the field survey of relevant departments, the highest height of the city wall is 26 meters, the exact location is around Lake Biwa, and the general height is between 14 and 20 meters; As for the width or thickness of the city wall, the widest city wall is 19.75 meters, in the area of Gansu Xi long lane; The narrowest is 2.6 meters, which is located in the west of Fu Gui. Generally, the width of the city wall is about 14 meter. As the main function of Ming City Wall is to guard against foreign enemies, as a garrison, Nanjing City Wall naturally designed many institutions to deal with foreign enemies' invasion, including 6 13 battlements and 200 defenders to defend against siege. According to the statistics of relevant departments, there are 350 million bricks for Ming city walls, which is unprecedented in the history of China city wall construction. So we say that the Nanjing City Wall in Ming Dynasty is the largest existing ancient city wall in China. So how was such a magnificent Ming city wall built? It is said that the entire Ming city wall in Nanjing is built with huge granite or limestone strips to build the base of the city wall. On this basis, the inner and outer walls of the city wall are built with huge bricks, and then gravel, broken bricks, loess and other things are poured between the inner and outer walls. Then, tamp these blocks and pour adhesive such as glutinous rice paste to reinforce them. When they were built on the top of the city wall, they were paved with flat slate. Today, the toilet door near the central gate and Lake Biwa in the Zijinshan area have well-preserved Ming Dynasty city walls. Nanjing City Wall has experienced more than 600 years of ups and downs, but it stands tall. Why? Every time I hear the news of the bean curd residue project that frequently broke out in various places, people can't help but ask: Why is the Nanjing Ming City Wall with huge scale and extraordinary momentum still standing after 600 years of wind and rain? First, Nanjing Ming City Wall is exquisite in materials and reliable in quality. Ming brick is made of high quality clay or white porcelain clay. Zhu Yuanzhang was born at the bottom and was better at such construction than any emperor in history. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, the arrangement of the firing task of city bricks, the building material of Ming city walls, was quite particular. Zhu Yuanzhang mainly mobilized people from Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan and Hubei provinces 152 county to do this work, because this is the origin of high-quality clay and white porcelain. It is very insightful that he did not use the sand area in the north. Second, the potential scientific nature of Nanjing city wall brick. The brick of the Ming city wall is 40 cm ~44 cm long, 20 cm ~22 cm wide, 10 cm ~ 13 cm thick and weighs about 20 kg ~40 kg. If it is too big, people can't move it; If it is too small, the city wall will not be pressed, and the compressive strength will be affected. Only within the scope of the above standards, city bricks are the most suitable. The relevant personnel used modern physical technology to test these fired Ming city wall bricks and found the compressive strength of the fired Ming city wall bricks.

Once this mortar is solidified, its firmness may be better than that of ordinary cement now. Fourth, implement and implement the responsibility system, and implement strict management and quality supervision at all levels. The Ming court made certain regulations and distributed them to various places, where they were burned into city bricks and then transported to the capital Nanjing. The whole manufacturing and transportation are very particular. The name, address and time of the burner are printed on each wall brick. In addition, the names and related information of the burner supervisor and transporter shall be printed. If the city brick is found to be unqualified, it should be returned immediately for re-firing. When it was first built, it was in the form of sub-section and layer-by-layer contracting, and the responsibility lay with people. If there is a car crash, the relevant personnel will be punished. According to "History of the Scholars in the Ming Dynasty", Taizu built the capital, sealed Hou with lime porridge and went out to study. Supervisors are divided by feet, and they are all white or slightly turbid when they take office, that is, the builders are on the wall and the soup is solid. Although there is no such record of grief and indignation in the official history, in fact, the responsibility system has always existed in China's ancient Chinese legal system, and there are also accountability for offenders and dereliction of duty. However, such a strict responsibility system only appeared and was put into practice in the era of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor. There may be a long tradition of Anhui people and similar genes. 600 years later, farmers in Xiaogang Village, Anhui Province took the lead in secretly establishing the land contract responsibility system, which became the template of rural reform in contemporary China. Is there a necessity between the two? Judging from historical facts, the Ming city wall built in the era of Zhu Yuanzhang can still stand the test of 600 years. As far as Nanjing City is concerned, two-thirds of the Nanjing city walls are still well preserved. So, where will the other third of the city wall go? It was either destroyed by war or by urban construction. In recent years, it is said that the Ming city wall in Fengyang, Zhu Yuanzhang's hometown, has not fallen for more than 600 years, but fell after being repaired by the relevant departments. What a huge contrast between the current bean curd dregs project and the Ming city wall built by Zhu Yuanzhang in 2000! Thirteen pagodas in Nanjing in Ming Dynasty. If you open the map of modern Nanjing marked with the ancient city wall of Nanjing, you will find that the ancient city of Nanjing is obviously different from other ancient cities. It is irregular, like a Chinese character with a little bit in the upper left corner. The old Nanjing people explained that it was based on Zhu Yuanzhang's face. Recently, someone even wrote an article on the Internet with several inferences. We want to discuss whether the article is right or wrong, but we say that the plane shape of Nanjing city wall is indeed irregular, which is the first feature of Nanjing Ming city wall. The second feature of the design and construction of the Ming City Wall is that it broke the stipulation of equidistant symmetrical orientation in the design of ancient city gates in China, but set the city gates according to the actual needs, which fully embodies the purpose of Zhu Yuanzhang's capital construction in the Ming Dynasty, which is frugal and pragmatic. Therefore, this unique phenomenon has appeared in the north relocation of the capital city in China since ancient times and even in later generations. Thirdly, Nanjing Ming City Wall has 13 gates, and each gate is designed and built with towering towers. Each gate is equipped with a big wooden door covered with iron and a thousand-pound door. As far as I know, the only thing that can see this scene at present is the toilet door. This is the general layout of the thirteen gates, but if the city gate is in a military position, it is necessary to add a few barbiturates, such as Zhonghua Gate, Sanshanmen Gate and Tongji Gate, which are all geographically important. This once again reflects Zhu Yuanzhang's goal of building the capital in the Ming Dynasty: practical, gorgeous and solid. Such an irregular city wall is surrounded by a circle with 13 doors. No city in China can match the size of this 13 gate. So, where is the gate of 13 in Nanjing? What purpose did Zhu Yuanzhang set up these gates for? Where are they today? Say three gas first.

Although 600 years have passed, Shen Wansan is still a legend in Nanjing today. It is said that he was the richest man in Jiangnan at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. In addition to Suzhou and other places, he also has huge property in Beijing. Now Madao Street, Youfang Lane, Caodui Lane and restaurants in the south of Nanjing used to be the backyard of Shenyang. Now more than 650 caravans on Zhonghua Road are also owned by Shen Wansan, and Xuanwu Lake also has houses. Ming history records: At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Nandu Shen Wansan was very rich. Today, Huitong Pavilion is its former residence, and Houhu Center is its garden. Qing people still remember: outside the Taiping Gate, there is a dike along the lake called Gushan. Wisdom: In the early Ming Dynasty, Shen Wansan's hometown was in its place. There are too many folklores about Shen Wansan, the richest man in the south of the Yangtze River, and the cornucopia. I divide them into the following categories: legend one: forcibly borrowing the cornucopia and burying Dai Dingcheng alive. It is said that when Jubao Gate was first built, there was no reason. After many unsuccessful attempts, it collapsed. When Zhu Yuanzhang knew about it, he sent someone to the cornucopia. Liu Ji felt very helpless after seeing it. On one occasion, on his way back to the Imperial City from Jubaomen, he heard several children singing a nursery rhyme. Listen carefully, it's like this: Jinling City, Jinling City, Jinling has a cornucopia. Find the cornucopia, and then find Dai Dingcheng who is wearing the cornucopia and buried at the root of the city wall. The city gate will be built. Liu Ji silently wrote down these nursery rhymes and repeated them to Zhu Yuanzhang after returning to the palace. Besides, Zhu Yuanzhang was worried about the old treasure gate being built. Hearing Liu Ji's words, he seemed to have really found a solution to the problem. Then he sent someone to ask around who had the cornucopia. As soon as I found out, Shen Wansan, the richest man in Jiangnan, had this treasure. Otherwise, how could he become the richest man in Jiangnan? Zhu Yuanzhang immediately asked his men to borrow it from Shenyang. Besides, the cornucopia is the treasure of Shenyang. Shen Wansan won't say anything as soon as he hears that someone has come to borrow it! But the problem is that it is the emperor who borrows money today, and the American emperor's order cannot be violated. Otherwise, it is a crime of disobedience. Then this is not an ordinary crime and should be beheaded. Although Shen Wansan didn't want to be defeated by ten thousand people, in the end, they still had to take out this cornucopia. A cornucopia is not enough. According to nursery rhymes, Zhu Yuanzhang will send someone to find a man named Dai Dingcheng. Looking and looking, I finally found a civilian named Dai Dingcheng in the south of Nanjing. Call Zhu Yuanzhang, have his men tie him up, put the cornucopia on his head, and then push him into the foundation of the cornucopia wall and cover it with soil. Covered, it makes people feel really amazing. The foundation collapsed before, and now the project has a good trip. Finally, the Jubao Gate was built. Only the poor man named Dai Dingcheng was inexplicably tied up by Zhu Yuanzhang and buried alive. This ghost has been doing it for 600 years. Legend 2: Are the sons of heaven in white all caused by their mouths? Starting from 1366, Zhu Yuanzhang sent several other troops to fight outside while building Nanjing City and the Palace Museum of the Ming Dynasty. After several advances, the financial economy was overwhelmed at once. But Zhu Yuanzhang, who was clever since childhood, had many ideas and lacked financial resources. He immediately found Shen Wansan, a rich man, and asked him for money, which is equivalent to the government looking for entrepreneurs to sponsor us in our present society. At that time, Shen Wansan agreed to voluntarily undertake the fortification project from Shuiximen to Zhengyangmen and its expenses, and agreed to compete with Zhu Yuanzhang for fortification. Zhu Yuanzhang asked the Ministry of Industry to take off Huang Xiaoshan's resume and put it on the exit of the north of the city, until it was near Jiming Temple. There used to be an ancient city wall, surrounded by a platform city and many natural barrier foundations, which meant low construction cost and low construction cost; Shen Wansan is responsible for the construction of Hongwumen-Shuiximen area in the south of the city. Except for some walls on the left.

To Zhu Yuanzhang's surprise, in the end, within the time limit agreed by both parties, Shen Wansan completed the fortification of the Ministry of Industry three days in advance! This made Zhu Yuanzhang admire in his heart, praised him greatly, called him the son of heaven in white, and gave him a piece of land outside the fire road as a back garden.