Tourist guide words of scenic spots and historical sites

1987 65438+February The Great Wall was listed in the World Heritage List. All people who go to Beijing want to visit the Great Wall in Wan Li. "You are not a hero until you reach the Great Wall" has become the rhetoric of Chinese and foreign tourists. The majestic Great Wall of Wan Li is a rare ancient military defense project in the history of human architecture and a symbol of the Chinese nation. It embodies the blood, sweat and wisdom of our ancestors. It is famous for its long history, huge project and magnificent spirit. Together with the pyramids in Egypt, the Taj Mahal in India and St. Sofia's Church in Istanbul, it is known as a miracle of the world. Today, it has been listed in the World Heritage List by UNESCO and protected as the focus of the world's human cultural heritage. The Great Wall was built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, lasting more than 2,000 years and with a total length of more than 50 million meters. The Great Wall of Wan Li that we refer to today mostly refers to the Great Wall built in the Ming Dynasty, starting from Jiayuguan in Gansu in the west and reaching Yalu River in Liaoning in the east, with a total length of 6.35 million meters. It is like a vigorous dragon, crossing mountains, cliffs, grasslands and deserts, and winding from the top of the mountain, the other side of the Yellow River and the Bohai Sea. People who have been to the Great Wall at all times and all over the world are amazed at its majestic momentum, grand scale and arduous project. The Great Wall is a rare treasure and an artistic relic, which symbolizes the indestructible will and strength of the Chinese nation, the pride of the Chinese nation and the pride of all mankind. The Great Wall of Wan Li began in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, accompanied by two thousand years of social progress in China. As we all know, the ancient civilization in China has a long history, and the feudal society is the richest and most brilliant chapter. All the major political, economic, cultural and historical events in the feudal society have left their marks on the Great Wall. The Great Wall is a symbol of the Jin-Goma Railway, the struggle for deer to strengthen fields, the change of dynasties and the struggle for national peace. As a historical site, the Great Wall places hydrology on the land of China. The Great Wall of Wan Li contains the splendid culture and art of the Chinese nation for more than 2,000 years, with rich connotations. In addition to the architectural layout, modeling, sculpture and painting of the city wall, Guancheng, Zhencheng and beacon tower, there are also poems and songs, folk literature, opera rap and so on. Throughout the ages, I don't know how many emperors, generals, foot soldiers, poets and poets have left immortal chapters for the Great Wall.

The ancient palace

Located in the center of Beijing, it is 96 1 meter long from north to south and 753 meters wide from east to west, with a total area of 720,000 square meters. It has more than 9,000 palaces. It is the palace of 24 emperors in Ming and Qing dynasties, which lasted for more than 500 years. Its predecessor was the Forbidden City. It is the largest and most complete palace and ancient architectural complex in China, and the largest palace complex in the world. There is a 10-meter-high wall around the Forbidden City, and a 52-meter-wide moat outside the wall. There is a tower on each side of the Forbidden City, and there is an exquisite turret in every corner of the city. The Forbidden City was built in the fourth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1406) and completed in the eighteenth year of Yongle. The layout of the whole building complex is reasonable, with distinct levels and prominent subjects. Palace buildings are arranged along the central axis extending from south to north and the pattern of east-west symmetry. The palace in the Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the former and the later dynasties. The main halls of the past dynasties are Ethereum, Neutralization and Baohe. The Hall of Supreme Harmony, commonly known as the Golden Throne Hall, is a symbol of feudal imperial power. There are cultural centers and Wuying Hall on the two wings. The palace is the place where the emperor handles daily affairs. Empresses, concubines, princes and princesses live in the garden to worship the gods. Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, which are called the Three Palaces, are arranged on the central axis. On the east and west sides of the three palaces, there are six palaces each. There are Rijing Gate, Yuehua Gate, Longguang Gate, Cai Feng Gate, Ji Hua Gate, Duanze Gate, Jinghe Gate and Long Fu Gate between the central axis building and the six palaces on both sides. The architecture of the Forbidden City is quite different from that of foreign dynasties in style. It is more rigorous, profound and full of life.

Temple of Heaven

A few kilometers southeast of the Forbidden City, there is a huge temple dedicated to heaven, namely the Temple of Heaven. The total area of the Temple of Heaven is 2.7 million square meters, which is four times larger than the Forbidden City. The emperor of China is called "the son of heaven", that is, "the son of heaven". The residence of the son of heaven is naturally not bigger than that of the "God". Besides "Heaven", Emperor China worshipped many gods, including earth gods, water gods, agricultural gods, military gods, social gods, religious gods, citizen gods and his ancestral tablets. Therefore, sacrificial activities are the main work of the emperor, which are continuous throughout the year and consume a lot of time. Royal sacrificial buildings are also spread all over Beijing, each with its own characteristics, becoming a unique landscape in Beijing. Today, the Working People's Cultural Palace on the east side of Tiananmen Square is the place where the emperor worships his ancestors, and the building of the West Temple of Heaven is on a central axis. The southernmost fence is square, symbolizing the ground, and the northernmost fence is semicircular, symbolizing the sky. This design comes from the ancient concept that the sky is round. The Temple of Heaven covers an area of 273 hectares, and the architectural layout is in the shape of "Hui", which consists of two altar walls, an inner altar and an outer altar. The total length of outer altar wall is 64 16m, and the total length of inner altar wall is 3292m. The inner and outer altar walls are semi-circular in the north, south, high in the north and low in the south, which means high in the sky and low in the south, and also means "round place". The main buildings in Tan Yao are concentrated in the north and south ends of the central axis of the Inner Altar, which are connected by a wide bridge, from south to north, namely the Altar, the Imperial Palace, the Hall for Praying for the New Year and the Qianlong Palace. There are also buildings and historical sites such as the Chef, the Sacrificial Pavilion and the Zhai Palace. With ingenious design, harmonious colors and superb architectural art, the Temple of Heaven is one of the outstanding ancient buildings in China. The nearby Zhongshan Park is a place to worship the god of harvest, which is the cultivated land of five grains. Throughout Beijing, there are altars in the north, the Temple of Heaven in the south, the sun in the east and the moon in the west, among which the Temple of Heaven is the most dazzling and spectacular.

The Summer Palace

The Summer Palace among the "Three Mountains and Five Gardens" is one of the largest royal gardens in the world, with a total area of about 290 hectares. The Summer Palace, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, was designed by the famous court architect Lei Jiaxi and built in 1750 ~ 1764. Covering an area of about 290 hectares, it is mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. 1860 was burned by the British and French allied forces. 1888, Empress Dowager Cixi misappropriated more than 5 million taels of silver for reconstruction and renamed it the Summer Palace. The palaces, pavilions, verandahs, waterside pavilions and other buildings in the park are exquisite and gorgeous, and the layout is rigorous. They are the world's royal gardens with rich landscapes, concentrated buildings and the most complete preservation. There are about four scenic spots in the Summer Palace. The water surface of the Summer Palace accounts for three-quarters of the total area of the park, especially in the Qianhu District in the south, where the smoke waves are rippling, the mountains in the west are undulating, and the pavilions and pavilions in the north. There is a west dike in the lake, with peaches and willows on it, and six arch bridges of different shapes are hidden in it; There are also different forms of classical architecture on the three islands in the lake; This 17-span bridge spans the lake. It is not only the road to the lake, but also an unforgettable attraction with a very beautiful shape. The Summer Palace concentrates the essence of China's classical architecture and accommodates the garden styles of different regions. It can be called the Garden Architecture Museum. The main building of the Summer Palace is the Buddha Pavilion on Wanshou Mountain. The Buddha Pavilion is built on a square abutment with a height of 2 1 m.. The pavilion is 40 meters high, with 8 sides, 3 floors and 4 double eaves. There are eight huge iron rosewood Optimus Prime in the pavilion, which is a classic building with quite complicated structure. Cloisters and corner pavilions are common garden forms. The promenade of the Summer Palace is about 728 meters long, which is the longest in the world. There are more than 14000 paintings in the gallery, all of which are traditional stories or flowers, birds, fish and insects. The 8-corner double eaves on the east bank of Kunming Lake are like pavilions, which is also the largest in China. In addition, the beamless hall at the top of Wanshou Mountain is all made of masonry, without a support, and its technical level is extremely high. The casting and carving techniques embodied in the Summer Palace are also first-class. For example, the huge vibrating iron cow on the east bank of Kunming Lake has a realistic shape and an inscription on its back. The huge stone boat on the shore of Hubei Province, carved beams and painted buildings, is extremely wonderful. The architectural style of the Summer Palace absorbs the essence of all the buildings in China. The palace area and the inner courtyard area in the east are typical northern quadrangles, and the enclosed courtyards are connected by verandahs. The lake area in the south is a typical West Lake style in Hangzhou. A "Su Causeway" divides the lake into two, full of Jiangnan customs; To the north of Wanshou Mountain, there is a typical Tibetan Lama Temple style, white pagoda bunker-style building; Suzhou Street in the north is a typical water town style, with many shops and vertical waterways.

Zhoukoudian ancient site

This is an ancient human cultural site, located in Gulong Mountain, Zhoukoudian, Fangshan, about 48 kilometers southwest of Beijing, where Peking man and Neanderthal fossils were found. There are 8 ancient human cultural sites and mammalian fossil sites on the mountain. From 1929 to the 25th position, most of them are near Zhoukoudian. 1929, Chinese paleontologist Pei Wenzhong discovered the first ape-man skull here, which caused a sensation in the world. Since then, Zhoukoudian has become famous as the "hometown of apes" in China. Since 1949, more and more Chinese and foreign people have visited and studied, and now it has become a tourist attraction, among which "Peking man" site and "Neanderthal" site are the most representative. In the west of Zhoukoudian village, there are two hills parallel to the east and west. There is a big cave in the east, commonly known as the Ape Cave. After 1929, it is called the first position of Zhoukoudian, which is about140m long from east to west and 20m wide in the middle. "Beijingers" lived in Zhoukoudian for about 600,000 years until 200,000 years ago. The culture of "Beijingers" began more than 600,000 years ago, to more than 400,000 years ago, with a middle period of 400,000-300,000 years ago and a late period of 300,000-200,000 years ago. The first complete skull fossil of Peking man was found here, which shocked the world at that time. In the subsequent archaeological process, "Peking man" fossils, "Neanderthal man" fossils, stone products and fire remains were excavated one after another. It is strongly proved that early humans who lived 250,000-600,000 years ago could make stone tools, use fire for heating and cooking, which provided great help for studying human evolution. Zhoukoudian ape-man site is an ancient human cultural site with the richest homo erectus fossils, fire remains and primitive human fossils in the world. It is listed in the world cultural heritage list by UNESCO and belongs to the national key cultural relics protection unit. "Beijingers" choose Zhoukoudian area to settle down because limestone is easily dissolved by water, forming many caves and cracks, providing good living conditions. Now, on the north slope of Gulong Mountain to the west of Zhoukoudian, there is a cave where Beijingers live. The remains of Peking man found in the cave include a complete and relatively complete skull, facial bone, mandible, teeth, broken femur, residual tibia, upper arm bone, clavicle and wrist bone.

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