What are the rules of image point displacement in vertical aerial photographs?

the relationship between image point displacement and terrain fluctuation, and the relationship between image point displacement and photo scale.

1. Relationship between image point displacement and topographic relief: In aerial photography, the position of image point will change due to the influence of topographic relief. Under normal circumstances, the greater the topographic relief, the greater the displacement of image points.

2. Relationship between image point displacement and photo scale: photo scale refers to the ratio of line segment length on the photo to the corresponding line segment length on the ground. In aerial photography, the larger the photo scale, the smaller the displacement of the image point.