Basic knowledge structure of photography technology

Composition of basic knowledge of photography technology

Basic knowledge of photographic composition, in real life, many people prefer photography, which is also a pleasure, but photography also needs to pay attention to skills in order to take good photos. Here is the basic knowledge of photographic composition for everyone.

Basic knowledge of photographic composition 1 1, horizontal line composition

Horizontal line composition is often used to express vast scenery, such as sea, lake and grassland.

When taking a picture, you can make a composition according to the position of the horizontal line to show the subject. For example, the subject of our shooting is a lake, so we can put the horizontal line at the position of 1/4 or 1/5 of the picture to highlight the lake below the horizontal line.

Then if your subject is the sky, the horizontal line can be arranged at the lower position of the picture 1/4 or 1/5.

2, vertical line composition

Vertical line composition is often used to represent trees or buildings, which will give people an upward, firm and straight feeling.

If you want to show trees growing upwards or other vertical landscapes, it's best not to leave a blank space at the top of the photo, so as not to leave an infinite subject for the audience.

3. Composition of S-shaped curve

If there is an S-shaped curve in the picture, you can consider using this composition, which is generally used to show the figure of women, or often used when shooting rivers and roads.

4. Diagonal composition

Diagonal composition, that is, the image of the subject in the picture is diagonal, which will have a stronger sense of movement visually. Generally speaking, this composition is often used when shooting fierce racing cars or other speed competitions.

5, triangle composition

It is well known that triangles are stable, and the same effect can be achieved by using this composition method when taking pictures. Used to express the sense of stability of characters and the grandeur of nature.

6, guide wire composition

This composition technique is often used to shoot bridges or straight roads, which makes the picture have a strong sense of depth and enhances the mystery and unknown feeling at the end of the picture.

For example, in the photo below, the stone pile in the foreground is a guiding line, which leads everyone's attention to the farthest ship.

7. Decentralized composition

Scatter composition is a picture composed of scattered shapes. Its main feature is that "the shape is scattered but the spirit is not scattered", which is more commonly used to photograph cows, sheep or horses on the ground or flowers scattered on the grass. Make the picture have a strong sense of rhythm.

8. Three-point composition

Divide the whole picture into nine identical areas, and arrange the subject at the four intersections of the dividing line or any dividing line when shooting.

Triangular composition can avoid the dull and boring picture.

Basic knowledge of photography 2 Composition should pay attention to echo and symmetry, which is the traditional aesthetic standard of China. Based on this, the composition of photographic works should also pay attention to the following aspects:

1, horizontal position, so that the taken image will not be skewed. You can use buildings, telephone poles and other objects parallel or vertical to the ground as reference objects, and try to keep the picture balanced when taking pictures.

2, good color balance, the picture should have a strong sense of hierarchy, to ensure that the main body can stand out from all backgrounds. Such as complementary colors, the so-called red flowers and green leaves are in line with this truth. With the same color balance, people wearing black clothes generally don't arrange to shoot on a dark background.

3. Foreground can balance the picture. Sometimes, when we find that the vacancy on the picture is unbalanced, such as when the sky in Wan Li is cloudless and monotonous, we put drooping branches and leaves on it to make up for the lack of the picture; Sometimes the bottom of the picture can't be pressed. When the top is heavy and the bottom is light, you can use rocks and railings as the foreground, and the dark color makes the picture feel depressed, achieving a stable and balanced effect. The foreground adopts the expression of virtual focus, which gives people a feeling of hazy beauty.

In real life, all stable objects have a balanced form: the four legs of the table are stable; Building a house with a small bottom and a big top gives people a feeling of instability; Carrying a heavy burden makes it inconvenient to walk; The posture of people in labor is obviously a posture of seeking physical balance to meet this labor characteristic. ...

Many life phenomena cultivate people's psychology of demanding balance and play a role in people's aesthetic process. Generally speaking, the picture should be balanced and stable, which makes people feel stable, harmonious and complete. Using people's psychological factors for balance, we can emphasize the expressive force of the picture from several aspects:

A, symmetrical composition, symmetry has always been emphasized by our nation, and it has always been a palace. The capitals are all symmetrically arranged. It emphasizes a solemn atmosphere, and a simple and solemn relationship is displayed in a "stable" symmetrical balance.

B, the virtual and the real echo the layout, just like Jiangnan gardens. In some lyrical landscape pictures that emphasize elegance, quietness and softness, it is required that there can be sparse and dense, virtual and real in the changing balance picture, but overall balance is required. In an idyllic scene, such as a cow in the lower left corner and a cloud in the sky in the upper right corner, it would be better.

How to grasp the photographic sensitivity of beginners?

Set sensitivity

ISO sensitivity is an indicator of light sensitivity. The higher the sensitivity, the more sensitive to light. Generally speaking, the higher the sensitivity, the better the effect when shooting moving objects or low light. However, at high sensitivity, there are more noise signals in the image, and the definition is also reduced. On the contrary, at low sensitivity, the image noise signal is reduced and the image quality is better, but it is not suitable for shooting moving objects or low light environment.

Many players often encounter the following situations: shooting in places where flash is forbidden, such as exhibition halls, we have to use flash, and the result is blurred photos. If the flash is used, the subject will reflect light and affect the picture. The same thing can happen indoors or in dark places.

An easy way to take good photos without using flash is to adjust ISO. Of course, if the ISO setting is improved, the graininess of photos will be more serious, which requires users to master flexibly according to the situation at that time. As we are familiar with traditional cameras, ISO sensitivity indicates the sensitivity of film to light, which is equivalent to100,200,400. The greater the sensitivity value, the more suitable it is to be used in dimly lit places, but it will lose the vividness and naturalness of colors.

By the way, when tone and image reproduction are strict, it is best to use low-sensitivity films with ISO sensitivities of 25 and 64. In order to meet the needs of various occasions, films with ISO sensitivity of 400 are often used, and even films with ISO sensitivity of 800 and 1600 suitable for taking pictures in the dark (disposable cameras) are used.

Although the digital camera does not use film, it is equipped with similar functions and can change its ISO sensitivity (some models cannot change the ISO sensitivity setting, please confirm it in the manual of the digital camera). In this way, when using, when you want to make the shooting effect better, set the ISO to 100, and set the ISO to 400 when the light is insufficient.

Here we want to prevent hand shaking in dark places, so we set ISO to 400. We can set ISO according to the following steps. First, bring up the menu screen and select ISO sensitivity. Then select the highest value of 400 from the ISO sensitivity. After the ISO sensitivity is doubled, the shutter speed can be doubled to make basically the same exposure (the lens aperture is unchanged).

Basic knowledge of photographic composition 3 What is photographic composition?

Photography and composition are one of the basic skills. The same thing has different compositions at different positions and angles. Different compositions are different perspectives, and different perspectives are the individualization of picture language.

Introduce several photographic compositions:

First, the composition of balance.

Give people a sense of satisfaction, perfect picture structure, clever arrangement and balanced correspondence. It is often used for moonlit nights, water, night scenes, news and other topics.

Second, diagonal composition

Arranging the subject on the diagonal can effectively use the length of the diagonal of the picture, and at the same time, it can also make the companion have a direct relationship with the subject. Dynamic and lively, it is easy to produce the convergence trend of lines, attract people's attention, and achieve the effect of highlighting the subject (such as spotlight illuminating the subject).

Third, Jiugongge composition (also known as TIC-tac-toe composition)

Place the subject or important scenery at the intersection of Jiugongge. The four intersections of the word "well" are the best positions of the main body. Generally speaking, the intersection on the upper right is the most ideal, followed by the intersection on the lower right. But it is not static. This composition format is more in line with people's visual habits, making the subject naturally become the visual center, with the characteristics of highlighting the subject and making the picture tend to be balanced.

Fourth, vertical composition

Can fully show the height and depth of the scene. It is often used to show pictures composed of vertical lines such as towering trees, steep rocks, waterfalls and skyscrapers.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) bends and composes.

The scenery on the screen is in the form of S-shaped curve composition, which has the characteristics of extension and change, making people look rhythmic and producing a beautiful, elegant and harmonious feeling. When it is necessary to express the subject in the form of curve, we should first think of S-shaped composition. Commonly used in rivers, streams, winding paths, paths, etc.

Six, centripetal composition

The main body is in the center, and the surrounding scenery is in the form of composition concentrated towards the center, which can strongly lead people's eyes to the center of the main body and play a role in gathering. It has the distinct characteristics of highlighting the subject, but sometimes it will also produce the feeling of oppression and embarrassment.