Traditional Art of Zhanjiang Red Earth Culture

Dragon dance is the soul of folk dance in Leizhou Peninsula, with distinct rhythm, strong drums, great momentum and inspiring people. There are East Island Dragon Dance and Shentang Dragon Dance in Leizhou Peninsula.

East Island Dragon Dance is a large square dance. This dance is popular in dongshan town, the East Island.

Dongshan town, located in the center of the island, has always been a military stronghold. Every year on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, the "Dragon Dance" on the east and west streets of the town will be performed for three consecutive nights, attracting people inside and outside the island to watch. Dragon dance originated in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. At that time, Zhu Yousong, the axe king, led the rest of the troops to withdraw from Hainan, preparing to build a base in Hainan to fight against the Qing Dynasty and regain the light. According to legend, I went on August 15. In order to make the soldiers have a happy Mid-Autumn Festival, the local squire organized various acrobatics to perform among the children. From this time on, the dragon dance movement began to take shape gradually and has been developing to this day. Dragon dancing was popular in Qianlong and Jiaqing years. In the 10th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, Leizhou Garrison Division moved to Wei Dongshan, renamed Dongshan Naval Battalion, with 253 officers and men, and Wu Xiucai's examination room was set up in Wei Dongshan. Since then, Wei Dongshan has developed rapidly. At that time, there was a dragon dance team on Dongxi Street in Dongshan. Wu Xiucai's exam is usually scheduled for August 15. As a result, people watch martial arts during the day and "dragon dance" at night, and the two dragon dance teams also compete with each other in skills. At that time, Dongshanwei was very lively. In this way, year after year, according to the usual practice, the dragon dance has been dancing until now and lasted for a long time.

Its traditional performance venues are the seaside and the small streets of Weizhen. The traditional performance time is August 15th of the lunar calendar. Only in recent years have we stepped out of the island and gradually entered the "square" and stage. The performance time is no longer limited to August 15. As long as there is a festival or a major celebration, it will dance.

The reason why the dragon dance is called "human dragon" is because the "dragons" in the performance are all made up of people, not objects. The dragon body is huge, generally composed of 50 or 60 people, and some have hundreds of people, which is magnificent. The "human dragon" is divided into three parts: dragon head, dragon body and dragon tail. The "dragon head" includes dragon tongue, longan and dragon horn. These three parts are played by three children respectively. The person who plays the leading role should bear these three children at the same time and hold two shields in both hands at the same time. Therefore, actors must be tall and strong, with good basic skills and skilled performance skills. The "dragon body" is the main part of the dragon, and the shoulders of each adult support the children who have made pitching movements one after another. The child wears a dragon suit, and A Dai has a long tassel and a dragon crown, which are connected by parts. The adults of the "Dragon Tail" are still carrying a child. When the "Dragon" dances, percussion instruments such as gongs and drums cooperate rhythmically, and the children who play the leading role hold lanterns or flashlights high to show that longan shines. The dragon body turns left and right, ups and downs. As the dragon head advances slowly, the dragon tail swings from side to side with the formation. The whole dragon is magnificent, magnificent, lively and full of local flavor. In recent years, some local folk artists have reformed and processed the structure, dance steps, dance posture, musical style and rhythm of the people's dragon dance, and formed performances such as "Starting the Dragon", "Dragon Nodding", "Dragon Crossing the Cloud" and "Dragon Rolling Waves" to make it more perfect, which is known as "a must in the East China Sea".

Dragon Dance in Shentang (primitive type) originated in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty (1523). The villagers in Shentang created "Long Ren" to celebrate the establishment of Shentang Fair by Chen Shikai, a local official (Chen Shikai was a scholar and rich in Leiyang, and went to Lingbi County of Anhui Province in autumn).

On August 15 and 16, Mid-Autumn Festival, people revel in the streets of the market. When they forget their feelings, they put their friends on their shoulders. People lying on their shoulders hold the latter's feet with their feet and wrap them around the former's neck, one by one.

"The Dragon's Tongue" is played by a strong young man. Choose a lively and lovely little boy, tie a red ribbon to the chest of the faucet, let the little boy take a bite of the incense in his mouth as the "dragon tongue", and take a piece of incense in each hand as the "longan".

Another little boy rides on the shoulder of the faucet, holding incense as the "dragon horn", while "dragon tail" is a light boy with a good waist. He held a handful of incense in his hand, waved the dragon's tail shape, and the dragon people put the lit incense in their hats as "dragon balls", which formed the predecessor of the "dragon dance" in the shrine, and the length was decided by people without dressing up or dressing up.

For hundreds of years, it has been passed down to this day.

In today's harmonious society, both Zhanjiang and Leizhou attach great importance to the construction of folk culture. In order to explore the 500-year-old traditional cultural heritage and build a cultural brand, Shentang broke the old form, from costumes to movements, and gave a brand-new rehearsal guidance to "People Dragon Dance" on the basis of not changing the original flavor of folk art, so as to integrate strength, art and movements!

Now Leizhou Shentang Longren Dance has been included in the list of "Guangdong Intangible Cultural Heritage" and will spare no effort to declare "World Intangible Cultural Heritage"! Dancing Eagle Gong is a set of traditional folk art created by Zhanjiang people in their long-term labor practice. Based on martial arts and dance, it imitates the action of eagle fighting with Gong. Spread in Lianjiang Xinhua, Hedi and Anpu.

The whole dance of "Dancing Eagle Hero" has a strong plot. The pot-bellied Buddha descended from the sky and came to the jungle in the northern part of Leizhou Peninsula. The monkey in the forest took him sightseeing in the forest. When they go somewhere, they see the eagle and the eagle are sleeping. At this time, the little monkey was so excited that he motioned the pot-bellied Buddha to hide behind the tree, and he patted the eagle and the male on the head respectively. When the eagle and the male woke up, they mistakenly thought that the other was teasing themselves. So, I had a fight. In the battle for the head, the two sides did not give in to each other, and each made a unique attack on the other. Later, the eagles went to war. Seeing that the war was getting more and more fierce, the pot-bellied Buddha quickly came out to tell the truth, and the little monkey apologized to both sides. As a result, the warring parties shook hands and made peace, and a kind situation appeared in the forest. This story contains people's yearning, longing and good wishes for a stable, peaceful and happy life.

Eagle's modeling features are: sharp mouth, wide wings, many claws, smart and brave image. The male is made into a dragon head, a phoenix tail, a leopard body and a unicorn horn, which looks strong and powerful. The performance routines include: awakening the eagle, fighting four doors (spring, summer, autumn and winter or east, south, west and north), washing your face and gargling, crossing the bridge, picking the ground green, picking the azure and so on. Among them, Cai Tianqing's action is amazing, and the actor who plays the eagle has to crouch on a high pole without any protective measures. Then, everyone pushed it upright to show the spectacular scene of "eagle hitting the sky" The hardest part is the climax of the whole dance.

According to villager Chen Zhaoming, during the Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty, there were eagle jumping activities around the two beaches. But it always dances on the ground. In the 1940s, based on his original works, Liang created the difficult skill of lifting the eagle performer into the air with a 4-meter-high wooden pole. Without any protective measures, he lifted the wooden pole with abdominal force and abdomen to balance and rotate at high altitude to pick the green, which greatly improved the performance level of the eagle dancer.

The current squad leader of Zhuyuan Village Eagle Team is Liang's son Liang, who is 63 years old this year. 1988, he led the team to create a double eagle to pick the pole on the green, which increased the height of the pole from 4 meters of his parents to 6 meters, making the eagle dance more thrilling and enjoyable. The team led by him participated in the first and second Guangdong Folk Art Festival, was included in the Guangdong volume of Integrated Chinese Folk Dance, and the Guangdong Provincial Department of Culture [1997] No.52 decided to name the first batch of Guangdong folk art towns. Zhanjiang City and Lianjiang City successively named Xinhua Town as the hometown of eagle dancing, and once appeared in the CCTV program "East, West, North and South".

(Refer to Zhanjiang Evening News February, 2002 10) Floating colors, clay sculptures and flower bridges are also called the three wonders of Wuchuan. From the perspective of performance space, these three wonders just occupy Qi Shui (Flower Bridge), Lu (Clay Sculpture) and Kong (Floating Color). Every year, the Lantern Festival will hold a "three wonders" performance. At that time, the streets and alleys of Wuchuan were crowded everywhere, which was called Wuchuan Carnival. It is precisely because of this comprehensive three-dimensional "three wonders" that Wuchuan City was named as the hometown of Chinese folk art by the Ministry of Culture.

According to textual research, the legend of Gone with the Wind originated in Panyu, and was introduced to Wuchuan in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. As the seat of the municipal government is Meilong, the floating color actually prevails in Meilong town.

The so-called floating color is that several people push a beautifully decorated "color board" with figures in fixed postures arranged on it. It is said that floating color originated in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and experienced two stages: "color change" and "plate color". Color change is to install a wooden iron shaft in the middle of the car and put a perforated plate that can rotate in the middle on it. One or two people dressed in various shapes (these characters are called "demon colors") stand on this board. The plate color makes the characters sit on the "color stage" fixedly, and the costumes are more gorgeous, and the number of characters has also increased to four. The floating color is fixed at 1930, and the old artist Chen Quheng changed the color stalk into an iron bar to make the floating color look gorgeous and amazing. Most of the characters in Gone with the Wind come from traditional dramas that are familiar and loved by the masses, and some of them are well-known local figures with great influence. There are many kinds of floating colors, which can be divided into water color, car color, boat color and so on according to the different placement positions. Wuchuan's floating color belongs to "car color", that is, after dressing up a child as a drama character, it is fixed on a pole more than two meters high in a cart. A car is called "Board". A chessboard consists of several characters, which is called several floats. Such as one person and one board, it is called "one float", and now the largest number has reached six floats and one board. For the sake of aesthetic design, if there is more floating, the characters will stand layer by layer. The performance is mainly in the form of parade, with three or five people pushing carts and setting up gongs and drums on the carts. The uniqueness of Gone with the Wind lies in that, due to superb hiding means, to outsiders, those characters are all standing on the tip of a knife or a fishing rod. Even more amazing, many characters even stand on small living animals (such as chickens and fish). Because "camouflage" is very clever, it is difficult for ordinary people to see the mystery. Some Americans call flowing colors "hidden art".

Gone with the Wind performances are mostly competitive, including street races, country races and town races. This made the scene atmosphere very warm during the whole performance. Coupled with red and green streets and laughter everywhere, the whole town of Meilong is immersed in a festive and peaceful atmosphere.

Gone with the Wind used to be played by adult women, but now most of them are 10-year-old children in disguise. In terms of craft, floating color has also developed from simple carpentry to a comprehensive craft, which combines modern means such as film, drama, magic and acrobatics.

The representative team of Wuchuan Piaose is beauty house Toupiaose Team. This team has participated in many performances at home and abroad and won many honors.

According to the records of Wuchuan County, Wuchuan clay sculpture originated from Wayao Village, Meilong Town. Wayao Village began in the Tang Dynasty, and its ancestral name was Liao, and it migrated from Shiwan, Foshan. Liao brought ceramic handicrafts from Shiwan. Around the Lantern Festival in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, a Potter pinched a small Potter, which attracted many people to watch, so many potters followed suit. Since then, clay sculpture, a folk art, has continued. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, because the emperor often sent people to collect beautiful women everywhere, it caused dissatisfaction among the people. People in Meilong village took advantage of the Lantern Festival to make an exaggerated clay sculpture of the emperor and queen in the street and make fun of the emperor. Since then, local people have become more enthusiastic and interested in making, watching and evaluating clay sculptures.

Clay sculpture is mainly based on ancient myths and historical drama figures such as Pangu's creation of the world, Nu Wa's refining stone to make up the sky, Eight Immortals crossing the sea, the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon and so on. Clay sculpture technology has also experienced a development and change stage from "earth" to "foreign". In the past, straw and bamboo were used to tie tree trunks as clay plastic supports, but now steel bars are tied with iron wires. People also use modern sound and light means to secretly set up some organs so that clay sculptures can shake their heads, shake their heads and move up and down.

About the origin of Huaqiao, it is said that it is related to celebrating the Lantern Festival. People from the village across the river from Meilong Town flock to the town to celebrate the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month, and people from the town flock to the town to set off fireworks every other night. The transition depends entirely on the ship, which is very inconvenient. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the local spring drought caused the river to fall and narrow. On the eve of Lantern Festival, two villagers, Lu Guang and Lu You of Haige Village, decided to take advantage of this rare opportunity to build a bridge to facilitate residents on both sides of the strait to walk. So, we used local materials and borrowed all the pork stalls in Meilong Town to build a simple bridge for people to cross the sea safely and happily to celebrate the Lantern Festival. In order to beautify the bridge, the Lushi brothers also placed flowers on both sides of the bridge. The next year, the villagers across the sea were inspired to rent dozens of wooden boats and connect them to build a pontoon bridge. The bridge deck is covered with an arched canopy, filled with miner's lamps and decorated with flowers on both sides, which is called "Flower Bridge". Later, people also erected a Guanyin statue at one end of the flower bridge. People who want to have children pick a flower from the bridge and worship it. You can't pick flowers at random. If you want a boy, you should choose white flowers. If you want a girl, you must pick red flowers. In addition, there are vendors selling mushrooms and lettuce at Qiaotou to attract customers. It is said that buying mushrooms can add men; Buying lettuce can make a fortune.

As a traditional custom, Huaqiao has been preserved until now. At present, in addition to flowers and lanterns, there is also a painting and calligraphy exhibition on the Huaqiao Bridge, which adds a lot of cultural atmosphere to the ancient folk customs. "Eight Tones" is the general name of ancient musical instruments in China. "Anpu Eight Tones" refers to an instrumental music performance art that has spread in Anpu, an ancient town, with a history of more than 80 years. According to records, Li Yuanming, a music lover in Anpu, reformed and innovated the ancient "Eight Tones", using local folk instruments and taking local traditional folk tunes "Spring is Coming", "Little Peach Blossom" and "Langtaosha" as concertos. These national musical instruments are: 1 Handbell, Xiao Gong, Xiao Qian, Muyu, Liquidation, Shaman, Drum, Transverse Flute, Dong Xiao, Drum, 1 Gao Hu, Erxian, Sanxian, Hu Kun, Pipa, Coconut Tree, Qin Yue and Qin Qin. Ampu Music Team consists of 2 1 person, and most of the performances are parades in the streets. The performances of Anpu Eight Tones are mostly performed during the Lantern Festival and Dragon Boat Festival every year. At these times, the band performers wore robes and jackets, each holding 1 musical instrument, and marched in line. The sound engineer walked at the head of the line, followed by the piano player. All kinds of musical instruments are decorated with ribbons, ribbons and pompoms, which are colorful and spectacular. On the way to March, I walked slowly, with elegant rhyme and lingering in the sky. On both sides of the street, an endless stream of onlookers, men, women and children, were jubilant.

(Refer to "On Zhanjiang Culture") Nuo dance is an ancient mask dance, which is known as "the living fossil of dance". Zhanjiang Nuo Dance, also known as Zoucheng Nuo Dance, was introduced from the Central Plains and southern Fujian. Mainly popular in Fucheng, Songzhu, Nanxing, Yangjia, Baisha, Kelu and other towns in Leizhou City. It is held on 15 or 16 in the first month of each year, or on God's birthday. The main purpose is to drive away evil spirits and disasters, pray for peace and welcome good luck. Nuo dance is rough and solemn. The mask is carved from a whole piece of camphor wood, and the colors are mainly black, red and yellow. The lines are simple and exaggerated and the colors are bright and harmonious. The mask is bold and unconstrained, rough and fierce, and dignified and handsome in appearance.

Nuo ceremony is a ceremony in which Taoist priests set up an altar in front of the temple, burning candles, incense, paper treasures and offering sacrifices to the gods. Then, orders and symbols were issued, and various military forces, such as the five-color flag team, the eight treasures team, the bleaching team, the gongs and drums team, and the Nuo dance team, camped in front of the altar for training, and then went to every household to ward off evil spirits and bless peace. Then wander. The wandering gods went to the township land jurisdiction to pay homage. After the tour, the team returned to the temple square and held a ceremony to worship the gods again, and the publicity of the whole event ended.

The percussion instruments used in Nuo dance mainly include moon drum, high-edged gong and steel gallbladder, and some also add gong, cymbals and suona.

In recent years, this activity has been stopped in many places because of its strong feudal superstition.

(Refer to the legend of Leizhou for information) The soldier inspection dance is a large-scale square dance and a kind of Nuo dance, which is popular in Jiuxian Village and Dongling Village, Huguang Town, Mazhang District. On the 15th day of the first month of each year, local villagers beat gongs and drums and danced "test soldiers" to show "exorcising ghosts and getting rid of diseases and sending disasters to receive blessings". According to the Records of Leizhou Prefecture compiled during Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, every night from the 12th to the 15th, lights were turned on, and each lantern consisted of three or four hundred people, or five or six hundred people, setting off firecrackers, setting off fireworks, and pretending to be ghosts to judge various plays. Silk, bamboo, gongs and drums are playing, and tourists reach Shu, which is the highest in the city and the highest in the countryside. It is called Nuo, which means to send disaster, and it will also be Nuo until the 28th or the 12th of February. ...

The sacrificial activities of "testing soldiers" in the old county village are divided into six sections: testing soldiers, distributing food, going out to war, stabbing the bed, praying for Ding, and sending disasters by paper boats. The dance is presided over by the dance leader from beginning to end, starting in the morning and ending at night.

The Nuo dance in Dongling village is called "testing soldiers", or "training soldiers" and "exorcism". It is composed of five generals (also called "fierce generals" by villagers), including Che, Mai, Li, Liu and Hong, and landlords and land women. According to legend, these five generals were the famous anti-Liao generals in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is understood that the Nuo dance in Dongling Village of Zhanjiang was moved from the north to Putian, Fujian in the Song Dynasty, introduced to Zhanjiang in the Ming Dynasty and settled here in the late Ming Dynasty. The mask of Nuo dance was carved in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and has a history of more than 400 years. Nuo dance masks are usually kept in Ling Gang temples.

1999. In March, Yangcheng Evening News reported the Nuo dance in Dongling. The Nuo dance in Dongling Village has a long history and is known as the "living fossil in the history of dance" (visual news 1999, eighth edition, March 6th, Yangcheng Evening News). The Nuo dance in Dongling Village and Dongling Village has attracted wide attention from both sides of the Taiwan Strait. In the past ten years, many experts, professors, literati and journalists have visited the village, interviewed and photographed. 65438-0992 The Nuo Dance of Dongling Kao Bing was approved to be included in the national key scientific research project "China Folk Dance Integration". Guangdong Volume has attracted attention at home and abroad.

200 1, 1 1, and the academic paper "Kao Bing Nuo in Dongling Village, Huguang Town, Zhanjiang City" was published in Taiwan Province Folk Quyi. Professor Kang Baocheng, director of China Intangible Cultural Heritage Research Center of Sun Yat-sen University, also made a field trip to Dongling Village to study the phenomenon of Nuo dance. In addition, the mask images of five Nuo dancers in Dongling village were once adopted by Guangdong Telecom Co., Ltd. and printed on 200 telephone cards as the cover. In April, 2007, "Kao Bing" Nuo dance was listed in the first batch of representative works of intangible cultural heritage in Zhanjiang. From June 5438 to October 2008 10, Dongling Nuo Dance Team was also rated as the most dynamic folk art team in Zhanjiang.

Nanxing Town and Songzhu Town, Leizhou City, Leizhou Peninsula; Dahuang Township, xuwen county; Shidong Village, Shijiao Town, Lianjiang City; The old county village and Dongling village in Huguang Town, Mazhang District still follow the tradition of Nuo dance sacrifice. At present, the dance of "Kao Bing" in Jiuxian Village and Dongling Village of Huguang Town in Mazhang District has been compiled by provincial, municipal and suburban culture 1992, and its music, modeling, props, movements, charts, notes, explanations and artistic introductions have all been selected by the Central Ministry of Culture as "China Folk Dance Integrated Guangdong Volume". Dance is a unique folk square festival dance in Lumei Town, Wuchuan City. Magic is a beast in folklore, which is said to be more powerful than a lion. Meilong Town, Wuchuan City, a long time ago, there was a story about magic and dance.

Dancing involves dozens of people holding shields to build a three-story tower. The first floor consists of 28 big men, the bottom floor, the second floor consists of 8 people, and the third floor consists of 8 people. Brave dancers (played by two people) climbed from the ladder to the top of the "tower", danced on it and picked green flowers. When dancing, the tower rotates and moves slowly with the rhythm of gongs and drums. The dance is accompanied by percussion of gongs and drums, and the movements from appearance, beating, tumbling, scratching, splashing water and climbing to the top of the tower are light, soft, slow, urgent, strong and energetic. The whole set of movements includes crossing mountains, crossing bridges, climbing mountains, overlapping mountains and climbing mountains. The style of this dance is combining rigidity with softness, with rigidity as the main factor. Through overlapping human bodies and high-altitude dancing, acrobatic performance skills are used to greatly increase the sense of space in dancing, which has the characteristics of strangeness, danger and interest. Leizhou stone dog is a kind of stone carving art.

According to Lei Zuzhi, Leizhou is the birthplace of ancient southern barbarians, where ethnic minorities such as "Lao Yao, Tong, Dong, Liao and Li" live together, among which Yao people regard dogs as "totems".

In the Tang Dynasty, Lei Zu Chen Wenyu was born because of the discovery of the dog with nine ears. There is a legend about the origin of the name "Leizhou", which was revealed by the hand of Leizu, who was born in a stone egg found by Jiuer Dog. The spirit dog discovered Leizu and guarded Leizu's growth, so it was regarded as a god to protect human beings. According to Chen Zhijian, the director of Leizhou Museum, through the preliminary analysis of the physical objects and the discovery environment, it is speculated that the oldest stone dog may be in the Tang Dynasty. In the eyes of Leizhou people, stone dogs worship totems first, and then become auspicious spirits. People put these stone dogs with different shapes and postures at the entrance of the village, by the well, in front of and behind the house, hoping that the stone dogs can exorcise evil spirits for them and bless the peace of one party. In addition, it is said that the stone dog also has the "function" of reproductive blessing.

The modeling of stone dogs has also gone through a process from abstract to concrete. So far, the largest stone dog found is more than 2 meters high, weighing more than 1000 kg, and the smallest is only a few centimeters high. Stone dogs are mostly made of local red sandstone. In the Stone Dog Museum in Leizhou, there is also a small stone dog carved from coral stone.

It is estimated that there are about 1.5 to 25,000 ancient stone dogs in Leizhou. In order to protect these precious historical relics, the Leizhou municipal government began a large-scale collection from the beginning of 200 1. 200 1, 1 1 Stone Dog Museum will be built by the end of this year. The collection of more than 300 stone dogs will officially enter the museum for tourists to visit. According to the person in charge of the museum, stone dogs scattered among the people will continue to be collected in the future, and there are plans to build a stone dog park. The centipede dance is a mass entertainment and sports activity in Wushi Town, xuwen county, south of Leizhou Peninsula, which is performed every Mid-Autumn Festival.

Legend has it that the ancient Wushi Port suffered from plague and the fishing village was depressed. Later, the villagers met to drive away the plague demon. In order to show concerted efforts, everyone tied a rope around their waist into a long line and brought incense into Hong Kong at night to ward off evil spirits. Dancing in formation is like a centipede crawling and lifelike, so it is called "centipede dance". The centipede dance consists of three teams. One is the gong and drum team. Gong, drum and cymbals play together, leading the way in front of the centipede team. The other team is the centipede team, with 59 people pulling a rope 100 meters long Three young and middle-aged people are pulling rope ends in front, tying small ropes around their waists to connect them, wearing bamboo hats and holding lighted incense sticks, opening the bow left and right, lifting each other opposite each other and moving backwards. At one end of the rope, two people each carried a pig cage full of incense, and then four strong men held it and made it pretend to be a drunk. On both sides of the rope, 50 young and middle-aged people tied a small rope around their waist to connect the rope. Each of them put on a bamboo hat, filled with incense, and held incense candles in their hands. With the rhythm of gongs and drums, they danced centipede dance back and forth along the rope. The other team consists of dozens of teenagers, holding torches to illuminate the way forward on both sides. Everywhere the centipede team went, guns roared. 100 meters of incense is dotted into a line, curved, straight, round and square, and the scene is spectacular, resembling a real centipede crawling.

(The materials refer to Guangfu Folk Custom written by Chunsheng in the middle period. ) Lion dance is a popular dance in Guangdong. The lion awakening is different from the northern lion. The northern lion landed on all fours, resembling a real lion. Only the lion's head awakens the lion, the dancer touches the ground with both feet, and the lion's body covers another actor with a piece of cloth (red, yellow, white, green, blue, etc.). ). Lion awakening can be divided into two categories: ground lions and high-piled lions. Its Chinese lion dance is a high-piled lion.

Wenche Village has a tradition of practicing martial arts and strengthening the body. Lion dance is usually led by martial arts schools. The lion dance in this village has a history of one hundred years. In recent years, their high-note lion technique has been improved day by day, and they have frequently participated in various domestic competitions with good results.

The total length of high piles in Wenche Lion Dance Performance is about 1 6m, and the highest pile is 3m. There is a cable bridge somewhere between piles, and the cable bridge is1m long. The pile spacing is about 38 cm, and the pile surface is 30 cm. The content of the performance is: a lion, after waking up, walks through the jungle, crosses the gully and takes Ganoderma lucidum (that is, picking green) to the top of the mountain. The routine of the performance mainly includes: skillfully stepping on plum blossom piles, bravely breaking into the seven-star array, swinging over the rattan cable bridge, flying over the steep cliff, outwitting Ganoderma lucidum and returning to the mountain with joy. During the performance, Moon Hee woke up the lion, who was majestic, arrogant and majestic. There are difficult movements, but also pay attention to humor, attach importance to vividly expressing the lion's demeanor from the details, which is thrilling and interesting.

Wenche Lion Dance won medals in 2002 You Shou Folk Art Invitational Tournament, 2002 Zhanjiang Folk Lion Dance Performing Arts Competition and 2002 China (Jingmen, Hubei) International Lion Dance Invitational Tournament. White opera, commonly known as "white boy", is mainly popular in Lianjiang City and is one of the folk celebrations during the Spring Festival.

It is said that the white opera originated in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. This kind of play, sung by local vernacular folk songs, supplemented by homemade simple puppets, can generally be performed by two to five people. Because of the use of bamboo tubes to match the rhythm, it is also called "Muyu Class". This is the earliest prototype of the white play. During the Daoguang period, the development of white opera entered a prosperous period. The vocals are constantly innovating, the music tunes are constantly enriched, and the puppet making introduces Cantonese opera masks, with meticulous and realistic techniques, and gradually becomes a mature local opera. The performance stage of Bai Opera is mostly temporary, mostly set at the entrance of the village and on the street. The stage installation is simple, with movable canvas hanging in the background.

The representative figure of Bai Opera is a troupe of Long Village. Many people in the surrounding villages go to the village to study art. After they finished their studies, they often toured all over the country under the banner of "Qulongban".

(See Zhanjiang Evening News February, 2002 10) leizhou song, short for short, is a popular folk art form of improvisation in Leizhou Peninsula. It was sung in the local Leizhou dialect. Zhanjiang people have summed up many experiences and lessons in life and production in their long-term labor and daily life. They sum up these experiences and lessons into songs and improvise in the fields and villages.

Gray has experienced three stages of development: first, folk proverbs. At this time, Gray mainly focused on his experience in production and life, with simple sentences and different words, and he could recite and read. The second is a ballad. At this time, Gray's sentence length is used alternately, and the lyrics are grouped into four sentences, which basically rhyme. The third is goto. Because at this time, Lei's lyrics are lingering, like a winding vine, so it is called "". Gray at this time is the closest to Gray now, with seven words and four sentences, one, two and four rhymes. Rhyme is particularly particular, for example, the first sentence basically rhymes with the upper tone, the second sentence rhymes with the falling tone, the third sentence must not rhyme, and the fourth sentence rhymes. After these three stages, today's Gray has taken shape. For hundreds of years, with the passage of time, this wonderful flower has become more and more prosperous and attractive.

Gray has many forms, including duet and solo, which are rich in content and cover a wide range. Among them, the most important, distinctive and mature one should be the girl song. Genv is an art form that Gray developed from "singing by himself" to "singing for the people". Mainly girls who sing, supplemented by children who sing. Girls' songs are mainly rap, and girls sing against singers, or boldly express the love between men and women (love songs), or sincerely persuade the world (play the world songs), or praise the gods for praying for peace (praise the gods songs). During the duet, the scene was lively and the duet was witty, which made people laugh. If it is a duet between brothers and sisters, the intensity is still limited, but if it happens between public singers, the situation is very different. Because of this duet, experienced artists always take to the stage. When duets are played, it's often you who come and go, to outdo each other and not convinced. Every singer tries his best, or makes use of the topic, or avoids the important, and often develops to the point of making things difficult in the end, in order to overwhelm his opponent from the momentum. At this time, the girl song became a "battle song".

As an oral folk literature and art, Gray has not been widely circulated, but in recent years, many people of insight have begun to pay attention to this work. Three Hundred Gray Songs, edited by Zhang Zhuxi and published by Guangdong People's Publishing House, contains 300 outstanding gray songs circulating among the people. Dr. Wu Jianhua not only listed some Gray songs, but also made an in-depth study of Gray songs in his book A Preliminary Study of Leizhou Traditional Culture. It can be said that reggae is increasingly showing its vitality and vigor.

Centipede dance is a folk dance created by ancestors in Wushigang, Leizhou City, in order to eliminate disasters and ward off evil spirits and pray for well-being. This dance originated in the Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 400 years.