What is the green prevention and control technology of greenhouse? How to prevent and control pests and diseases in a green way?

What should I do after pests and diseases appear in the process of vegetable planting in greenhouse? Most vegetable farmers first think of chemical pesticides, because the use of chemical pesticides has the characteristics of strong killing effect and good effect, but it has a negative impact on the ecological environment and human health. In recent years, vegetable diseases and insect pests in greenhouse have become one of the main threats to the safety of vegetable production. Using chemicals not only requires a lot of manpower and material resources, but sometimes the control effect is not ideal. If scientific and reasonable prevention and control measures are taken before the occurrence of pests and diseases, and the occurrence of pests and diseases can be controlled at a lower cost, green prevention and control technology is one of the first choices for everyone.

What is the green prevention and control technology of greenhouse?

Green prevention and control in greenhouse refers to the limited use of comprehensive technical measures such as agricultural ecological prevention, physical prevention and biological prevention to control pests and diseases on the premise of ensuring the target yield and quality of vegetables and the ecological environment safety of vegetable fields.

Agricultural ecological control: In greenhouse vegetable production, the available agricultural ecological control measures mainly include selecting disease-resistant varieties, scientific rotation, improving cultivation methods, cultivating healthy plants without pests and diseases, and creating a field ecological environment that is not conducive to the growth and development of pests and diseases. Physical prevention and control: the purpose of preventing and controlling pests and diseases is mainly achieved through measures such as high-temperature stuffy shed, insect-proof net and hanging board. Biological control: mainly using natural enemies, such as pest control, mite control and bacterial control. Pesticide prevention and control: In terms of green prevention and control, the use of pesticides requires giving priority to the use of biological pesticides and some mineral pesticides. Common pests and diseases in greenhouse vegetable cultivation

There are many kinds of common diseases and insect pests in greenhouse vegetable cultivation, both underground and aboveground:

Ground diseases: Fungal diseases include powdery mildew, downy mildew, gray mold and leaf mold. Bacterial diseases include bacterial angular leaf spot and viral diseases. Underground soil-borne diseases: root-knot nematodiasis, Fusarium wilt and root rot. The common pests in greenhouse vegetable cultivation are whitefly, aphid, spider mite, thrips, underground pests such as grubs, needle worms and so on.

Green prevention and control of vegetable diseases and insect pests in greenhouse

How to control pests and diseases in greenhouse vegetable cultivation? First of all, we should choose insect-resistant varieties or insect-resistant varieties, which is the most economical, effective and green pest control method; Secondly, we should choose healthy seedlings without diseases and insects.

First, choose healthy seedlings without pests and diseases.

Green prevention and control of vegetable diseases and insect pests in greenhouse puts forward stricter requirements for seedling greenhouse, seed, substrate and seedling management.

1, seedling greenhouse requirements

It is best to use a special greenhouse for seedling raising to avoid bringing pests and diseases into seedling raising during production. Vents in the greenhouse, including the top and waist vents, should be sealed with 40-60 mesh insect net, and the entrance should be hung with insect net curtain to ensure that exotic migratory pests such as LEPIDOPTERA pests, winged aphids and whiteflies cannot enter the nursery greenhouse and reduce the source of pests.

2, seedling substrate requirements

When selecting seedling substrate, it should be clean and germ-free. Unused peat and vermiculite can be used and disinfected with biological pesticides, such as Trichoderma harzianum or Pythium oligoandrosaceus.

3. Seed requirements

Ensure that the seeds are free from pests and diseases, and the seeds need to be disinfected before seedling raising and sowing. Traditional physical methods can be used to soak seeds in warm soup. The specific method is: soak the seeds in normal temperature water for 15 minutes, then soak the seeds in hot water at 55~60℃, and keep stirring constantly to keep the water temperature at 10~ 15 minutes. At this temperature, fungi and eggs carried on the surface or epidermis of seeds are basically killed. Then let the water temperature drop to 30℃ for seed soaking. In order to make the sterilization effect more thorough, the seeds can be soaked with pythium shaoxiong wettable powder 10000 times aqueous solution.

4, seedbed management requirements

The seedbed management after emergence should strictly control the environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and light according to the growth requirements of each vegetable, so as to reduce the probability of occurrence of pests and diseases. At the same time, strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, promote the growth of seedlings and enhance the ability to resist pests and diseases. In pest control, prevention should be strengthened. After cotyledons are unfolded, Pythium Shaoxiong 10000 times WP or Trichoderma harzianum 1500 ~ 3000 times WP should be sprayed to prevent fungal diseases such as collapse. Spray it on the leaves once before transplanting to further prevent harmful fungi and ensure that the seedlings are germ-free.

During the period of vegetable seedling raising, pests rarely occur, and aphids, whiteflies, thrips and other pests occasionally occur. Yellow boards can be inserted in the flower beds of greenhouses to attract and prevent aphids and whiteflies. Insert a blue board to lure thrips. If the insect situation is found to be on the rise, it can be controlled by spraying 0.3% matrine 1000~ 1500 times, or 0.3% azadirachtin 150~200 times, or 95% mineral oil 150~200 times.

After the above inspection, strong seedlings without pests and diseases will be cultivated.

Second, the greenhouse production preparation

1, pay attention to stubble

Pay attention to stubble and avoid continuous cropping. Because crops of the same species or family generally have similar diseases and insect pests, especially some soil-borne diseases and insect pests. Continuous planting of these pathogens and pests will accumulate in the soil one by one, thus aggravating the pests and diseases one by one.

Step 2 install insect net

Vents in greenhouses, including entrances, should be equipped with 40-60 mesh insect-proof nets. In addition, doing the following work will also help to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases in the shed.

3. Clean up the garden and dig deep into the land

Before soil preparation, the residual plants and new weeds left by the previous crop should be cleaned up and taken out of the greenhouse. Because they are often hiding places for bacteria and pests. Organic fertilizer used as base fertilizer must be completely decomposed, and the organic fertilizer that is not decomposed often contains a lot of germs and pests. Another point is to pay attention to deep excavation, which is generally required to reach 25~30 cm. In the process of deep excavation, the living environment of underground pests and germs will be destroyed, and their numbers can also be effectively reduced.

4, greenhouse sterilization and pest control

In order to kill their germs and pests more thoroughly, it is necessary to disinfect the greenhouse and soil. I want to remind you that there are many ways to disinfect the greenhouse, and you can choose the appropriate method according to your own conditions. However, it is necessary to choose a suitable time for soil disinfection. At present, the green prevention and control measures adopted in greenhouse disinfection mainly include high temperature stuffy shed, ozone disinfection and sulfur fumigation.

(1) high temperature stuffy shed

Vegetables for autumn and winter crops are generally planted in early September. In the high temperature season from July to August before planting, we can use the shed-off time of the greenhouse to choose sunny days and close the greenhouse for high temperature stuffy shed. 15~20 days later, the germs and pests in the shed and most soil surfaces will be killed.

The production of greenhouse vegetables for winter and spring crops is generally planted at the end of February and the beginning of March, and the time is1~ February. Because of the cold weather, it is not effective to close the greenhouse at high temperature before planting. Other disinfection methods, such as ozone and sulfur fumigation, can be used for greenhouse disinfection and pest control.

(2) Ozone disinfection

Ozone is a colorless gas with the smell of grass, and its chemical molecular structure has a strong oxidation because it has one more active oxygen atom than oxygen molecules. This oxidation can kill bacteria, viruses, fungi and nematodes. Ozone is very unstable, and it can be automatically reduced to oxygen within 30 minutes at room temperature, and oxygen is a beneficial gas needed by human beings and other organisms, so there will be no problems such as environmental pollution.

(3) Sulfur fumigation

Sulfur powder is a yellow powder extracted from natural ore and has obvious smell. Burning sulfur powder for fumigation and disinfection has good sterilization and pest control effect. When fumigating and disinfecting with sulfur, 2~3 kilograms of sulfur is needed per mu of greenhouse. At the same time, it is equipped with a certain proportion of flammable substances such as sawdust. Seal the greenhouse, use iron or ceramic trays as containers, spread newspapers or sawdust under it to help burn, put sulfur powder on it, and evenly place six points in the greenhouse. After the newspaper or sawdust is lit, sulfur will begin to melt under the action of high temperature, releasing pungent sulfur dioxide gas. Sulfur dioxide forms sulfurous acid when it meets water. Sulfuric acid has oxidation, which can kill pests, germs and other harmful organisms at the bottom of the greenhouse, and it will be fumigated in a closed way. In addition, if it is an external sulfur fumigator, pour sulfur powder and plug it in. 59996.9999999999 1

(4) soil disinfection

For greenhouses with serious soil-borne diseases, sunlight can also be used to directly disinfect the soil at high temperature. In the midsummer season from July to August, it is best to pour some water into the ploughed soil, keep a certain humidity, cover the ground with discarded plastic film, and compact the surrounding soil. In this way, the soil temperature in the range of soil surface 15cm can be increased to 55 ~ 75 cm. At this high temperature, most soil-borne diseases and insect pests, such as root-knot nematodes, grubs, needle worms and some germs, are easily killed.

Third, the green prevention and control of greenhouse vegetables after planting

After the preliminary work, the greenhouse with no pests or less pests is ready. However, it is not enough to have a healthy growth environment. In the next planting process, there is still a lot of green prevention and control work to be done.

1, green pest control

(1) hanging sample

Hang the yellow board and blue board as soon as possible. This is the same as when raising seedlings. The purpose is to trap and kill aphids, whiteflies and thrips. 25 cm× 30 cm color plates need to be evenly distributed and hung in each acre of shed. The hanging height should be 10~ 15 cm above the plant growth point, and the height will increase with the plant growth.

(2) Using natural enemies to control pests

Insects are natural enemies of pests and are used to control pests, such as aphids, aphids and ladybugs. However, the number of natural enemies produced in greenhouse is relatively small, which can't control pests and needs to be released manually.

① ladybugs prevent aphids.

Ladybugs belong to COLEOPTERA, ladybug family. The ladybugs used in production are mainly Harmonia axyridis and Harmonia septempunctata. Using ladybugs to control aphids can release the adults, larvae or eggs of ladybugs in the greenhouse, generally in the early stage of aphid occurrence, so that a small amount of ladybugs can control the harm of aphids.

When released, the ladybug is placed in a shallow container next to the plants where aphids are concentrated, and the eggs are directly stuck in the middle and lower parts of the plants. Generally, eggs can hatch into larvae after 2 days, and the release amount is released according to the interest ratio of ladybugs to aphids 1:40~ 1:60. The best release time is before 10 in the morning and when the temperature in the shed is relatively low after 5 pm. This is beneficial to improve the survival rate of ladybugs in greenhouse. In addition, it should be noted that chemical pesticides are strictly prohibited one week before release and during prevention and control.

(2) Whitefly control in Taiwan Province.

Aphidae, Aphidae, Aphidae and Aphidae are all very small, about 0.6 mm. Aphida wasp is the natural enemy of whitefly, which can lay eggs in the nymph of whitefly and develop into adults, and turn the nymph of whitefly into black pupa, which can not continue to develop. When whiteflies appear in the greenhouse, aphid wasps should be released immediately. The pupa of the aphid wasp sticks to the lateral fork of the plant. 1~2 days later, the aphid wasp began to break its shell one after another, and then corroded the nymph of rice planthopper. Generally, it is required to hang 50 pupae in a greenhouse per mu to release Aphid Bees, so as to ensure that Aphid Bees can be released 10000 or so. It is usually published every 7~ 10 days 1 time, and published 3~5 times continuously.

③ Predatory effect of predatory mites on Tetranychus urticae and thrips.

Predatory mites are nocturnal mites that feed on spider mites. Compared with tetranychus mites, predatory mites are not dominant in size, but they move fast and have scissors-like mouthparts, which can easily defeat tetranychus mites. The release of predatory mites should be carried out in the early stage of tetranychus urticae occurrence. In the early stage of vegetable growth, just put the torn bag of predatory mites next to the plants. Generally, 70~ 100 bags need to be put in each mu of greenhouse. It can be released in the middle and late period of vegetable growth, hung on the branches in the middle of the plant, or directly sprinkled on the leaves. In addition, thrips can also be controlled by predatory mites, which is the same as that of tetranychus urticae.

④ Biological pesticide control

If there are many pests in the field, it is necessary to use biological pesticides such as matrine aqueous solution or azadirachtin emulsifiable concentrate before releasing natural enemies. Spray 1 time on the leaves to reduce the population density, and then release the natural enemies one week later.

⑤ Chemical pesticide control

If the population density of pests is not greatly reduced and increased during the release of natural enemies, chemical pesticides can be used for rapid control and rapid reduction of population density. 15 days later, the natural enemies were released again and continued to be controlled. When choosing chemical pesticides, we should choose some high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides that are less harmful to natural enemies. For example, pymetrozine can be used to treat aphids and thrips, which is almost harmless to ladybugs; Flufenoxuron can be used to control Tetranychus urticae, which is harmless to predatory mites. These pesticides should be used in strict accordance with the requirements of product specifications.

2. Green prevention and control of diseases

In order to control vegetable diseases in greenhouse, prevention and comprehensive control are the key.

(1) Adopt scientific and reasonable cultivation methods.

Adopting scientific and reasonable cultivation methods can ensure that vegetables grow in the most suitable environment and are not eroded by diseases as much as possible. For example, in the cultivation process, drip irrigation with plastic film mulching on small ridges is not only water-saving and easy to manage, but also the surface plastic film mulching can prevent the water in the soil from evaporating into the environment and avoid the excessive relative humidity of the air in the shed, thus effectively reducing the occurrence of high-humidity fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, gray mold and downy mildew.

(2) Strengthening cultivation management

It is necessary to strengthen cultivation management, cultivate robust plants, make plants have strong disease resistance, and create environmental conditions that are not conducive to disease occurrence. In temperature management, it is necessary to ensure that vegetables are in a suitable temperature range at different growth stages to make them grow healthily; Fertilizer and water management should be based on the growth characteristics of various vegetables, through watering and formula fertilization to meet the growth needs of plants at all stages; In humidity management, attention should be paid to ventilation and dehumidification, and the relative humidity of air should be kept appropriately low, generally not exceeding 50%.

In addition, maintaining a reasonable density in the field, destroying the old leaves and yellow leaves at the lower part of the plant as soon as possible, enhancing the ventilation and light transmission at the lower part of the plant, and not frequently working in greenhouses with light and heavy diseases can also effectively prevent diseases.

(3) spraying biological pesticides regularly

Regular spraying of biological pesticides with protective effects can also prevent diseases. For example, after planting for two weeks, spraying Pythium parvum or Trichoderma harzianum on leaves every 15 days can prevent fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, gray mold, downy mildew and leaf mold. Foliar spraying of ningnanmycin can prevent virus disease.

If diseases occur in the field, green control should be carried out at the early stage of the disease, and biological pesticides are still the first choice. Hyacinomycin or Pythium oligoandrosaceus can be used to control gray mold and leaf mold; Ningnanmycin can be used to control powdery mildew; Matrine or Pythium oligoandrosaceus can be used to control downy mildew; Ningnanmycin can be used to prevent and treat viral diseases; Agricultural streptomycin can be used to control bacterial angular spot; Bacillus licheniformis or Nongkang 120 can be used to control Fusarium wilt of melons and vegetables. The specific use of each of the above drugs can be carried out according to the requirements of the product manual or under the guidance of professionals.

If the diseased leaves are serious, they should be removed as soon as possible, and the roots of Fusarium wilt should be pulled out and taken out of the greenhouse. These measures can also effectively alleviate the disease. For some low-temperature fungal diseases, such as gray mold, downy mildew, leaf mold and so on. We can also control them by closing the shed at high temperature. High temperature stuffy shed needs strict technical operation, and improper operation can not achieve the expected purpose. Moreover, different vegetables have different tolerance to high temperature and need to be carried out under the guidance of professional and technical personnel.

(4) Chemical control

If the disease develops rapidly in the field, chemical pesticides can be sprayed on some diseases to rapidly reduce the number of bacteria in the field, and polyoxin, thiophanate-methyl, triazole and triadimefon can be used to control powdery mildew. Carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl can be used to control gray mold; Metalaxyl and chlorothalonil can be used to control downy mildew; Chlorothalonil and procymidone can be used to control leaf mold. Foliar spraying should be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of product specifications or under the guidance of professionals.

The application of green prevention and control technology of vegetable diseases and insect pests in greenhouse can greatly improve the edible value and commodity value of vegetables while reducing the amount of chemical pesticides. I believe this technology will be favored by more and more vegetable farmers to help them increase efficiency and income.