Introduction and details of the script

The content script is mainly composed of lines and stage descriptions. The first-person narrator is used in dialogues, monologues and narrators, and lyrics are often used in operas and operas. The stage description in the script is a narrative word written in the playwright's tone. Including the description of the time and place of the plot, the description of the characters' image characteristics, body movements and inner activities, the description of the scene and atmosphere, and the requirements for scenery, lighting and sound effects.

In the history of drama development, the emergence of scripts is roughly when drama is formally formed and mature. The ancient Greek tragedy developed from the original Dionysian ceremony to a complete performing art, which fundamentally marked the emergence of a large number of tragic scripts; China's operas and dramas in the Song and Yuan Dynasties are the most reliable evidence that China's dramas are maturing. The maturity of Indian and Japanese classical dramas is also marked by a number of scripts handed down from generation to generation. However, there are also some mature forms of drama without scripts, such as some burlesque in ancient Greece and Rome, early Italian impromptu comedy, some oral plays of Japanese kabuki, song and dance sketches and funny sketches in the Tang Dynasty in China, and modern pantomime.

The most important thing in script writing is to be able to perform on the stage. Drama text is not the completion of art, but it can only be said in half, and the final artistic presentation is to be performed on the stage (that is, "performance text"). Some scholars in the past dynasties wrote plays that were not suitable for stage performance or even impossible to perform at all. This kind of drama text is called desk drama (also called study drama). Famous as Oscar Wilde's Salome. And a good script can have the dual value of being suitable for reading and creating excellent stage performances.

An original script that can be performed on the stage still needs to be moderately modified to meet the actual needs under the needs of different stages and performers. Therefore, the stage staff will modify a work script different from the original one, and have detailed comments and marks on how a paragraph in the script should be executed. Such a script is called a dictionary or a performance book or a reminder book. mptb？ Bel canto: b? K]). In addition, the script is a complete performance script, and there is a simple stage performance script with only a short plot outline. The actual dialogue and performance depend on the improvisation of actors on the field, and this script is called "screen table".

The script is mainly composed of dialogue between characters (or lyrics) and stage prompts. Stage tips generally point out the tone of the characters' speech, the actions when they speak, or the characters go up and down, pointing out the changes of scenes or other effects.

A long play usually consists of many different paragraphs. In different kinds of plays, different units are used to distinguish paragraphs. In western drama, "screen" is widely used as a large unit, and it is divided into many small "fields" under the screen. China's Yuan Zaju takes "Zhe" as the unit, while South Opera takes "Chu" as the unit, which represents the order in which actors enter and leave the theater. However, after the creation of literati in the Ming Dynasty, the word "Chu" was changed to a more complicated word "Chu". The structure of the script can generally be divided into "beginning, development, turning point, * * *, and then * * * ending". Of course, the structure will change according to the different screenwriter skills.

As we all know, traditional drama structure is an artistic means to organize drama conflicts and arrange plots according to themes and characters. It is an important part of drama creation, and the script is constructed according to the rules of drama. Because life itself develops rhythmically and regularly, the structure reflected in drama conflicts will inevitably form a plot chain of beginning, development, * * and ending triggered by conflict actions, which is arranged in chronological order. The characteristics of this structure are manifested in sub-fields. The whole drama consists of one scene after another, and several scenes make up the whole drama. Each scene has a small * * *, and several small * * * make up a big * * *. Because the traditional drama structure is based on the development of drama conflict, there are also two opposing figures and a central event running through the meridians. Therefore, it develops vertically, so it may be called a strip structure.

Block structure Block structure, as the name implies, its plot develops horizontally, which is very different from the strip structure that develops vertically. There is no obvious * * * component in almost the whole play, because it is not based on external conflicts, but on the activities of character consciousness. There are also some plays. There is no story that begins and ends, and there is no complete plot. I don't see people who are in conflict with each other. There are only a few fragments of life or groups of irregular plots. There is no causal dependence between these scenes, and the structure is very irregular. But they are "scattered in form but not in spirit", but there is an inevitable internal connection between paragraphs. There is usually no scene or behavior, so it is called no play. This is formed by different themes and different writers' ideas.

Mass structure, currently popular in the following two forms:

1, prose structure. This drama structure is similar to the structural form of a literary genre-prose. This kind of drama has no complete story, no highly concentrated contradictions and conflicts, and everything naturally unfolds and ends naturally. It not only emphasizes the documentary nature of life, but also emphasizes the authenticity of emotions and pays attention to expressing the true feelings of characters. It only chooses a few seemingly scattered faces, but it can be "scattered in shape but not scattered in spirit." One of the structural characteristics of this kind of drama is that there is no inevitable dependence between fields; The second feature is that there is no strong * * * and ending; The third feature is that there is no complete story and central event; The fourth feature is that life develops horizontally according to its own time sequence, and "flashback" is rarely used, which belongs to the time sequence structure.

2. Psychological structure. The dramatic structure of this kind of drama is a structural form based on the activities of character consciousness. It is different from strip structure and prose structure in narrative mode, and the latter two are generally carried out in chronological order. The psychological structure interweaves the past, the present and the future according to the changes of the psychological activities of the characters. So it is also called time staggered structure. Its characteristics are: first, it pays attention to the inner world of the characters and analyzes their inner feelings, so as to achieve the purpose of portraying the characters. It doesn't have a complete story, not even gripping contradictions and conflicts, let alone wave after wave of plots. Even the time sequence is irregular, and it is more of a character consciousness activity. Second, the pursuit of subjectivity in narrative. Interweave reality with the past, layout and cut. The reason why this structure does not follow the chronological order, interweaves the present and the past, and can be understood by the audience is based on the principle that the psychological activities of the characters (memories, associations, dreams, etc. ) Not limited by time and space.

The format split-scene script is often used in TV script creation, and movies can also be used, but the movies are short, so the use of split-scene script can highlight the intuitive feeling of movie scripts.

The main scene script adopts the following format:

1, go

What episode

There are mainly the following two kinds of openings.

What scene (act), place, time, people.

Such as: the first act, the lake, in the morning, Zhang Ying and Jing Wong.

Scene (curtain) number, location/indoor/outdoor, location and time.

Such as: 23- 1 (sometimes a field is divided into several small fields, sometimes it is not), outside, Xuan Yue Gate, Wudang Mountain, Japan.

2, the scene

The appearance and characters of the scene can be introduced or not, depending on the situation. If you need to introduce, simply use the image of the picture to explain.

Step 3 act

Action description, many people in the early mainland used triangles, adding triangles before actions, and later spread to Hong Kong and Taiwan, and many scripts also used triangles. The mainland, with brackets and braces, sometimes without symbols, is directly in the corresponding position.

The position of action description can be above or below the dialogue between characters, depending on the order in which the characters speak.

4. Dialogue

There are mainly intermittent dialogues and continuous dialogues. Tips such as expressions and perspectives of characters can be expressed in brackets.

Intermittent dialogue:

For example:

Fang (a little unhappy): Hold it if you can't move it.

Huayu: Hehe, well, as long as Coco says hug.

Fang (smug): That's more like it.

Aunt: Coco, you are such an adult, why are you still acting like a child? Your brother can't even hug and get off.

Continuous dialogue:

For example:

Fang (unwilling): I see. Vilti.

Huayu (to Aunt): Nothing. (Coco) I didn't realize it just now. Coco is almost as tall as me, so she will protect me in the future.

Story board story board, also known as story board, storyboard, split shot, split shot, etc. It is widely used in movies and TV plays. Because there are many story board on TV, it is not common in TV scripts.

Story board, the script that is usually divided after the scene is divided, is mostly a story version (the draft can express the meaning by drawing shots, and a shot painter can also be hired for complex scenes. With the progress of computer software technology, this process has gradually become less important, which can be directly divided into dynamic previews and visual 3D dynamic split-shot. Through software testing, it is mainly used in Xian Xia with complex movements, many virtual scenes and many special effects.

The main flow of the split-mirror script is: text split-mirror, table split-mirror, painting split-mirror, dynamic split-mirror, and post-effect split-mirror.

Text analysis: suitable for beginners, mainly screenwriters or directors. A screenwriter and director who has just changed careers, such as a novice or screenwriter, has never produced a work of his own and wants to win. They can first adapt the obtained literary works into text analysis, and then make formal analysis.

Formal analysis: suitable for experienced people, mainly directors or screenwriters. They have completed many works and have a certain imagination, and can directly adapt literary works or scripts into formal analysis.

Drawing a mirror: it is usually the beginning of original animation production (the beginning of animation adaptation is similar to film and television), and it is also a step of film and television production. Mainly refers to the painter or director (the director does not mean that he has the basic skills of a painter, and some excellent paintings are basically directors from fine arts majors). Animation and contemporary movie themes (simple actions, almost real-life shooting themes) are indispensable, while fantasy movies are gradually declining due to the technological progress of dynamic lens splitting.

Dynamic shots: mainly for dynamic shots, special effects teams and post-production companies. Animation is basically the use of dynamic lens-splitting software such as Photoshop and flash, and film and television is basically the use of dynamic lens-splitting software such as Previz (short for Preview). The Previz production team must ensure that the work can be realized in the shooting, know how the lens will be realized, and be proficient in the film language to give advice to the real shooting team. However, no preparation can replace the real shooting needs on the spot. Making movies is a natural art form, full of unknown challenges. The dynamic split mirror helps to solve potential problems and is one step ahead of the photography team.

Post-special effects division: mainly for special effects teams and post-film and television companies. After the real shooting, the original fantasy theme in the later period is very expensive, and all of them need to be replaced by green screen synthesis. At present, only the real-time camera tracking system (such as SolidTrack) can be used to preview the shooting effect of the work in advance, which simplifies the huge project of special effects in the later period. Solid Track can integrate Previz resources into the real shot material. Through the shooting of the real scene, the real scene is pushed back to the three-dimensional picture, the three-dimensional field is obtained through the shooting of the real scene video, the camera is matched to the picture in real time, and then the tracked camera posture of the real scene is handed over to the rendering platform to match the three-dimensional character, the three-dimensional background or the real person, which is a later process. After perspective matching, the imported virtual character looks like standing next to the real actor. The extension of the virtual scene and the space-occupying special effects can also be added in the Previz stage, and all the contents added in this stage can be quickly operated and adjusted, saving countless time and energy for the subsequent production process.

The following are the main script styles for text segmentation mirroring:

Put brackets {} in front of the action or scene to indicate the scene and shot, and unchanged means the scene is unchanged; It refers to empty mirrors, voiceovers, trademarks, subtitles, titles and other information, and most of them emphasize not the shooting picture itself, but the synthesis of multiple pictures and post-special effects. The lower right is basically the transition mode of the split mirror.

Such as: the original split-shot script of "The Legend of Xian Xia".

According to the scope of application, it can be divided into: drama script, movie script, TV drama script, animation script, micro-movie script, micro-animation script, novel script, cross talk script, sketch script and so on.

According to the theme of the script, it can be divided into comedy, tragedy, historical drama, family ethics drama, thriller drama and so on.

There is also a script that mainly pursues literariness and does not aim at performance, or it is not suitable for performance and lacks action. It is called "desk drama" and "study drama". /kloc-many romantic poets and writers in Europe in the 0 th and 9 th centuries created many poems in this form of drama, but they can only provide reading and are not suitable for performance. Therefore, in drama creation, playwrights should understand the stage and performance, and should handle the literariness and stage of the script in the creation of the script. Because theatrical performance is the ultimate goal. Drama without performance and audience is not drama.

Copyright ownership, script creation ownership, automatic acquisition and registration acquisition. In China, according to the copyright law, works automatically enjoy copyright after completion. The so-called completion is relative, as long as the object of creation has met the statutory conditions for the composition of the work, it can be protected by copyright law as a work. Apply for registration through China Copyright Protection Center and the filing departments of the competent departments of provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The copyright ownership of digital works can also be obtained through the third-party registration centers run by various associations or institutions that can prove the filing and preservation time of works. You can also choose a popular copyright authentication protection platform that integrates various digital copyright technologies and a trusted third-party organization such as a time stamp notary office to independently store and issue intelligent authentication for the first time, and obtain the preliminary proof of the ownership of the work. When necessary, it is the core to enhance the legal effect of evidence through judicial expertise. This method has been popular in many European and American countries for many years.

Creative attention: 1. Don't turn to novel writing.

Script writing is basically different from novel writing. Script writing mainly uses words to express a series of pictures, so people who read the script should be able to instantly connect words with a picture and bring it into the world of animation. Novels are different. In addition to portrait, it also includes lyric sentences, rhetorical devices, and psychological descriptions of roles. These words should not appear in the script.

2. Don't lack the arrangement of actions.

If it is not necessary for the plot, there should not be too much dialogue in the script, otherwise the whole story will become incoherent and look like listening to an audio book to the audience, which makes the play a "soap opera". You know, it's written in movie language, not literary language. It is only suitable for reading what is not suitable for reading, not a good script. Therefore, an excellent movie script, the less dialogue, the stronger the picture sense and the greater the impact.

For example, when writing a person on the phone, it is best not to let him sit still by the phone and just talk. If the plot requires, let him stand up, or take a few steps with his mobile phone, or add some actions when people usually call, so as to avoid the dullness and monotony of the picture as much as possible.

3. Don't produce too many details.

The plot is outside the main line, so it is not advisable to arrange too many auxiliary lines or more than three main lines. When there are multiple main lines, the corresponding auxiliary lines should be reduced. For example, "Dragon's Eight Branches" adopts three main lines alternately, and there is no auxiliary line. Instead, it adds auxiliary lines to the main line in turn to carry out the plot, and finally chooses a big main line to end the plot.

When writing a script, if there are too many details, too many characters in the details and too many scenes interspersed, the story will be complicated, and the audience may not understand it or know what the author wants to express. If there are many important characters in a movie at the same time, and there are many stories among the characters, the audience will not be able to distinguish the stories of each character in a short time.

In the first play, The Black Slave Shouts Heaven, which was staged by Liu Chunshe in Tokyo on 1907 and adapted from the novel Uncle Thomson's Cabin by American writer Mrs. Stowe, is generally regarded as the beginning of Chinese drama history, so The Black Slave Shouts Heaven is China's first play. The play was adapted by Zeng Xiaogu, one of the founders of China's early plays. Zeng Xiaogu participated in four public performances of Chunliu Society from 1907 to 1908, and played a leading role in scriptwriting, performance and stage art, among which Amang's father in the third act of La Traviata was the most successful. At the same time, he greatly processed and recreated the script of Black Slave's Call to Heaven, which reflected the national thoughts of the oppressed people under the persecution of imperialism. In art, it is the first time to adopt the form of drama, which is considered as China's first drama script.

The five-act drama "The Record of Black Slaves Calling Heaven" describes that black slaves are ruled by their owners and lent to others. After he invented the machine for others, he was jealous of the original owner, so he was recalled and deeply abused. His wife and children are slaves of another serf-owner, who faces the tragic fate of separation of mother and child because the master wants to pay debts with slaves. They all escaped, deus ex. The play shows the rebellious spirit of the oppressed, and its ideological content is very realistic. The split-act method, the use of dialogue and action to interpret the characteristics of the story, and the stage image close to real life all indicate that China began to establish an unprecedented new drama form, that is, the later named drama art form.

Movies in all countries basically start with documentaries and then develop into feature films with higher narrative requirements. In this process, people learn how to shoot movies from recent art forms such as drama, and script is an important film creation process by borrowing drama. Like other countries, China's original films, even feature films, have no script, only something similar to the shooting outline. In the early 1920s, with the birth of Yan, the first feature film, there appeared more detailed "skills" than the outline, that is, the embryonic form of the film script written in classical Chinese, including the basic plot, the main characters and their actions, and subtitles.

The first relatively complete screenplay in China's film history was published in 1925, that is, 20 years after the birth of China. The historical drama "Shen Tu's" written by Hong Shen was published in No.65438, Volume 22 of Oriental Magazine +0-3 months. The story of the script was born out of the legend of Shen Tu, a martyr in the Song Dynasty, which was divided into seven sections and 592 scenes. Basically, it broke the style of the stage play script, and used some professional terms such as "fade in", "fade out", "blend in" and "close-up" to change scenes and scenes. Behind the script is an explanation of the film terms he wrote. It is said that this script was written for Hong Shen's "China Film Studio" at that time, but it was not really filmed for financial reasons. Nevertheless, it has become the pioneer of China's screenplay style, which is of milestone significance. It is a new style of film literature and can be used for shooting, publishing and reading.