Who knows Chu culture?

The relationship between Chu-Han culture and regional economic development

All kinds of material and spiritual productivity formed in the process of human social practice, as well as the sum total of all material and spiritual wealth created, are classified as "culture" for research and discussion. In recent years, people's research activities and historical evaluation of China's traditional culture have become a hot topic in academic and theoretical circles. Under the influence of interdisciplinary science, a series of cultural disciplines such as ecological culture, food culture, regional culture, economic culture, folk culture and religious culture have been formed. However, cultural activities, whether broad or narrow, are closely related to economic base, economic activities and other social basic factors. Marx once said: "People create their own history, but not at will, not under the conditions of their own choice, but under the conditions they directly encounter, which are established and inherited from the past." (1) The development of society and the progress of human beings are coordinated under the two major preconditions of culture and economy, and * * * is the same as progress. A certain cultural form is the ideological reflection of politics and economy under certain social conditions, and it will also have a great influence on the politics and economy of the society at that time. Just as the economic base determines the superstructure and the superstructure affects the economic base, culture, that is, what is formed by ideology, also plays a great role in promoting economic development. The long-term cultural essence of various regions and ethnic groups has cast the spiritual pillar and soul of the whole Chinese nation and condensed into the national spirit of self-improvement. It is in this different natural environment and social background that people have created material wealth with their own labor and wisdom, promoted human progress, created their own culture and civilization, formed a unique social and cultural lifestyle that still exists today, and created a regional culture with regional and national characteristics. The same is true of Chu-Han culture, and it has developed into the dominant culture of the Chinese nation.

First, the formation of Chu culture

China culture is a multi-culture and a comprehensive culture composed of various regional cultures. Its connotation mainly includes three cultures: one is Chinese culture represented by Huangdi and Yan Di; Second, the Dongyi culture represented by Tai Hao and Shao Hao; The third is Chu culture represented by Fuxi and Nuwa. From the geographical location of Xuzhou, we can know that it is the combination of these three cultures that has become the birthplace of Chinese culture. The formation of a regional culture is generally influenced by three factors, namely, geographical position, historical evolution and historical position formed by the combination of the two.

Xuzhou is located on the coast of the East China Sea, south of Huaibei, and the Yellow River and Jishui pass through it. It is the settlement of Dongyi tribe. Due to the southward migration of the Dongyi tribe, they were squeezed between the mountains and plains in Jianghan and mixed with the "Sanmiao" aborigines for a long time. In Zhou Chengwang, Xiong Yi, the great-grandson of Xiong Ji, began to be sealed in the land of Chu people. The official name of Chu was recorded in the history books, and then he became a tyrant in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to their expansion and migration, they are called Jingchu, Chen Chu and Wu Chu. According to the geographical location, it is divided into southern Chu, eastern Chu and western Chu, so it is officially called "Chu people". The living environment and social status of Jingshan and Jiaolu Lanlun created the national spirit of the Chu people's hard struggle and self-improvement. In the 800-year history of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he not only rewrote the ancient political geography of China, but also rewrote the cultural geography of ancient Washington with outstanding spirit of struggle, and the achievements of civilization were brilliant between heaven and earth. Xuzhou is the origin and destination of Chu people.

Chu culture is a regional culture named after Chu people and Chu State, which was formed in the Zhou Dynasty. She was first born in the Miao-Man land in Jianghan area, and is a low-level culture that combines the last stream of oriental culture with the afterthought of Jing-Man culture. In the eyes of Chu people, everything is a brand-new creation, and the thriving Chu culture has become a high-viewpoint, positive social and cultural form. The Chu people's spirit of looking at the world and making great efforts to govern the country has formed a unique vision of seeking other teachers from outside and seeking themselves from inside; Formed an open culture and an inclusive spirit. In this cultural creation, Chu people held high the challenging cultural spirit, developed their own style and style to the extreme according to their own life will and aesthetic taste, and put the bloody banner of Chu culture in front of Chinese culture, thus affecting Chinese countries. "I am a madman in Chu, singing a crazy song to argue Confucius" is a challenge and display of Chu culture to Qilu culture in the north, and a declaration full of national cultural spirit.

Both Liu Bang and Xiang Yu are Chu people, and they all grew up under the influence of Chu Feng, Chu Xi and Chu culture. They sang Chu songs, loved Chu dances, wore Chu crowns and respected Chu style. Taking Chu culture as their mother, they interpreted it as an inclusive Chinese culture, reaching the highest level of cultural unity, ideological unity, system unity and behavior unity, which laid a solid foundation for the Han Dynasty for more than 400 years. In the process of the transformation from Chu culture to Han culture, Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu, played a decisive role in reversing Gan Kun. In 2 12 BC (the thirty-fifth year of Qin Shihuang), Liu Bang, director of Surabaya Pavilion, was ordered to escort civilian workers to serve in Lishan. When he reached osawa in the west of Fengxian County, most of the migrant workers fled. When he saw that someone had escaped only a few dozen miles away from Peicheng, how many people would be left if he ran all the way to Lishan? According to Qin law, he will be beheaded. So, I simply let all the servants go, and fled into Mangdang Mountain with a dozen people who volunteered to follow me, gathering people to wait for an opportunity to rebel. After Liu Bang came to power in line with the historical trend, after three years of hard struggle and five years of setbacks, he finally established a new ruling dynasty and took the position of dominating the world. "The sword came from the west and Chu, and the situation was miserable for five years; On the day when the four seas return home, the wanderers are sad and uneven. " After Liu Bang realized that "it is better to treat it immediately than to get it right away", he ordered that "Xiao He's Second Law, Han Xin's Shenjun Law, Zhang Cang's Articles of Association, Uncle Sun Li, literature is slightly advanced, and poetry and books are often published. "(4) On the basis of Chu culture, it gradually evolved into a unified Chinese culture-Chinese culture with a wider scope, higher level, greater role and deeper influence. Since then, China has truly entered a brand-new era in which the Chinese nation enjoys respect and prosperity, and entered a stable period of economic take-off and social progress.

Second, the regional advantages of Xuzhou economy

"Xuzhou has been listed in Kyushu since ancient times and has been in the dragon for thousands of years." This is an image saying that people describe Xuzhou as a strategic place with a long history. In the book Shangshu Gong Yu, the earliest detailed record of Xuzhou's geographical location and regional economic advantages, it is described as follows: "... Haidai, Huaiwei Xuzhou. ..... JueFu only in; Jue Gong has only five colors of soil, Stephane in Stephane and Tongyang in solitary. The floating green in Sibin, the pearls and fish of insects, and the mysterious fiber in the basket. Floating in Huaisi, reaching the river. " This passage describes the geographical location and rich resources of Xuzhou. At this time, the scope of Xuzhou is from the water in the west to the sea in the east; It reaches Taishan in the north and Huaishui in the south, including most areas of northern Jiangsu, Huaibei, southern Shandong and eastern Henan in today's Huanghuai Economic Zone. In the meantime, as far as its resources are concerned, there are abundant underground products such as coal mines, iron mines, salt mines and copper mines. There are vast water resources such as the Yellow River, Huaihe River, Canal, Jishui, Yishui, Surabaya and Nansi Lake, and there are three-dimensional traffic trunk lines such as Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Hangzhou, Beijing-Kowloon, Jingfu, Longhai and Eurasia Continental Bridge. Have a well-structured industrial base such as heavy industry, light industry, chemical industry and electric power; There is an agricultural industrial structure in which agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing go hand in hand, and commerce, industry, agriculture, breeding and processing are integrated, which has become a famous political, economic, military and cultural center area in China. Under such economic advantages, it directly determines the basic premise of agricultural production, industrial development level and cultural progress in this area.

Relying on unique geographical advantages such as traffic geography, military geography, politics and cultural geography, Xuzhou has created a good regional economic development advantage and a history of civilization development of 5,000 years. At the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, the history of China changed fundamentally, and Xuzhou people played a key role. Chen Sheng, Guangwu, Liu Bang, Xiang Yu and other Xuzhou people, with their unique national spirit and self-sustaining local advanced culture, have rewritten the history of civilization in China for thousands of years and promoted the pace of social progress. Chu Feng and Chu Yun are compatible with the multiculturalism of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River series, and with broad and tolerant talent ideas and indomitable and brave fighting spirit, they have created a splendid Han Dynasty culture, realized the solemn and stirring oath that "Chu is three schools, Qin will die" and left an immortal mark on the Chinese nation and the human world.

However, after the Northern Song Dynasty, due to the Yellow River invading the Huaihe River, frequent floods changed the natural features of Xuzhou, and the farming conditions deteriorated day by day. The warlord melee from the Song Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China brought disasters to the people of Xuzhou again and again. The lofty sentiments of "a battleground for military strategists" have become an eternal sigh of historical tragedy, and the land of Xu Huai has changed from the richest link in the national coastal economic chain to the poorest one. Xuzhou people suffered from wars and floods, endured unusual historical hardships and suffered long-term economic and cultural shocks, thus climbing to a historical low. However, Xuzhou people with the traditional virtues of their ancestors, with their indomitable will, industrious and simple spirit, courage to dare to think and do, wisdom to be diligent in thinking, perseverance to keep pace with the times and fighting spirit, have forged historical monuments with their own blood, sweat and life in this ancient land, and composed songs of justice that will last forever in history. In the wave of reform and opening up,

Third, the positive role of developing Xuzhou's cultural industry

The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "To build a well-off society in an all-round way, we must vigorously develop socialist culture and build socialist spiritual civilization. The power of culture is deeply rooted in the vitality, creativity and cohesion of the nation. All comrades in the party should profoundly understand the strategic significance of cultural construction and promote the great development and prosperity of socialist culture. " . Establishing a "well-off society" and realizing people's living and working in peace and contentment are the concepts that China people are most familiar with and eagerly look forward to for thousands of years, and are also the basic goals that every politician should strive to achieve. The goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way is to focus on economic construction, and then promote the all-round development of politics, culture, education and other undertakings. The connotation of this goal is very rich, including both the growth of economic aggregate and the improvement of economic operation system; Focusing on improving people's living standards and quality of life, and promoting people's quality improvement and all-round development, involving the development of material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization; It not only emphasizes social harmony and all-round progress, but also emphasizes the harmony between man and nature and the enhancement of sustainable development ability. Therefore, the concrete embodiment of building a well-off society in an all-round way lies in the improvement of people's knowledge level, ideological realm and civilization level, that is, the improvement of the overall level of cultural undertakings.

Xuzhou is rich in cultural resources. As mentioned above, the revival of Dongyi tribe, the formation of Chu-Han culture, the birthplace of Chinese culture and various cultural and artistic forms created by modern civilization have accumulated rich and colorful development resources for the development of Xuzhou's cultural undertakings. How to develop and utilize the existing cultural resources and make history and culture serve modernization is the fundamental purpose of our research, development and utilization of Chu-Han culture, so as to promote the economic development in Xuzhou and improve the cultural taste of Xuzhou, a famous historical and cultural city. Economy is the foundation of culture, and culture is the reflection of economy. The development and improvement of cultural undertakings and humanistic spirit is the fundamental driving force for the rapid development of economic construction and various social undertakings. People often say: "Culture sets the stage, and economy plays the opera". In fact, cultural activities are an effective carrier to change people's mental outlook. Only a good mental outlook can produce strong productivity and creativity and make economic and social progress. Therefore, only by investing the necessary manpower, material resources and financial resources to develop the cultural industry can we better realize the strategic goals of "taking the lead in two aspects" and "striving to be the leader in northern Jiangsu". The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "Developing cultural undertakings and cultural industries is an important way to prosper socialist culture and meet people's spiritual and cultural needs under the conditions of market economy." This fully affirmed the significance of developing cultural industries. Whether we can correctly handle the relationship between social benefits and economic benefits is the key to developing advanced culture and building a well-off society in an all-round way.

In a word, Xuzhou, as a famous historical and cultural city, has not comprehensively developed the cultural resources, scenic spots, real estate resources, folk custom resources and folk literature and art resources of the Han Dynasty into tourism resources and the tertiary industry, which is one of the important reasons why Xuzhou is not well-known and has a long history. Therefore, the study and discussion of Chu-Han culture and the development of Xuzhou regional economy are complementary and closely related, which is the only way for the coordinated development of culture and economy. We have the responsibility to work hard for this and make our due contribution.

Precautions:

(1) the complete works of Marx and Engels, the first 1 volume, page 603;

(2) Tang Lifeng's Hometown of Gaozu, see Bai Guanghua's Poets of Past Dynasties, Yongfeng County, 1, 1993;

(3) Historical Records Biography of Lu Jia;

(4) "Historical Records Taishi Gongxu";

⑤ Historical Records of Xiang Yu.