How can cancer be detected?

Cancer has become a major disease affecting human health, and each type of cancer has its own methods of examination and diagnosis. The following are some common methods of cancer examination:

1.X-ray

X-ray is a common imaging examination method, which is used to diagnose lung cancer and other bone and soft tissue tumors. More common, such as mammography (mammography) is used to detect the possibility of breast cancer.

X-ray

2.CT scanning

CT scanning is a three-dimensional imaging technology, which can detect pathological tissues that cannot be detected by X-ray, and can help to check a variety of cancers, including lung cancer, liver cancer and pancreatic cancer.

CT scanning

3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create images, which can help diagnose brain cancer, breast cancer and so on.

MRI * * * vibration

4. Ultrasound examination

Ultrasound examination is a painless and non-radiation examination method, which is widely used in daily examination, and is often used to check breast cancer (breast MRI * * * vibration), ovarian cancer and so on.

ultrasound examination

5. Microscopy

Microscopy is an examination method in which medical equipment is inserted into the body to see the internal organs. For example, gastroscope can check gastric cancer, colonoscopy can check colon cancer, and bronchoscope can be used to check lung cancer.

schematic diagram of gastroscope

6. Blood test

The corresponding tumor markers can be found through blood test, and then the cancer can be confirmed through further examination, such as prostate cancer can be detected through blood test of prostate specific antigen (PSA), and then combined with digital rectal examination (DRE).

7. palpation

palpation is usually a basic examination, which can give an early warning of some possible abnormal situations, such as breast examination finding a hard lump, which may be a nodule or breast cancer; Internal examination of the anus and rectum found protrusions, which may be polyps or intestinal cancer

8. Biopsy < P > Biopsy is a method of sampling suspected cancer tissue for pathological examination, which can determine whether there are cancer cells. It is the final judgment basis to determine whether the tissue is diseased. For example, endometrial cancer needs curettage to take endometrial tissue for testing; Cervical cancer can usually be examined by cervical smear (cervical cytology); Lung cancer generally needs to be biopsied under the guidance of CT, and an appropriate amount of tumor tissue is taken and fixed in formalin for pathological examination.

combined with the above cancer detection methods, ordinary physical examination usually can't detect all cancers, because many cancers have no obvious symptoms in the early stage. However, some cancer-related indicators can be found through physical examination, such as tumor markers in blood. If abnormalities are found, the doctor may suggest further examination to determine whether there is cancer. Therefore, even if there are no obvious symptoms, regular physical examination is still very important, especially if you have any cancer symptoms or family history, please consult your doctor and have a more comprehensive examination.

Therefore, for the sake of personal health, it is necessary to do as much as possible:

1. Have a regular physical examination every year, and the items at least cover routine tests

2. Go to the hospital for re-examination in time if there is any abnormality in the physical examination

3. Keep a good attitude, get enough sleep, have reasonable and comprehensive nutrition and exercise properly.