Where does Shangri-La Tricholoma matsutake belong?

Shangri-La Tricholoma matsutake is a geographical indication protection product.

Tricholoma matsutake is named after its growth in pine and oak woodlands, and its bud stage is like velvet antler. Also known as Tricholoma matsutake, Cunninghamia lanceolata, compound mushroom, Taiwan Province mushroom, Tricholoma matsutake, etc. , is a national second-class key protected species. It is a mycorrhizal fungus, which grows with the roots of pine, oak and fir, and has very strict requirements on the environment. It usually grows in the mixed forest of Pinus yunnanensis, Pinus alpine, Quercus grey-backed, Quercus yellow-backed, Quercus alpine or Quercus pine at an altitude of 2000-4000 meters, and the occurrence period is 6-65438+ 10 month. Tricholoma matsutake is rich in vitamin B 1 and B2, contains many essential amino acids and trace elements such as zinc and magnesium, and is low in crude fat. It has many physiological functions, such as enhancing human immunity, invigorating qi, resolving phlegm, delaying aging, preventing cancer and diabetes. It not only has high nutritional value, but also has important dietotherapy and health care functions. It is a precious edible fungus. Historically, it is one of the tributes and famous dishes of Japanese senior banquets, and it is deeply loved by Japanese who are proud of eating matsutake. It is reported that Tricholoma matsutake is the only organism that can maintain its vitality after the atomic bombing in Hiroshima, Japan in 1945, which makes the Japanese more superstitious about Tricholoma matsutake.

There are not many countries where Tricholoma matsutake grows in the world, but in terms of its frequency of occurrence, population differentiation and distribution range, the hinterland of Hengduan Mountain in Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet is the diversified center of Tricholoma matsutake and is considered as the modern distribution center of Tricholoma matsutake. The research shows that this area may be the origin center of Tricholoma matsutake in other areas, and its quantity, species and ecological complexity are incomparable to other Tricholoma matsutake producing areas.

Diqing Prefecture is the origin, differentiation and modern distribution center of many plants, and it is also the gathering place of animals and plants. Judging from the socio-economic development and the current population situation, Diqing has a vast territory with few people (average per square kilometer 13 people), and there is a survival concept of harmony between man and nature in traditional culture. Therefore, the damage to the natural environment is very small, there are no industrial and mining enterprises with serious pollution in China, and the original ecology is well preserved. In addition, in recent years, with the implementation of "Natural Forest Protection Project" and "Returning Farmland to Forest and Grassland", part of the damaged ecological environment has been restored, the regional ecological environment has been further improved, and the output of Tricholoma matsutake has also shown an increasing trend year by year, becoming a real green food in Shangri-La, Diqing, which is famous at home and abroad for its "big mushroom, tender meat, long fragrance and good color".

Tricholoma matsutake from Shangri-La in Diqing, developed from 1985, has become the most important export product in Diqing. Annual natural growth 1000 tons or more, harvest 500-900 tons. In addition, because Diqing is located at the junction of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet, nearly 500 tons of Tricholoma matsutake are exported from Diqing to 12 county in neighboring Tibetan areas every year, making the annual trade volume of Tricholoma matsutake in Diqing reach 1000- 1300 tons, accounting for more than 65% of fresh Tricholoma matsutake exports in Yunnan Province. Therefore, Diqing became the "hometown of matsutake" in Yunnan and even China.

At present, the main products of Tricholoma matsutake in Diqing Shangri-La are fresh Tricholoma matsutake and its products, which are divided into canned water, frozen Tricholoma matsutake, salted Tricholoma matsutake and other products, and each product has different grades and specifications. The enterprises that Diqing manages fresh Tricholoma matsutake mainly include Shangri-La Shengbao Food Import and Export Company, and the enterprises that manage products include Shangri-La Wild Food Import and Export Co., Ltd., Shangri-La Zhiyuan Tricholoma matsutake Processing Factory, Shangri-La Xianghe Food Co., Ltd. and Diqing Foreign Trade Company. In 2005, enterprises in our state exported 69.8 tons of fresh Tricholoma matsutake, with a product of 1.35 tons, and the export earned 4.37 million US dollars. In addition, it also supplied more than 500 tons to domestic and foreign merchants, with an output value of nearly 70 million yuan and a secondary output value of 6.5438+0.08 million yuan. Tricholoma matsutake is the only bulk export commodity in Diqing, and it is also the main economic source for farmers of all ethnic groups in Diqing to get rid of poverty and become rich. Therefore, further optimizing the business model of Tricholoma matsutake, expanding the consumption market of Tricholoma matsutake and increasing the export of Tricholoma matsutake are particularly important for the economic and social development of Diqing.