What geographical phenomenon and shooting location can this photo prove?

The elevation of Polaris is the local geographical latitude, which is known to be taken at 55 degrees above sea level, so the local latitude is 55 degrees north latitude (Polaris can only be seen in the northern hemisphere). So the shooting location can be determined as the north temperate zone.

In the picture, Polaris is the center of a concentric circle, and Polaris approximately corresponds to the earth axis. As the earth rotates, looking up at the stars in the northern hemisphere, all the stars revolve around the earth axis (Polaris). The earth rotates once, and the stars revolve around Polaris once, so they become concentric circles.