How to improve the technology of photography? Please, great gods.

If you want to take good photos, you must first know what kind of photos are good, and how to evaluate photography. This requires you to know something: chromatics, composition theory, photography lighting, photography technology (portrait, still life, landscape, sports, news photography ...). It makes people feel numb. In fact, these things are not difficult to understand. When watching TV at ordinary times, you can observe how people shoot, and you can get unexpected gains. I suggest you find a photo that you think is the best, imitate other people's works first, and then you will know where your gap is. Learning photography is boring, and taking courses is undoubtedly a shortcut to master this technology. But mastering photography requires a lot of accumulation, so self-study is very important. It is also a good way to study with questions, buy some books to read (even don't buy them, go to the bookstore to find the answers) and make some friends who know photography. Recently, I studied photography seriously for a period of time; Summarized some feelings of learning photography; I hope I can help you. With the improvement of people's quality of life and the popularity of digital cameras, photography has gradually entered our lives. A large number of photographers hope to improve their photography level as soon as possible, but now the domestic photography education (especially universal education) is relatively backward. At present, the formal photography education in China is mainly divided into professional colleges and universal training/correspondence. Of course, more photographers choose to buy books for self-study and rely on online learning. No matter what kind of photography teaching, there are many misunderstandings. Summarize some of my experiences and lessons in learning photography technology in recent years, hoping to give you some help in learning photography, and hope that we can discuss with each other and make progress together. First, photography is based on technology, but the camera is just a tool. Although a good photo needs good creativity, beautiful composition, vivid interest center and attractive name, it is a photo after all. As long as it is a photo, it needs exposure of photosensitive materials, lens shooting, mechanical and electronic components working and correct operation. Therefore, it is not enough to have good ideas. You should also have the skills to control the equipment in your hand, otherwise you can't turn your ideas into the photos you want. The technology I'm talking about here includes the understanding of equipment (including usage, advantages and disadvantages), the understanding of photographic control means, and the correct operation method. These are real theories or real practices. You can't be lazy at all. Just like memorizing words, there are no shortcuts. It can only be accumulated through time. Second, stick to the manual laminating machine. Many beginners have this idea: the current digital camera is not expensive, and the effect is quite satisfactory, and it can be taken immediately. After the film comes out, you can adjust it yourself, so you don't have to be angry with the printing shop, and you also save money on the film. So this is the best way to get started in photography now. I can tell you for sure that this will affect your study of photography technology. Now talk about my reasons; Digital cameras can shoot in real time, and any problems can be found in real time. In fact, one of the charms of photography is the unknown factor after pressing the shutter, and it is precisely because of this factor that you will continue to learn how to see the world with a camera and think about problems. You can use numbers to save money. It is because taking pictures is not a burden for you that you will take pictures without considering anything. Think about it. If every pp you shoot is expensive, you will cherish it and shoot it with great care (I am using 4*5 now). The film can be adjusted by computer. There is no denying that the current printing shop is really irritating, but it is careless to think that it can be repaired by computer in the future when shooting. You have to ask yourself like a backhand, from composition, lighting to other technical means, there is no room for adjustment in the final film for you to make continuous progress. Digital with manual adjustment can also learn photography well. Although many digital cameras have manual adjustment, the structure of most digital cameras is very different from that of traditional cameras. This means that different operation methods are not good for practicing basic skills. Then why a manual camera? Isn't the automaton also adjusted manually? The reason is that you haven't practiced enough basic skills and your brain. Using the camera with the simplest function will make you consider any factors that will affect the photo effect more comprehensively. At the same time, combining the above points, you will find that your photography skills will improve rapidly. Third, the difference between films is far greater than that between lenses. You can skip this question if you insist on taking pictures with numbers. If you choose to use film to learn photography, then this is the first truth you should remember. The quality of the lens has a decisive factor on the photo, but the choice of film determines whether the photo you take is successful or not. Each manufacturer's different types of films have their own unique characteristics and the best scope of application. For example, the RVP photographer will turn into pig liver color, and the scenery color of rap shooting is too soft. At the same time, the film development process is also very strict, and there will be some differences that the human eye can't distinguish, so we should distinguish between primary and secondary, and don't ignore the most important factors that affect the film effect. I really don't like DX, which can't even grasp the stirring and time clearly. What are you shouting about analyzing pure medicine and distilled water? If you find a film that you like after trying, you should stick to it as much as possible, so that you can be confident when shooting. That is to say, if it is an important shooting, try not to use films that you are not familiar with (especially black and white negatives and color inversion). Fourth, for beginners, whether it is mass zoom or professional fixed focus, the films produced may be the same. Many people may think this is a fallacy. But it's true. It's not that your lens is really good or not, but that you didn't give full play to the potential of a lens when you were a beginner, and there will be many basic skills deficiencies that led to this ending. So there is no need to rush to upgrade your career (if you have money to burn, of course, no problem). Let's spend our energy and money on other things. It's not too late to upgrade until you can make a relatively good film with a bad brain. If you want to take a good photo, you should start with your garden. This is an impressive sentence since I learned photography. It seems to be said by a foreign master. Actually, the meaning is very simple. You don't have to travel all over Tibet, Sichuan and so on to learn photography. Look around you carefully. In fact, there are many things worth shooting. This will not only save time and money, but also make people discover some interesting lives that they don't usually notice. Isn't it killing two birds with one stone? There is another meaning here, that is, trying to contact macro photography. Macro photography is a very interesting shooting subject with relatively little investment. You can often take some distinctive photos at low cost and in a short time, and you also have good skills. This will increase your interest in photography and improve your skills unconsciously. 6. Shoot with a fixed-focus lens as much as possible. Now optical technology has made large aperture zoom lenses relatively popular, but this is not a good thing for novices. Because a large aperture zoom lens is more expensive than a fixed-focus lens of the same grade, you will also have a dependence, and you will not seriously think about the shooting angle, shooting range and perspective effect before lifting the camera. This will not only make you lose your sense of composition and lens, but also slow down your shooting speed and ignore other considerations before shooting. Take out about 60% of the money you are going to buy equipment to buy cameras and lenses. If you have a budget for equipment, you'd better spend only 60% on the fuselage and lens. The rest of the money should be used to buy films and photographic accessories, and try to buy the best ones you can afford. Eight, the fuselage is just a device that connects the lens and the film and exposes it correctly. The lens really determines the quality of the photos you take. It is absolutely said here that some special lenses still need a camera that can provide powerful functions, but as an amateur photographer, most of your lenses don't need too many functions. So when you choose the fuselage, you only need to meet some basic requirements and save money to buy some better lenses, provided that you can control these devices. Nine, usually take a roll 135, how many pieces can you take? This is a problem that beginners are very concerned about. Now the camera is very smart, as long as you operate it correctly, it will give you a success rate of more than 90%. But if you really want to learn photography, you should choose 3-5 best films from a volume and think the others are not good, and learn to deny the past films as you shoot more. In this way, your skills will continue to improve. As long as my film is enlarged to 4R, if I take pictures according to this standard, it can only be regarded as a commemorative photo. As a photographer, color negative should always put eight inches, the color inversion should be more than two meters, and the black-and-white film should be 12 inch (although this is rare). Only in this way can you take every shutter press seriously and seriously think about photography technology. Basic photography training 1, Quan Jingshen practical subjects: general scenery, flowers, urban buildings and other scenery with strong impact. Requirements: All the pictures are in focus. Suggestion: First use a wide-angle lens: 24 mm-35 mm, and the aperture: F 1 1- 16. The aperture in AE mode is preferred. Training 2, single focus practice requirements: focus only ... basic photography training! ! ! ! Very useful! 20 10-02-28 12:35 | (classification: default classification) Unit 1 Basic photography training 1, Quan Jingshen Practice subjects: general scenery, flowers, urban buildings and other scenery with strong impact. Requirements: All the pictures are in focus. Suggestion: First use a wide-angle lens: 24 mm-35 mm, and the aperture: F 1 1- 16. The aperture in AE mode is preferred. Training 2, single focus exercise requirements: only focus on the subject, shallow depth of field. Suggestion: medium telescope head: above 85MM, aperture above F5.6. Aperture priority AE mode. Training 3, freeze-frame exercise subjects: sports, driving, trains, running water, waterfalls, etc. Requirements: record the instantaneous action or expression of the subject in intense exercise. Suggestion: high-speed shutter11000 seconds, and shutter speed in AE mode is preferred. Training 4, dynamic exercise subjects: sports, dynamic characters, running water, waterfalls, etc. Requirements: Athletes and dynamic figures have blurred body parts or blurred body background. Flowing water, waterfalls, etc. have a sense of streamline. Suggestion: slow shutter115s-1 1 sec. 1/30 seconds to start practicing, and then 115, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2,1second to practice step by step. Use a tripod. Training 5, framing practice requirements: highlight the theme, the picture is concise, can convey the atmosphere of the scene * This training is the basis of composition training. Suggestion: Telescope head, large aperture. Training 6. Close-up exercises: flowers, still life, insects, etc. Requirements: the proportion of the subject in the picture should be as large as possible, highlighting the shape and interesting parts of the subject, and the clarity should be high. Suggestion: Use macro lens or macro function and close-up lens ring to shorten the shooting distance as much as possible and keep the lens parallel to the subject. Use tripod and cable to release. Training 7, the use of various focal length lenses (focal segment of the lens) Practice shooting with various focal length lenses (focal segment of the lens), so as to understand the characteristics of each focal length of the lens, understand the drawing angle and perspective relationship, and flexibly use the different depth of field of each focal segment. Standard lens: a lens with a focal length of about 50MM-extremely natural and not exaggerated. Wide-angle lens: a lens with a focal length less than 35MM-emphasizes the sense of distance. Telescope head: a lens with a focal length of 85 mm ~ 135 mm-closest to the perspective sense (distance) of the human eye, which can correctly reflect the shape of the subject. YF is mainly used for portrait photography. Telescope head: a lens with a focal length of more than 200MM-almost no sense of distance and compression effect. (Easy to shake, try to use a tripod) Unit 2: Picture composition and composition training exercise 8. Description object: scenery, mountains, rivers, buildings, people, etc. Requirements: Use horizontal composition to express the sense of stability and width, and use vertical composition to express the sense of depth and height. There should be no useless space in the picture. Suggestion: 1. Use horizontal and vertical composition for the same theme. Compare the different feelings of works. 2. Use a lens above the standard focus to express the sense of stability in horizontal composition, and use a wide-angle lens to express the sense of width. 3. Use a wide-angle lens to express the sense of depth and height in vertical composition, and pay attention to the position configuration of close-range and distant view in the picture. Pay special attention to the horizontal and vertical when composing a composition, and use a tripod. Exercise 9. Theme of triangle composition: triangle or triangle-like scenery, architecture, character modeling, etc. Requirements: Use triangles in different positions in the drawing to show a sense of stability, jumping, height and width. Suggestion: 1. There are easily recognizable triangles in the picture, and the complex objects composed of triangles should be focused realistically. Have a sense of balance. 2. For tall and slender scenery such as tall buildings and roads, use a wide-angle lens below 20 mm.. 3. Practice with the depth of field prediction function 10. Symmetrical composition of the subject: all scenery, figures, buildings, etc. The composition is symmetrical. Requirements: Use symmetrical composition to show a sense of stability and surreal artistic conception. Suggestion: 1. Choose a beautiful symmetrical shape. The focus on both sides of a symmetrical shape should be solid, and each symmetrical shape should be obvious. 2. Try to use lenses above the standard focus. Pay attention to keeping the camera parallel to the subject when using the light angle lens. 3. When shooting symmetrical composition scenes on shore and in water, use polarizers. 4. When you have to use a small aperture to get the Quan Jingshen, please use a tripod. Exercise 1 1. Vertical and horizontal composition of the theme: landscape, architecture and other requirements: the picture shows the simple beauty composed of multiple parallel or vertical lines. Suggestion: The lines of the picture should be horizontal or vertical. Exercise 12, take S-shape and diagonal composition: roads, rivers, mountains, bridges and roads in cities. Requirements: Use S-shape to express the sense of depth, and diagonal lines to express the sense of breadth and movement. If the S-shape reaches both ends of the picture and breaks halfway, there should be room in front. Suggestion: the configuration of S-shaped and diagonal lines should have a sense of balance and feel carefully. Whether the theme is clear or not. } the theme should be prominent. Exercise 13. Golden section composition subject: anything can be required: the subject to be represented should be at or near the demarcation point, and the composition should be balanced. The theme should be prominent. There should be no unnecessary parts in the picture. Suggestion: Write a composition according to your own ideas first, and then use the golden section flexibly. Unit 3: light training 1 practice 14. The compensation objects of daytime flash exposure: people, flowers, pets, small-scale natural scenery, still life and other close-range small-scale scenery. Requirements: It is used when the above-mentioned subject is in backlight, side backlight and the surrounding light is stronger than the subject, or when the subject is in darkness during the day. Suggestion: 1. Using the flash to measure the speed synchronously (average photometry) to get the aperture value, and then dividing the index of the flash by the aperture value to get the shooting distance, you can get the photos with accurate exposure. Instantaneous example: the flash synchronization of the camera is1125 seconds, the f value obtained by the camera's automatic metering is 16, and the index (GN) of the flash is 40, that is, 40 ÷16 (f) = 2.5m. At this time, the shooting distance is 2.5m. Namely: GN÷ distance = F. Exercise 15. Use flash to reflect the three-dimensional objects of the work: people, flowers, pets, still life and so on. Requirements: Use an external flash, make the flash leave the camera through the connection, project light from the oblique top or back to create a three-dimensional effect, or project it on the ceiling or use a reflector to create a refracted soft light. The specific projection mode and direction are arranged according to your own intentions. But try to avoid ghosting. Suggestion: Try all kinds of light projection methods and exposure compensation as much as possible to create a three-dimensional effect. Exercise 16, indoor and night lighting photography subject: assembly under indoor lighting and night lighting in cities. Requirements: Use color temperature to create a unique (reddish) atmosphere invisible to the naked eye under indoor and night lighting. Suggestion: The lighting layout in the picture should be as uniform as possible. It is best not to have a strong light source near the lens, and no strong light can enter the lens. Use a tripod when shooting still life, and use ISO400 film when shooting. If you want to get a work faithful to the original color, use 80A filter to correct the color temperature. No exposure. Reference: color temperature: sunny = =5500K, cloudy = =6500K, morning and evening = =4500K, general illumination = =2800K. Exercise 17, Chaoyang, Sunset, Night Scene Subject: Chaoyang, Sunset Mountains, Coastline, Natural Scenery, Night Scene. Requirements: It is necessary to fully reflect the atmosphere in the morning and evening, and to reproduce the gorgeous scenery of the night scene in the morning and evening. There must be no unnecessary objects in the picture, and it is best not to faint. Suggestion: Using manual operation, basically the aperture is around F8 ~ 1 1, AE aperture takes priority, and the perspective is adjusted to infinity, so that bananas can be seen clearly on the most easily visible objects such as point light sources within 10M. Use a tripod and consider multiple exposures. Exercise 18, white objects Subject: white objects such as snow, white beach and white flowers. Requirements: clearly reproduce the texture and tone of white objects. Suggestion: Make proper exposure compensation according to the measured exposure. The compensation amount is generally between 0.5 ~ 1.5 EV, depending on the proportion of white objects in the picture and your work intention. When black and white objects alternate in the picture, they should be adjusted according to their respective proportions. Unit 4: light training exercise 19, application subjects of backlight (transmitted light): people, scenery, flowers, still life illuminated by light from behind and snapshots, etc. Requirements: Make full use of the characteristics of backlight to create a sense of transparency and three-dimensional sense. Pay attention to the brightness balance between the subject and the background, and don't produce a halo beyond the creative intention. Suggestion: Use exposure compensation and reflector. The exposure compensation is +0.5. +1.0,+1.5, ++2.0EV, etc. The greater the compensation, the brighter the subject. If you don't have a good grasp of the exposure compensation, you can shoot more compensation in stages to ensure the success of shooting. Exercise 20, the use of sidelight theme: people, landscapes, flowers, plants, pets, snapshots related to this light. Requirements: Make full use of the shadow effect to make the picture atmosphere conform to your shooting intention, and improve the sensitivity to light through practice. Suggestion: When shooting, observe the subject in the order of smooth light, side light, oblique light, semi-backlight and backlight, and pay attention to side light and backlight. Exercise 2 1, application of point light and drainage in forest: scenery in forest and scenery in cloudy world with drainage characteristics, such as mountains, rivers, lakes and seas. Requirements: Make full use of the characteristics of point lighting and drainage to create an impressive and moving atmosphere. Suggestion: pay attention to the control of light ratio range and exposure, and the difference between light and shade should be appropriate. Measure the exposure in light and shade by spot metering and take the middle value. Exercise 22, Application of Extreme Exposure Subjects: All subjects who want high-profile performance (light and shadow) or low-profile performance (big contrast) require clear photographic intentions and themes, consider the necessity of adopting high-profile or low-profile, and coordinate the atmosphere of the subjects. Suggestion: High-profile exposure compensation is from 0 to +2.0, and low-profile exposure compensation is from 0 to -2.0. Through sectional exposure, exercise 23, the trajectory of the main body of light: cars, boats, starry sky, fireworks, etc. Bloom at night. Requirements: the flow of light should be smooth, the color, shape and streamline size of light should be coordinated with the surrounding atmosphere, and the exposure should be appropriate. Suggestion: Use average metering mode and central key metering mode. You can also set the aperture to F4 or F5.6, and the exposure time is 30 seconds to 2 minutes (door B is available). Fireworks generally use ISO 100 film, and the aperture is between F5.6 and F11. The longest exposure time of starry sky can reach 1 ~ 2 hours. All the above are tripods. Exercise 24: Objects with lighting themes: buildings, plants, etc. that are illuminated by lights at night in the city. Requirements: the visual angle should reflect the charm of the subject, choose the exposure that can fully express the atmosphere, and the proportion of the subject in the picture should be appropriate. Suggestion: use tripod and cable to release, use manual mode, door B or door T, and use exposure compensation of +0.5— 1.5 EV. Pay attention to the brightest and darkest parts of the picture when composing, to avoid disparity in brightness, and pay attention to the problem of fluctuation during long-term exposure. Use a wide-angle lens! Unit 5: Training Exercises with Emphasis on Color 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30 respectively do subject exercises with red, blue, yellow, green, white and black as the main features. Theme: All kinds of objects and figures with the above colors, flowers, etc. Requirements: To show the distinctive features of the above three colors and grasp the three elements of color: hue, lightness and saturation. Suggestion: Pay attention to the performance of cold and warm colors, use color filters and closed photography if possible, and experience the effect of exposure compensation on color performance. Exercise 3 1. Show the transparency of water objects: anything related to water. Requirements: Pay attention to the overall performance of the work while expressing the sense of water transparency. Suggestion: Pay attention to the light reflection on the water surface, use PL mirror and rotate PL mirror to find the best performance. Exercise 32, color contrast object: fields, parks, buildings, etc. Mix various colors to form a contrast. Requirements: Use color contrast to enhance the appeal of the work. Suggestion: Don't let too many colors into the picture. The greater the brightness difference of contrast colors, the stronger the contrast. Bright colors and contrasting colors are easy to stand out, and the real focus and virtual focus of the same color can be compared. Exercise 33. Black and white photography subject: any object, person, etc. Requirements: Understand the relationship between theme and background, and understand the characteristics of black-and-white photography. Suggestion: You need to know the specific changes after the color turns black and white, that is, regard red as a rough black and yellow as a gray. And understand the relationship with gray scale. Exercise 34. Expression of monochromatic theme: social plants in nature, large monochromatic flowers, indoor rooms and halls with uniform colors, etc. Requirements: effective use of uniform tone, balanced composition, and full control of tone. Suggestion: Pay attention to the color saturation, relax the color expression in the picture, and use the color temperature filter. Unit 6: Training exercises to express actions and feelings. Dynamic objects: sports, animals, commemorative activities, flowers, rivers, etc. Requirements: fully record and express the moving objects or figures, show the sense of strength and dynamic beauty of the movement, have a reasonable composition, and master the shutter suitable for the scene and the timing of pressing the shutter. Suggestion: If conditions permit, try to use shutter priority mode. The shutter speed is1/500-11000 seconds when high-speed motion is stopped,11/4 seconds when fluency is displayed, and1/4 seconds when shooting. Exercise 36, the performance of telepresence objects: fire and accident scenes, sacrificial activities, ceremonies, natural meteorological conditions, etc. Requirements: try to show a sense of presence and make people immersive. Even ordinary subjects should use technology and equipment to create a sense of presence. Suggestion: use ultra-wide angle or telescope as close as possible to the subject, and use F 1 1, F 16 and F22 for large depth of field. When representing natural meteorological conditions such as typhoon, rainstorm, fog, rapids, etc., use a tripod, and the shutter of 1/8, 1/4, 1/2 seconds takes precedence, and closed shooting mode can be adopted. Exercise 37, the object of silence: natural scenery. Requirements: Photographers should be quiet and steady, choose the best shooting time and weather, and choose a stable, concise and easy-to-convey composition method. Suggestion: The best shooting time is dawn, evening, moonlit night, rainy day, foggy day and snowy day. Choose symmetry and triangle to increase the sense of silence. The composition should be horizontal and vertical, and there should be no tendency to emphasize concentration and stability. Use a tripod. Exercise 38. Emotional expression theme: Close-up of human and animal faces and bodies (instantaneous motion capture). Requirements: master the best shutter timing and resonate with the heart of the person or animal being photographed. In addition to the face, we should also pay attention to the performance of other limbs with the theme, and pay attention to all the composition details. Suggestion: Start with people around you, especially children and pets, pay more attention to their joys and sorrows at ordinary times, find out interesting features, and then take a snapshot with a telescope when people or animals are not paying attention. Try to use automatic mode when you start practicing.