200 points. The problem of publishing a book!

How was a book born? How many production processes do you need to go through? This unit will analyze you one by one according to the sequence of steps required to complete a book.

The reason why a book can be called a "book" is bound to go through the combination of two major production steps. Just like a fully functional computer, it must have both "software facilities" and "hardware facilities" to run and play a role. The process of making a book can be roughly divided into two steps: editing operation and printing operation, in which editing operation can be compared to "software facilities" of a computer, while printing operation is equivalent to "hardware facilities". This module begins with an overview of editing operations that can be called software tools.

Editing operations can be divided into two major operations: text editing (abbreviated as text editing) and Art editor (abbreviated as American editing). The relationship between them is inseparable, and they must complement each other to successfully complete the whole editing operation. Editing is nothing more than seven steps: data collection, writing or translation, manuscript matching, manuscript confirmation, typing and proofreading, text and picture completion, computer typesetting and manuscript sorting, and single cover design.

I. data collection, writing or translation

Whether publishing companies or individuals want to publish a book, they must first determine the publishing direction and nature of the book, and then actively collect relevant information from all sides according to this direction and nature as a reference when writing. In addition, please ask professional writers to write articles, or buy the translation rights of published books directly from foreign publishing houses.

What must be paid special attention to here is that no matter whether the manuscript is written by a text editor or the author himself, we must be extra cautious in the citation and utilization of materials to avoid infringing on the copyright of others (such as plagiarism, plagiarism, etc. ). Especially when it is necessary to reprint, extract or quote other people's articles or pictures, the consent or authorization of the copyright owner of the crop must be obtained in advance.

For a self-created work, the editor or author should plan the publishing direction and content nature in advance before writing, then determine the sequential chapters or basic editing outline (it is not necessary to translate foreign books), and then complete the manuscript content one by one according to the chapters or editing outline. Usually, the number of words in a book ranges from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands.

Second, the manuscript operation

After the manuscript is written or translated, it will be collected and handed over to the editor-in-chief or editor-in-chief, who will assign appropriate editors to follow up the manuscript according to the nature of the content.

In the past, almost all the writing work of both editors and authors was done by hand on special manuscript paper. Even today, when personal computers have become so popular, many people are still used to writing manuscripts by hand. But with the progress of the times, I believe that in the near future, these people who use handwritten manuscripts will inevitably change their outdated methods after discovering the convenience of computer writing.

Draft alignment is also called manuscript modification. If you write a manuscript with traditional manuscript paper, you can of course add, delete and modify it directly on the manuscript paper. If the manuscript is written by computer, of course, all the contents of the manuscript are stored on floppy disk or CD-ROM. Editors can sort out the manuscript on the computer screen, or they can print out the content and text first, and then use the computer to modify the text information after revision.

Third, determine the copy.

When editing a manuscript, an editor should distinguish each chapter and paragraph clearly, and finally arrange the chapters and paragraphs in order, so that the content of a book is finally determined. This work is called "determining the copy".

Four, typing, proofreading homework

After the manuscript is confirmed by the manuscript-following procedure, two major assignments are carried out, one is typing, and the other is drawing illustrations or taking pictures. Typing is relatively simple. If the manuscript is handwritten, give it to a computer typist for typing. After typing, it will be handed over to the text editor for proofreading, and then returned to the typist for revision. If the manuscript is written by computer, you can give the floppy disk to the editor, or print it out first for proofreading.

5. Complete the homework with words and pictures.

After the copy is confirmed, in addition to typing and proofreading the text, the pictures (patterns or photos) of the text are also completed at the same time. Usually, Art editor is responsible for drawing patterns or taking photos. Pictures have many different functions, sometimes to strengthen the impression of a paragraph to readers, some to make up for the lack of space (or pages), and some just to make the layout look more lively. (To be continued. . . )

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the second part

Six, computer typesetting homework

After the typist finishes typing and gives it to the editor for proofreading, the American editor will directly take over the typesetting work, and use the computer to complete the required layout, size and title, determine the number of pages, and arrange patterns and photos. At the same time of typesetting, reserve the position space of pictures or photos, and then make the first proofreading by the American editor to see if the overall layout is suitable. Are the words and pictures in the title perfectly designed and placed?

Seven, completed the typesetting operation.

Traditional editing and typesetting are all manual operations, and now almost all of them are electronic operations using computer typesetting. After typesetting and proofreading by American editors, the pictures will be sent to the color separation factory for color separation according to the pre-reserved picture size (except black and white pictures), and then handed over to American editors to complete the picture placement operation. The work at this stage is called "final typesetting".

Eight, the production of the final draft

After the American editor puts the picture in the reserved picture position, he gives it to the editor for proofreading, and at the same time attaches the explanatory text. Proofreading is usually done at least three times. When the work of the third school is finished, the American editor will take over the final "color marking" stage. At this point, the work of American editors has finally come to an end, and some authors or publishing companies will do another proofreading work (four schools) for the sake of prudence. At this point, the editing operation is completed, and then sent to the plate-making factory for plate-making, printing and other printing operations.

Design of cover

No matter the size or thickness, every book needs a cover. In the traditional cover design, almost all editors are responsible for the text (title, subtitle, etc. ), and the editor is responsible for the design (drawings, photos). Cover design can be roughly divided into the following four processes:

1, graphic release: the editing department (literary editor, American editor, author) first discusses the title according to the content and comes up with a suitable subtitle; At the same time, American editors will draw color patterns or take photos according to the content.

2. Design sketch: The American editor designs the cover sketch according to the specific scheme put forward by the editing department, and then returns it to the designer for revision (revision).

3. Finalization of the sketch: The editing department thinks that the sketch as a whole fully meets the requirements, and can enter the finalization stage without any modification.

4. Acceptance of color pictures: After the completion of the third stage, the design of the cover will come to an end, and the rest is to collect and sort out color pictures or photos.

In the past, the four cover design processes mentioned above were all done by hand, but at present, almost all complicated work has been done by computer. Designing the cover with a computer saves time and effort and money, killing two birds with one stone.

The so-called editing work, from writing, typing, proofreading to the completion of the manuscript, that is, the so-called "prepress work" (the production process before plate making) in general occupation, has been rarely seen by craftsmen because of the great improvement of computer functions.

5. Relevant laws that must be understood

With the improvement of China people's knowledge level, the vigorous publicity and appeal of relevant government departments, the revision of legal provisions and the vigorous enforcement of law enforcement units, the concept of "intellectual property" has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and most people in China have understood that the use of "knowledge and intelligent works" must be recognized by others.

However, for most people, what is the so-called "copyright law"? How to avoid breaking the law? According to the author's practical experience and contact in recent years, many people mistake the copyright law because they don't know much about it, and many of them are so-called "senior intellectuals".

To avoid infringing on the copyright of others, there is a simple principle, that is, "when you need to use other people's works, whether it is words or pictures, whether it is quotations or excerpts, you must inform the other party and obtain their consent and authorization." If you can abide by this principle, I believe that the probability of infringing others' copyright should be close to zero.

As for the editing process, no matter which role you play (publisher, editor or author), it is best to understand the relevant provisions of the copyright law contained below.

In recent years, with the substantial revision of the copyright law, disputes related to copyright have emerged one after another. In order to avoid disputes, the author sincerely appeals that employers and employees, investors and employees can show sincerity to each other, sign contracts in advance, and clearly state each other's rights and obligations, so as to avoid unnecessary disputes in the future.

* Article 1 1: Works completed by employees in their positions shall be regarded as authors. However, if the contract stipulates that the employer is the author, such agreement shall prevail.

According to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the laborer belongs to the author, and the property right of the work belongs to the employer. However, if the contract stipulates that the property right of his works belongs to the employees, such agreement shall prevail.

The employees mentioned in the preceding two paragraphs include civil servants.

* Article 12: Except in the case of the preceding article, works created by others at the expense of the employer shall be the author. However, if the contract stipulates that the investor is the author, such agreement shall prevail.

According to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if the employee is the author, the property right of the work shall be enjoyed by the employee or investor according to the contract. If there is no agreement on the ownership of copyright, the copyright shall be enjoyed by the employee.

In accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if the property right of a work belongs to the laborer, the investor may use the work.

* Article 2 1: The personality right of a work belongs exclusively to the author and cannot be transferred or inherited.