The relationship between literature and literariness

Multi-dimensional extension of literature and the hidden existence of literariness

Once upon a time, literature had a peculiar aura, which occupied all the scenery in social life and was worshipped by the people. At that time, of course, there was no need to discuss "drama is literature", nor did it need to demonstrate that drama, folk art, film and television, video games and DV short films all contained "literariness". However, literature is no longer in the dominant position in today's literary family and cultural universe, and it is no longer the most dazzling star in contemporary cultural life. The aura of literature in the past is being divided into film and television dramas, network DV, mobile TV and electronic games. In an era of pleasure aesthetics, audio-visual culture flying all over the sky and video flooding, is literature still necessary? Where will literature go? What is the relationship between literature and audio-visual art? How to deal with the relationship between literature and contemporary new media art? These problems naturally stand out and become more and more important and need to be solved urgently.

Today, it is obvious that we can't avoid the serious marginalization of literature, but the influence of literature is still everywhere, just that literature has retreated to the second line and become a hidden horizon, a class and soil rooted in contemporary new media literature and art, influencing various new contemporary literary forms with hidden cultural psychology, cultural accomplishment and cultural complex.

Literature is still "alive" for many reasons. First, poetic feelings represent a real existence state that human beings can't live without for a moment. High-tech society is not only inseparable from the independent existence of aesthetics and poetry, but also objectively requires the coordination of high emotions. The shrinkage and distortion of human nature caused by technological progress and the expansion of technological rationality, the one-sided development of human beings and the lack of inner emotional life caused by living in cities, objectively and more urgently need high-emotional literature and art as an antidote, lubricant and nutrient solution. Life is endless, people's psychological activities are endless, and literature is bound to be endless.

Second, because people, emotions, details and situations are the lifeblood of literature, it is impossible for art in any era not to involve life, touch emotions and create situations. Therefore, neither movies nor video games can be insulated from the literary tradition and spirit, nor can they draw nutrition from the ancient literary tradition, nor can they draw a clear line with literature. Without literature, a cultural stratum and artistic connotation, the building of new media art will surely collapse.

Thirdly, imagination, fiction, rhetoric and presentation are the basic elements of literature, and any new media art can not be separated from these basic literary qualities, literary skills, rhetorical rules and presentation skills laid by literature. Film and television art can not be separated from film and television scripts as its foundation, and online dramas, DV short films and electronic games can not be separated from the techniques of telling stories and constructing plots provided by literature for a long time. Calligraphy and dance are inseparable from the understanding of rhythm and structural layout accumulated by literature for a long time. Even various forms of advertising can't help but absorb fiction, imagination, exaggeration and metaphor from literature, and pick up poems, images, allusions and creativity.

Fourth, because literature has formed a mature reproductive-regenerative mechanism that is constantly self-adjusting, repairing and perfecting in the long evolution process. In today's era of electronic media, of course, literature will not wait and die, but will make new self-adjustment in line with the cultural trend of the times, so as to obtain the rationality and necessity of new existence. Just as painting did not die out after the appearance of photography in that year, but won its own survival and development space through its new orientation and unique performance different from photography, today's literature is bound to adjust itself and rearrange itself in response to the general trend of market segmentation and genre segmentation.

Literature, as a language art, shows various drawbacks in today's picture-reading era, but it also has unique performances that audio-visual culture cannot replace. In today's era of media culture and video culture, although literature is constantly marginalized and the ruling territory is shrinking, it is still irreplaceable and cannot be ignored. Literature still has one-third of the world in today's literary world. Nowadays, it is more and more convenient to transform literary text into film and television text, but to adapt literature into film and television, we should not only adjust the character modeling, narrative rhythm and language style according to the characteristics of film and television different from literature, but also pay attention to the heterogeneity between literary discourse and film and television discourse, camera language and audio-visual language. From literary works to film and television literary scripts to storyboards, character dialogue, picture composition, depth of field design, sound configuration and special effects are bound to be done quite well. Because of this, movies, television and video games adapted from literary masterpieces have always been difficult to satisfy the audience, which fully illustrates the difference between literature and art and the difficulty of transformation. Therefore, literature is not out of date, but constantly raises new questions and causes new thinking. Literature is explaining its irreplaceable and incomplete transformation with its own strength. In the face of colorful digital images, literature should not only overcome inferiority but also prevent arrogance. The purpose of discussing the relationship between literature and other art categories today is not to stick to the traditional concept of literary egoism and recall the glorious memory of "once rich" for the literature with "great wealth", but to re-examine the logical relationship between literature and other art categories in the cultural context of the new era, rethink and explore the road of harmonious development of literature and art, renew ideas, and point directly at the outstanding problems existing in the development of contemporary new media art, so that the two can learn from each other and move on.

When dealing with the relationship between literature and contemporary new media art, we should not only see that electronic media, popular culture and new media art are squeezing and challenging literature, but also see that they provide new opportunities for the development of literature. On the one hand, the information media revolution will inevitably lead to the unprecedented impact of audio-visual art on literature. If music, dance, drama and other artistic forms in history were mixed with literature at first, separated from literature step by step, and constantly carved up the cake of literature by self-reliance, then the emerging art such as film and television drama has changed from a vassal to a big country, leading to the shift of the focus in the field of literature and art, leading to the dominant position of various new media literature and art, while literature is increasingly marginalized and facing many challenges. The marginalization of literature is not groundless, nor is it a historical misunderstanding, but has profound reasons. The occupation of poetry is closely related to agricultural civilization, patriarchal society, local knowledge and pastoral sentiment, which have long-term low productivity and relatively narrow social communication. With the rapid development of industrial production and the rise of industrial society, novels, as "bourgeois epics", have sprung up everywhere, adapting to the "modern situation with prose flavor", and the era of poetry has been replaced by the era of prose. Since the late 20th century, the second arrival of information culture and post-information culture will inevitably lead to the visual turn of aesthetics and literature, and enter a new realm of digital existence. Visualization, digitalization and multimedia have become the main trends in the development of contemporary literature and art. Audio-visual art and film and television art are unprecedentedly prosperous, and network information flows across fields, which inevitably has a serious impact on ancient literature. On the other hand, media is not only an extension of human beings, but also an extension of literary spirit and literariness. Objectively, literature develops its own potential, broadens its horizons, strengthens its influence, promotes its transformation and wins a broader living space for itself through the encounter with new media carriers and the marriage with audio-visual art.

The pluralistic coexistence, mutual integration and mutual penetration of art has always been the only way for the prosperity and development of art, which will also help to overcome the narrow and conservative psychology of literature, break the self-enclosed and rigid state, realize the exchange and interaction between literature and many art categories, especially new art categories, learn from each other's strong points, so that new art can continue to complete its artistic life, and traditional literature and art will continue to cast new machines, absorb new nutrition and import new blood. Only by coping with the new changes in the culture of the times, constantly adjusting ourselves and realizing our own transformation can we constantly glow with new vitality and vitality. Historically, literature has always been in harmony with music, singing and dancing, painting, drama, folk art, photography, calligraphy, architecture and film and television. The trinity of ancient poetry, music and dance makes literature inseparable from music, singing and dancing. Without poetry, there is no joy, and without dance, poetry will be lost. In ancient society, literature appeared in the form of poems with pictures, or in the form of operas, scripts, pavilions and couplets, or supplemented by calligraphy. Literature and art are not contradictory. Similarly, poetry, poetic interest and poetic sentiment also constitute the soul and lifeline of music, song and dance, painting, drama, folk art, photography, calligraphy, architecture and film and television. Since modern times, the art of film, television, radio and photography has advanced by leaps and bounds. With the rapid development of broadcast communication technology, sound technology, microelectronics technology, network technology and digital technology, emerging multimedia art, network hypertext, laser painting, digital drama, DV short films and so on have also appeared. Literary spirit is infiltrating into these various new media literature and art, and literariness is an indispensable part of new media literature and art.

Various art categories compete with each other, influence each other, learn from each other and spur each other. However, because different art categories are often rooted in different cultural psychology and have cultural reasons of the times, when dealing with the relationship between literature and contemporary new media art, we should also clearly see the heterogeneity and incompatibility of different art categories. For example, online funny posts are obviously different from traditional poems and essays in cultural interest, with differences in plane culture, popular culture, deep culture and elite culture. Film and television, DV and video games are also very different from Tang poetry and Han Fu. The former has acquired the essence of image culture, showing the value of display and manipulation, while the latter is a specimen of sacred ritual literature, full of worship. Therefore, we should not only see the similarity and consistency between literature and other art categories, but also face up to their differences and heterogeneity. Therefore, in the process of film and television adaptation of literary original works and literary reproduction of electronic games and TV plays, we must clearly understand the differences between them, and realize the consistency of genre conversion and cultural interest conversion on the basis of a deep understanding of the characteristics of literary language and audio-visual language.

When dealing with the relationship between literature and contemporary new media art, we should also pay attention to the fact that literature's reference to other arts should not be the exile of literary spirit, and literature should not be lost in the audio-visual color of multimedia and become a vassal of audio-visual culture. At the same time, we should also prevent clinging to the old, rigid, static and one-sided literary view. We should stick to the tradition and spirit of literature, publicize the deep pursuit and compassion of literature, show ultimate concern for historical life, and prevent all literature from being diluted into plane culture and sensory stimulation in this era of mass culture. It is also necessary to understand the multi-level nature of literature itself and the multi-dimensional nature of literature and art, so as to promote the coexistence and common prosperity of literature at different levels and orientations and coordinate its development. Literature has always been pluralistic, and culture has always been multidimensional. There is no single and absolutely authoritative literature and culture. In the literary camp, there are not only elite literature, ritualized culture, deep culture, aestheticism literature and compassion literature, but also popular literature, popular literature, folk literature, entertainment literature and leisure literature. The development of literature has never replaced other kinds of literature with one kind of literature, and it is unique. The garden of literature is always full of colorful flowers. Therefore, today's literature can not only maintain the traditional literary spirit and continue the traditional pursuit of American literature, but also integrate with mass media and audio-visual culture and become an organic part of mass culture. The coordinated development of different levels of literature can balance the literary ecology and continue the traditional literary species, which is related to the healthy prosperity and sustainable development of art.

Up to now, literature has gone through the era of word of mouth, writing, electronic media and network communication. In different times, adapting to different media carriers and communication technology levels, ballads, epics, essays, poems, novels, dramas, film and television broadcasting, literature and art have appeared in different forms, which in itself shows the dynamic fluidity of literature and art, and the changes of literature are closely related to technological innovation, cultural transformation and social changes. A historical and dialectical examination of the logical association and complex relationship between literature and other art categories is conducive to the harmonious coordination and benign development of literature and art.