Is the film still in production?

For the first time, it is recommended to use Le Kai black and white, which will help you develop your skills. It is also a process from a solid foundation to a hobby of photography. According to your poor level, it should be because of your underexposure and short development time (f2.8), and then you can subtract one frame according to the camera exposure index. This is safer, but you should pay attention to the safety shutter, which is the reciprocal of the shutter. For example, you use 135. Then your lowest shutter can't be lower than 135. You'd better take a sample of yourself. I can tell you more details. I suggest you don't choose color negative, because the steps of printing paper in the shop are not meticulous and thoughtful. It is best to develop black and white negatives yourself. In the case of D76 1: 1, develop Le Kai 100.

# Practical Comparison of Nineteen Traditional Black-and-White Movies (Transferred from Wuji)

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Compared with the current tide of color photography, black-and-white photography may only be regarded as a few small waves, but it maintains its tenacious vitality with its unique charm. So far, all the film factories in the world have produced them.

There are dozens of black and white films, and new products with better performance are introduced from time to time. In order to compare their use effect and performance characteristics, we collected 19 kinds of black and white films commonly used in the market and made a practical comparison. The main purposes are as follows.

It lies in exploration, which may provide some reference for everyone.

19 film has six brands, Le Kai and Shanghai in China, Kodak in the United States, Fuji in Japan and Britain.

Irfu in China and Akfa in Germany. Among them, there are 2 kinds of low sensitivity films, 9 kinds of medium sensitivity films and 8 kinds of ISO 400 sensitivity films.

Black and white images are plastic. According to the contrast of the subject and the photographer's intention, the contrast of tone can be greatly adjusted by changing the exposure and development conditions. Therefore, when using new black-and-white photosensitive materials, you should first

Carry out experiments to get the best use effect. There are usually two testing methods. One is to quantitatively measure the negative film density under different exposure and development conditions with a densitometer, draw the HD characteristic curve and calculate the sensitivity.

And development time.

; The other is to choose a scene with appropriate contrast by using the principle of partition method, and determine the actual combination of exposure and development through experiments by using the methods of surrounding exposure and increasing or decreasing the development time. We adopt the latter method.

The experiment was carried out twice, the first time to shoot indoor still life and the second time to shoot the exterior of the building. The data of the two tests are basically the same. Due to the limitation of space, only the results of the second experiment are published. Practical use of sensitivity

Please refer to the attached table for the degree and development time.

Shooting and exposure conditions

Shooting mainly uses Nikon F.

90X fuselage, AF80~200mm

F/2.8 lens 105mm segment. Shooting with F8 aperture, the basic exposure of F8 ISO 100 film measured by exposure meter is 1/400 seconds. 19 kinds of films, Fuji's two kinds of medium-sensitivity films.

SS and Acros and Ilford Pan

400 high-sensitivity film is 120. In order to make the image size on 120 film and 135 film the same, and to compare the particles conveniently, Pentax 67 with 105mm lens was used for shooting. There are three films in each film.

Yes, each film is shot by the bracketing exposure method, and the interval is 2/3EV. Shooting started at 9: 40 am and ended at 10: 40, which lasted for one hour. During this period, the light intensity is basically unchanged, but the light angle changes slightly.

Change.

Film processing tool: Patterson film processing tank.

Development: For the sake of uniformity, all films use developer D76. The development temperature is 20℃.

Stirring: Stir continuously for 30 seconds after the liquid medicine is injected, and then 10 second/minute.

Stop developing: dilute acetic acid stops developing the solution.

Fixation: F-5 fixative.

Magnification: Seagull oblique bridge magnifying glass with 50 mm Rod lens is used. In order to show the contrast of the negative film as much as possible, all photos are made of Ilford No.2 glossy paper, and D72 developer with the concentration of 1: 2 is used at 20℃ and 1.

Minutes.

Trial experience

Low sensitivity film

There are not many kinds of low-sensitivity films on the market, but Kodak, Elford and Ekfarr each have one. Only two kinds were tried this time: Aikefa APX 25 and Yi Erfu Pan F.

Plus, another Kodak technology panchromatic film was introduced by the author in issue 12 in 2000, so it is not within the scope of this trial. In 19 kinds of attempted films, Aike made APX.

25 has the smallest particle size and high resolution. The details of the scene are clear and the texture description is excellent. Although APX

The granularity and resolution of 25 are not as good as Kodak's panchromatic film, but its contrast is easier to control than Kodak's panchromatic film, and it also performs well when developed with D76. Yi Erfu Pan F.

Plus is also a popular low-sensitivity film, and its sensitivity is higher than APX.

25 times as high, the particles are a little coarse, but they are still very fine. These two kinds of films are very suitable for shooting still life, scenery and other themes, and are suitable for high magnification.

Medium sensitivity film

Medium-sensitive films with sensitivity between ISO 100 and ISO 125 are widely used in many photographic fields because of their moderate sensitivity and excellent imaging quality, so there are the most types of films of this grade. in this

Among the nine varieties tested this time, the quality of several world-famous brands is very close. After careful comparison, Ilford Delta 100, Kodak T-Max 100, Fuji Niopan 100.

Acros particles are the finest, and Delta 100 is more outstanding. Its particles are fine and dense, close to Pan F with low sensitivity.

In addition, beautiful tones and rich dark layers. Particle emulsion technology makes its granularity and resolution reach a high level, but the film is very sensitive to the change of development conditions, which is a little difficult to use and should be avoided.

Insufficient exposure, otherwise it will affect the darkness. Fuji's color film is very famous, but the popularity of black and white film is not very high. Of the two kinds of Fuji medium-sensitive black-and-white films tried this time, the old one.

The performance of neopan SS is average, mainly coarse particles. Among the nine kinds of medium-sensitive films, its granularity is only better than that of Shanghai GP3, and it can be the recently introduced alternative product Neopan 100.

However, Acros is impressive. Its particle fineness is much higher than that of Neopan ss, ranking the first level of this level, 100.

The contrast of Acros is slightly higher than that of SS, and the development time is slightly shorter, but the fixing time needs to be doubled. The processing time should also be increased, otherwise the film base will be covered with a layer of light magenta, and the overall impression is that the film style is the same as Kodak T-.

Max 100 is similar. It should be noted that due to 100

Acros and SS were shot with 120 camera, and the local magnification was the same as that of 135 film, so the definition of the photos was slightly poor, because the resolution and definition of the lens of 120 camera were not as good as that of 135 camera.

Caused by the head. As for whether the particles will change due to different camera lenses, it is not known. Unfortunately, no trial comparison of the same brand 135 film was found. Le Kai New SHD 100 is SHD.

100 to improve the product, according to the data, its performance index has been improved. Judging from the test results, the granularity is slightly better than Fuji SS. Its price is less than 1/3 of similar imported films, and its cost performance is very good.

High, but compared with world-class movies, there is still a slight gap. Shanghai GP3 film is relatively coarse at this grade, and the development time recommended by the manufacturer is 6- 10 minute. When it was developed for 7 minutes, its particles were Le Kai.

New SHD

100 is comparable, but the contrast is weak. I don't know if it is because it is about to expire, and the particles become thicker with the development. The attached picture shows the effect of nine-minute development. In the experiment, it is also found that the film is sensitive to red light, red

The object in the photo looks brighter. Kodak Plus-X, agfa FP4 Plus and agfa APX are at this level.

The mass of 100 is very close, and the particle size of PLUS-X is slightly better, which is very close to T-Max.

100, their common advantages are large development tolerance, easy contrast control, excellent timbre structure and sharpness, which is the main reason why they have been welcomed by users for many years.

High-sensitivity film: In some cases, high sensitivity may be more important than fine particles because it gives you a wider choice of aperture and shutter time. Especially in news and sports photography.

In film and other fields, the application of high-sensitivity film is more and more common, so there are quite a few kinds of this kind of film on the market. Eight ISOs were tried this time.

400 film, Kodak Tri-X impressed us the most. In addition to excellent color tone and gradation, its grains are also the finest in the same level of film, reaching the middle level of medium sensitivity film (similar to Le Kai New).

SHD 100 equivalent). In our initial impression, it seems that T-Max 400 particles are finer with T particles, but from the photos, although T-Max

The particles of 400 are already very fine, and Tri-X is better. Listening to a senior reporter say that Tri-X and D76 are excellent partners, which seems to live up to its reputation. Kodak launches high-quality T-Max series.

It really makes sense that Tri-X hasn't stopped production for so many years, which shows that movies are still popular. In this sensitive film, Le Kai's new SHD

The sharpness of 400 is ok, but its grain is thick, which is still far from other films. The other six films in this category are Delta 400, HP5 Plus and Illford's Pan.

400, fuji neopan 400 and agfa APX 400, their quality is very close. After repeated comparisons, I feel that the Ilford Delta

The particle size of 400 is slightly smaller, which is equivalent to Kodak T-Max 400, while the dark layer of HP5 Plus is richer, compared with Agfa APX.

400 particles are a little thick, but the difference between them is subtle. If these photos are mixed together, it will be very difficult to separate them one by one. It can be used as long as it is used properly.

Children come to get high-quality images.

It should be noted that the above tests and evaluations (1) are based on the results of using the same developer. There are dozens of black and white developers, and many films also have special developers, so for a specific

The film may not have reached its best effect. (2) The actual sensitivity and development time of each attached film are the actual data obtained by experiments. Because everyone has different criteria for judging contrast, but it is not.

Absolute data. So the experience discussed in this article is for reference only. In order to achieve the best results, we should treat them separately according to the process set by the manufacturer.

Schedule (in the order in which the films appear in the text)

Film validity period

Nominal (year and month)

Sensitivity (ISO) recommendation

Development time (minutes) is practical.

Practical development of sensitivity (ISO)

Time (minutes)

Aikefa APX 25 2005. 1

25

4* 16

6.5

Yi Erfu pan F Plus 2003.2

50

6.5

32

6.5

Ilford Delta 100 2003. 1

100

8.5

100

6.8

Kodak t-max 100 2002.438+0

100

nine

64

7.5

Fuji Niopan Stainless Steel 2003.4

100

8*

100

eight

Fuji neopan 100 acros 2002+02

100

7.25

100

7.25

Le Kai New SHD 100 2002.9

100

five

100

five

Shanghai GP3 200 1.4

100

6. 10

100

nine

Kodak Plus-X 200 1. 12

125

5.5

125

5.5

Ilford FP4 Plus 2004. 1

125

5.5

125

6.5

Aikefa APX 100 2004.7

100

5*

100

seven

Kodak Tri-X 2002. 1

celebrity

eight

celebrity

7.5

Kodak T-Max 400 200 1. 12

celebrity

eight

celebrity

seven

Le Kai New SHD 400 2002.5

celebrity

seven

250

seven

Ilford Delta 400 2004. 1

celebrity

seven

celebrity

seven

Yi Erfu HP5 Plus 2004.3

celebrity

7.5

celebrity

7.5

Yi Erfu Pan 400 2003. 1 1

celebrity

eight

celebrity

eight

Fuji Niopan 400 2002.5

celebrity

7.5

250

7.5

Aikefa APX 400 2004.7

celebrity

5.5*

celebrity

seven

I hope these are useful to you.