Painting and Restoration of Old Photos (Ⅱ): Yunnan Army

Yunnan Army, the collective name of Yunnan troops with Cai E, Tang, Long Yun and Lu Han as the main generals in the Republic of China, is a relatively independent army organized, commanded and armed by Yunnan local strength factions, and it is a distinctive armed force in modern China.

Yunnan Army, formerly known as Yunnan New Army, namely Junzhen 19, was founded in the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908). After the Revolution of 1911, Tang took advantage of being the commander-in-chief of Guizhou and Yunnan, and gradually controlled and unified all the Yunnan armies. In the fourth year of the Republic of China (19 15), the Yunnan Army was also called the "Yunnan National Protection Army". In the Republic of China 16 (1927), a coup took place in Yunnan on February 6, when the commanders of four towns in Yunnan overthrew the Tang Dynasty and Long Yun became the leader of warlords in Yunnan. 1949 65438+On February 9, Lu Han electrified the whole country to announce the Yunnan uprising, and the Yunnan army died.

Yunnan army ruled Yunnan for a long time, constantly expanding to Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi and other places, and once dominated several southwestern provinces. He made great contributions to the Revolution of 1911, the movement to protect the country, the movement to protect the law, and the liberation of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and Yunnan, and played an important role in the modern political and military arena in China. In War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he took part in Taierzhuang Campaign, Wuhan Campaign, Changsha Campaign, Northern Jiangxi Campaign and Southern Yunnan Campaign.

Group photo of Yunnan officers in the early years of the Republic of China

General Cai E, one of the founders of Yunnan Army.

In the early years of the Republic of China, Yunnan army officers took a group photo.

The equipment source of Yunnan army is generally to buy arms from France, which is often more than the general Central Army and even more "powerful" than other local warlords.

1936 Yunnan's military expenditure reached 14039000 yuan, accounting for about 63% of the total expenditure. Mainly through France's Longdong Company and Maxiang Foreign Firm, we purchased weapons and imported weapons and equipment of at least 40 regiments.

1 In September, 937, Long Yun organized the 12 regiments of six brigades of the Yunnan Army into1Army, with the 60th Army as the title, Lu Han as the commander, and three divisions with a total of 40,000 people, so as to start the war of resistance first.

Long Yun said that when all local manpower and financial resources are used to contribute to the country, sacrifice everything and fight to the end to save the country from peril, it means that the troops in Yunnan Province are ready to serve the country at any time. He also directly told Chiang Kai-shek that Yunnan could send 200,000 troops to support the front-line anti-Japanese war.

Long Yun, the second general of the National Revolutionary Army and chairman of the Yunnan National Government.

Group photo of the officers before the 60th Army went to war, with Lu Han in the front row and Long Yun in the left.

Kunming pledging conference

The 60th Army has 40,000 soldiers, including 24,000 Yi soldiers, accounting for 60% of the total.

In terms of weapons and equipment, the 60th Army has not only Krupp mountain guns purchased from German, but also hutcheson-style air-cooled anti-aircraft machine guns. Each infantry company 148 people, including 3 7.9mm heavy machine guns, 6 light machine guns, 3 mortars, 4 grenade launchers, 63 rifles and 20 pistols, each with a French helmet.

Each infantry battalion has three infantry companies and 1 machine gun company, and the machine gun company is equipped with six hutcheson heavy machine guns; Each infantry regiment has three infantry battalions, the mortar company directly under another regiment is equipped with four mortars, the anti-aircraft machine gun company directly under the regiment is equipped with two 13.2mm heavy machine guns, and the flag platoon directly under the regiment is equipped with two light machine guns and 28 rifles.

The infantry brigade has no direct team, but the teams directly under the division have 1 special service company, 1 communication company, 1 engineering barracks, 1 trench battalion, 1 field hospital. There are mountain artillery units directly under the army, and some supplementary regiments have been compiled subsequently.

The army is an elite force built by Yunnan Province.

There are only three armies that can fight well in the world, and Yunnan Army (60th Army) is one of them. "This is the German military adviser stark Bauer in 1937 training 60th army said a word.

The 60th Army from Kunming

In the battle of Taierzhuang, the 60 th Army suffered heavy casualties under the strong artillery fire of the Japanese army. The Japanese army originally planned to concentrate on attacking Xuzhou after breaking through the national defense line and panic in hundreds of thousands of China troops, but it was desperately blocked by the 60 army in Taierzhuang area and held on for 27 days, but the Japanese army failed to advance.

In a bloody battle in Taierzhuang, the 60th Army fought 35 132 to wipe out the enemy, killing 13869 people, injuring 4545 people and losing 430 people. Officers at all levels sacrificed 177, and 380 people were injured, including brigade commander sacrificed 1, injured 1, head of the regiment sacrificed 5, injured 4, and battalion company platoon leader suffered more than half casualties. After the war, the 60th Army was downsized from twelve regiments to five regiments.

During the eight-year Anti-Japanese War, the Yunnan army fought 20 major battles, with hundreds of battles at division and battalion levels, and thousands of people kept preparing for the war day and night. The number of casualties exceeded100000.

Yunnan troops were inspected in Yuanbaoshan.

Yunnan troops equipped in France and Belgium.

Yunnan army heavy machine gun team

Yunnan army soldier

Lu Han (second from right) accepted the signing ceremony of Japanese surrender in Vietnam.

On August 1945, Japan surrendered unconditionally. 1On the evening of September 8th, 945, 200,000 China troops, mainly Yunnan soldiers, deployed and commanded by Lu Han, marched into northern Vietnam in two ways. Arrive at designated locations in northern Vietnam around September 20.

The surrender of North Vietnam (Japanese surrender troops: 38th Army, 2 1 Division, 22nd Division, 34th Independent Brigade) was led by Lu Han, commander of the First Army of China, who was responsible for accepting the area north of Vietnam's north latitude 16. The representative of Japan's surrender was Toshiyuki Tuqiao, commander of the 38th Army invading Japan. 1On September 28th, 945, Lu Han officially accepted Tuqiao's brave descent in Hanoi, and accepted the Japanese surrender ceremony in more than 90% of Laos, north of 16 degrees north latitude in Vietnam. The China Army * * * received more than 30,000 Japanese soldiers and 4,700 allied soldiers detained by the Japanese in Vietnam and other places, and investigated and dealt with war criminals 187.

After the end of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the civil war broke out and the 60th Army was transferred to the northeast. Defeated by the People's Liberation Army in the northeast, the temporary 2 1 division and 184 division of this unit were annihilated by most of the People's Liberation Army.

194810 June 17 led by Ceng Zesheng, then commander of the army, launched an uprising in Changchun, forcing the New Seventh Army to accept the adaptation of the People's Liberation Army. The 60th Army of the original uprising was reorganized into the 50th Army of the People's Liberation Army of China, and its commander was still Ceng Zesheng.

Lieutenant General Ceng Zesheng.

In addition to the original soldiers, the newly formed 50 th Army also added many PLA officers and combat backbones, which greatly improved the overall quality of the whole army. Later, in the Battle of the Four Fields Going South, the 50th Army took part in the Battle of Western Hubei, which made great contributions to the liberation of China.

1950101On October 25th, the 50th Army, as the first batch of volunteers, participated in the first, second and third battles. In the third battle, he annihilated the Royal Heavy Tank Battalion and took the lead in entering Seoul. In the fourth campaign, the Han River was stubbornly blocked for 50 days and nights, which dealt a heavy blow and consumed the effective strength of the American army, ensured the rest and assembly of the main force of the volunteers, and bought time for the preparation of the next campaign.

The leaders of some military divisions of the 50th Army took a group photo in xingguo temple, Seoul.

On the Korean battlefield, 1 4,000 army models emerged in the 50th Army of the People's Liberation Army, and1regiment, 6 companies, 165, 438+0 classes and 7 regiments won honorary titles, as well as a large number of combat heroes and special forces heroes.

1955 April 12, 50th Army returned to China, led by shenyang military area command. On May 27th, 1967, the 50th Army was transferred to the Chengdu Military Region for organization and leadership. 1 985 65438+February1,the 50th military designation was revoked.