Animal survival method

First, protective color

Chameleons: They move slowly so as not to cause panic. They can blend their body colors into their surroundings.

Polar bear: Living in the Arctic Ocean covered with ice and snow, its body color is white. Mixed with the surrounding ice and snow, it is difficult to find its clues.

Zebra: It has long legs and runs fast. Its black and white stripes are good camouflage. Under the irradiation of sunlight, black and white have different abilities of absorbing and reflecting light, which scatters and destroys the outline of characters, making it difficult for the enemy to identify zebras from the environment.

Tiger: a majestic tiger with black and vertical patterns on its skin, which is difficult to find in tropical forests; Because the sun shines brightly, the shadows of bamboo leaves and weeds just create similar patterns on the tiger skin.

Cheetah: It has yellowish black spots, the same color as the grass.

Giraffe: Giraffe's camouflage is even more unique. Various shapes of black spots or brown spots are printed on a light yellow background. This multi-colored "coat" can play a camouflage role. The giraffe hides in the shade, so it is difficult for the enemy to tell which is the giraffe's pattern and which is the shadow of the branches and leaves.

Fish: Fish not only has wonderful protective color, but also changes with the change of environment. Fish living in the river have olive backs, which are very close to the color of water, so it is difficult for the enemy to find them from the water. This kind of grouper living in the ocean has reddish-brown hexagonal spots with grayish white embedded in the middle. It is hidden in coral reefs, and its red spots are almost the same as red corals. The flounder can change its body color at any time to avoid being hurt by the enemy. When it lies on the mud at the bottom of the water, tiny black spots like mud will appear on its back. When it swims in seaweed, its body color changes very similar to seaweed.

Second, imitation.

Protective form is another clever disguise of animals. In order to avoid the enemy's attack, some animals will dress up their shapes with objects in the external environment.

There is a leafy fish that lives in some rivers in Brazil. Its body is flat and yellow-brown, with a petiole-like snout at the front end of its head. When it is motionless under the water, it is no different from a leaf falling into the water.

The naked frog fish has many overgrown and prickly scales all over its body. When big fish swam past it for food, they thought it was a kind of aquatic plants, and even some big fish kissed this strange "plant" with their mouths.

Australian seahorses are covered with protrusions and filaments. When it floats gently in the sea, it is like a living seaweed, and it can get away with the enemy.

Octopus, known as the "master of camouflage", is even better at imitation. Sometimes it disguises itself as a pile of coral, and sometimes it disguises itself as a pile of sparkling sand.

There is a strange bird in the African jungle, and its mimicry ability is even better. When it landed on a branch, it spread its wings like five beautiful petals, and its head was a bright stamen. This clever disguise can not only deceive the attack of the giant eagle, but also easily catch the stupid bug that was cheated to "collect honey".

Mantis: Different mantises living in different environments have their own camouflage colors, and some mantis species have mimicry, which can better hide in the environment. Some mantises look like a flower.

Dead-leaf butterfly: It is difficult to distinguish a dead-leaf butterfly from the leaves in which it lives. It looks like a dead leaf with veins on its wings and spots like fungus spots on it.

Geometrid: It is the larva of geometrid moth, often dressed as dead branches. During the day, it is attached to the end of the branch, motionless and illegible.

Stick insects: Some stick insects are slender and green or brown, just like branches or petioles. There are also some short, thick, prickly or other protective facilities, which often look like rolled dead leaves.

Third, release odor.

There is a millipede in South America with 17 links. There are poison glands on every link, which can secrete corrosive and narcotic substances. Once the enemy is hurt, all links cooperate to release venom, forming a fan-shaped spray surface, making it difficult for the enemy to get close, thus successfully getting out of danger. Similarly, there are fart bugs.

In Australia, there is a frog named Buff, which spits venom from its anus to keep enemies at a distance, and sometimes even kills cats and dogs.

The weasel has a unique "chemical weapon"-smelly fart. When hounds chase after them and get close to their butts, weasels will give off a very unpleasant fart. When hounds are confused by this sudden attack, they will take the opportunity to escape.

Skunk's "chemical weapon" is more powerful. It can spray foul liquid three or four meters away. If the hound is shot, it will suffocate or even coma. Even if you don't get shot, you will be stung by the stench, and your courage will disappear and you will not dare to move forward.

Musk turtle: Musk turtle is a skunk among reptiles. They can give off extremely unpleasant gases to smoke away their opponents.

Fox: There is a small hole at the root of the tail, which can secrete bad smell. This is the fox's self-defense tool.

Fourth, put ink.

Squid: Squid has an ink sac, which contains ink glands that can secrete natural ink. Squid usually likes to float on the sea. In case of enemy injury or crisis, the ink sac shrinks and shoots ink. Suddenly, the "black smoke" in the sea was rolling and dark, and it took the opportunity to escape.

Octopus: If something really touches its wrist lightly, it will immediately jump up and spray thick black ink to hide itself. Take this opportunity to observe the surrounding situation and prepare to attack or retreat. Octopus can spray ink six times in a row, and after half an hour, it can accumulate a lot of ink. Octopus ink is harmless to people.

Five, hard armor

Pangolin and Armadillo: Body hair has evolved into hard scales, and each scale is like a thick steel shield. When in danger, they will all curl up together to protect key parts, exposing the "thick shield" on their backs, so that the enemy can't start.

Mussels and turtles: Whenever they meet foreign enemies, they immediately retract their soft bodies into their shells. So let foreign enemies eyeing up, also had to be disappointed.

Six, self-sacrifice

Wild ducks: When flocks of wild ducks are injured by the enemy, in order to defend their "children", some adult wild ducks will lie on their sides in a conspicuous place in the distance, flapping their wings, pretending to be injured and luring the enemy to come over. Seeing this situation, the enemy will abandon the young duckling, turn around and chase it and let the duckling escape; However, when it is estimated that the "quasi-injured" adult ducks can jump up and escape, it is often because of the rapid impact of enemy injuries that the "quasi-injured" adult ducks become "duck martyrs" who sacrifice themselves for others.

Crab: Broken foot. They often bury themselves with mud, exposing only their eyes and tentacles, so that they can not only avoid the harm of the enemy, but also attack animals such as passing small fish.

Starfish: wrist fracture.

Gecko: Broken Tail

Sea cucumber: The escape skill of sea cucumber is even more peculiar: when the enemy invades, the alert sea cucumber will quickly spray out its internal organs and brains to let the other party have a full meal, and it can escape with the help of recoil. After 50 days of self-repair, the sea cucumber will grow a new pair of internal organs.

Seven, hard thorn

In the Mediterranean, there is a kind of ciliate, which is covered with acupuncture. Usually, acupuncture will stick to its body. When there is danger, it immediately rushes to the surface of the water, inhales deeply, and makes the body swell into a ball. At this time, it lies on its belly and back in the water, with a part of its body exposed on the water, so that it can defend the enemy halberd from top to bottom. After the danger has passed, it releases the air in the stomach and restores its original state.

Echidna, hedgehog, porcupine and other animals. Their body hair has become hard and sharp thorns, which is a powerful defense tool. Among them, the hard spines on the back and buttocks of porcupines are dense, and these hard spines can be erected by strong muscle contraction under the skin surface, so porcupines are also called porcupines. Once the porcupine encounters the enemy's injury, it immediately erects the hard spines, and the hard spines collide and rub against each other, producing a threatening sound of "shua shua shua shua", and at the same time, it will constantly make a "poop-poop" roar from its mouth, indicating inviolability. At this time, if the opponent does not listen to the warning and continues to approach, the porcupine will quickly turn around and poke the enemy's buttocks or back with a spear-like thorn. If the enemy swoops down, many thorns will pierce the enemy's body when touching. This kind of defense can hurt fierce predators, and the light ones are in great pain. If they are stabbed and blind, the heavy ones will die. As for the weak and slow-moving echidna and hedgehog, when the enemy approached, they immediately fell down everywhere, shrinking their necks and heads, closing their limbs and bending their feet, and curled up into a fully armed thorn ball. At this time, the fierce beast had to sigh, wag its tail and walk away disappointed. Hedgehog's back and sides are covered with bristles like steel needles. It will not only shrink its body into a thorn ball, so that the enemy can't hurt itself, but also often catch poisonous toads and smear their venom on backstab to enhance the power of backstab.

Eight, running

Giraffe, rabbit, antelope, etc. Run when you meet the enemy.

Nine, play dead

When the opossum was attacked by the enemy, it pretended to be dead on the ground, with its feet up in the air, its eyes staring straight, its mouth half exposed and its teeth twisted like zombies. When the beast saw that it was a corpse, it turned and left.

Scarabs, ladybugs, etc. You will also play dead when you meet the enemy, because the enemy doesn't eat dead things.

Some snakes also pretend to be dead. For example, grassland snakes in Europe and pig-kissing snakes in the United States, when in danger, immediately turn over, open their mouths, stick out their tongues and play dead. If people turn it over, it will turn it over again. The living predator walked away as soon as it saw that it was a dead snake. At this time, the snake playing dead quickly got into the cave and escaped death.

Ten, bluff

When animals can't escape and have to face the enemy, they often bluff and tell each other, "We can't be provoked."

In the Indian Ocean, there is a lionfish, which is only about 20 centimeters long, but it has a fierce face and sharp fins on its back. When the enemy comes, the lionfish will hold its dorsal fin high, its eyes are round and it looks mighty and inviolable. This pair of lost faces can often scare off the enemy.

Australian wrinkled lizard, when it is attacked by the enemy, will spread the wrinkled skin around its neck, much like an open umbrella, making it look huge and scaring the enemy to escape.

There is a discoloration refuge in Africa. When it meets the enemy, it will not only make a hissing sound, but also expand its lungs quickly, making its body bigger and its appearance stronger and fiercer, making the enemy afraid to act rashly again.

Peacock butterfly: when it perches on a twig, its wings are closed; Once disturbed, open your wings immediately, revealing two bright spots that look like two big eyes. The sudden appearance of this pattern can scare off the enemy and let them leave.

There is a "Calligo butterfly" in South America. The pattern on its hind wings is very similar in shape and color to the owl's head. If a bird chases it, its head is low and its hind wings are up at once. When the bird saw it, it thought it had met a fierce owl, and it was too scared to fly away and dare not invade again.

The lizard (a reptile) living in Australia has a skin fold around its neck. Just as umbrellas have ribs, so do pleats. Usually the pleats are attached to the neck. When encountering the enemy's injury, the bib lizard will raise its folds and bluff, which often scares the invaders. This method can deal with enemies much bigger than yourself.

Cobra in China is a famous poisonous snake with eye-shaped markings between its back and neck. When you meet someone, your head is raised, your neck is swollen, and you make a "whirring" sound, which makes people afraid to disturb you easily. Crocodiles living in rivers and lakes, once they are hurt by the enemy, immediately open their jaws, show their teeth and shout loudly, which can often make the enemy avoid them.

The snapping turtle in America is the largest freshwater turtle in the world. Although they don't have as sharp teeth as crocodiles, they will open their jaws and expand their glottis when they are in danger, which makes the white glottis in sharp contrast with the dark mouths, which often makes the enemy daunting.

The howler monkey in South America has a wide jaw, which surrounds an enlarged larynx, and the hyoid bone of the larynx forms a "* * * vibration box". When a howler monkey howls, the sound produced by the vibration of its vocal cords becomes very loud through the * * * vibration box, which can be heard within a range of nearly 5 kilometers. In fact, the roar of the monkey is not an ignorant noise, but a "demonstration" to other monkeys, announcing that "this is our territory, don't come in!" Even if you encounter an enemy like a boa constrictor, as long as the roaring monkeys roar together, you can frighten your opponent. According to the on-the-spot observation of zoologists, few animals will make rash moves on their prey. Even a single animal will be careful when hunting, in case something happens. Therefore, no matter how fierce predators are, they are defending themselves when hunting, what's more, many hunted animals will use their bluff to turn the corner and avoid death.

XI。 electric shock

Electric fish can kill future criminals by sending out powerful high-voltage current. There are about 500 species of fish that can discharge electricity in the world. Each cell of the power generation organ of these fish is a small battery, which can generate a potential difference of 0. 1 volt. When thousands of such batteries are gathered together, they can obtain voltages as high as several hundred volts. The current generated by torpedoes can burn out 50 ampere resistance wires with 50 volts and 60 volts, and an electric pulse can make six 100 watt bulbs flash like neon lights. Electric catfish can emit 400 volts. Electric eels can be called "champions". Generally, it can emit 500 volts of high-voltage current, and some even exceed 800 volts. Such a high voltage is enough to kill any animal in the water. Even fierce crocodiles are often preyed by electric eels.

Avoiding enemies is an animal instinct. According to the investigation of zoologists, animals have many similarities with human beings in their physiological reactions when they encounter environmental dangers. Animals also have mixed emotions of love and hate and expressions of joy, anger, sadness and joy. Different kinds of animals have different ways to avoid enemies.

alarm

In nature, many birds and animals are good alarm clocks. People who have been engaged in sailing for a long time often find seagulls resting on the island or soaring on the sea. Whenever a seagull is injured or arrested, it will make a cry of pain and tell its partners to be vigilant and quickly escape from the dangerous area. Birds born with elephants (the largest terrestrial turtles), crocodiles, rhinoceroses and other large animals are very sensitive. On the one hand, they peck parasites from these large animals to eat, on the other hand, they act as alarm officers for these large animals. When they smell something strange, they immediately keep singing and warn them: "The enemy is approaching, run away quickly!" "

Perhaps the best alarm in the animal world is the woodchuck. Marmots, also known as groundhogs, are close relatives of squirrels. They are fat and look like mice and rabbits. They are a kind of cave animals. Their vigilance is particularly high. Every time they go out in droves for food, they always send a groundhog as a "sentry". This "sentry" is very responsible and often stands on the ground or high ground with his heel in order to detect the surrounding movements. Once it finds the critical situation of raptors and fierce beasts attacking, it immediately makes a high-frequency scream. After hearing this "emergency alert", other woodchucks rushed into the cave to avoid danger. When the enemy is far away, the groundhog on guard will make a loud cry again to show that it has "lifted the alarm" and returned to normal. At this time, the woodchucks hiding in the hole came out one after another, foraging as usual.

make a false show of strength

When animals can't escape and have to face the enemy, they often bluff and tell each other, "We can't be provoked." The lizard (a reptile) living in Australia has a skin fold around its neck. Just as umbrellas have ribs, so do pleats. Usually the pleats are attached to the neck. When encountering the enemy's injury, the bib lizard will raise its folds and bluff, which often scares the invaders. This method can deal with enemies much bigger than yourself. Cobra in China is a famous poisonous snake with eye-shaped markings between its back and neck. When you meet someone, your head is raised, your neck is swollen, and you make a "whirring" sound, which makes people afraid to disturb you easily. Crocodiles living in rivers and lakes, once they are hurt by the enemy, immediately open their jaws, show their teeth and shout loudly, which can often make the enemy avoid them. The snapping turtle in America is the largest freshwater turtle in the world. Although they don't have as sharp teeth as crocodiles, they will open their jaws and expand their glottis when they are in danger, which makes the white glottis in sharp contrast with the dark mouths, which often makes the enemy daunting.

The howler monkey in South America has a wide jaw, which surrounds an enlarged larynx, and the hyoid bone of the larynx forms a "* * * vibration box". When a howler monkey howls, the sound produced by the vibration of its vocal cords becomes very loud through the * * * vibration box, which can be heard within a range of nearly 5 kilometers. In fact, the roar of the monkey is not an ignorant noise, but a "demonstration" to other monkeys, announcing that "this is our territory, don't come in!" Even if you encounter an enemy like a boa constrictor, as long as the roaring monkeys roar together, you can frighten your opponent.

According to the on-the-spot observation of zoologists, few animals will make rash moves on their prey. Even a single animal will be careful when hunting, in case something happens. Therefore, no matter how fierce predators are, they are defending themselves when hunting, what's more, many hunted animals will use their bluff to turn the corner and avoid death.

pretend to be dead

In the wonderful and complicated animal world, because some predators only eat living things and don't eat dead bodies, playing dead has become a skill to survive and avoid enemies.

The opossum and the wild duck playing dead to confuse the enemy are two famous examples in the animal kingdom. In addition, many lower animals will "play dead" in order to survive.

The lives of small insects are always in danger, because frogs, toads, lizards, snakes, birds, wild animals and many other animals prey on them. For their own safety, some insects will lie on the ground when they are in danger, fold their legs tightly under their bodies and remain motionless like a small stone. Once the predator is slightly negligent, they will immediately jump hard and escape instantly. Some insects (such as moth larvae) look like a miniature sphinx when they pretend to be dead. When some insects (such as geometrid caterpillars) are in distress, their bodies will suddenly become stiff, forming a very clumsy angle, like branches; Some insects (such as kowtowing insects) make a sound when jumping and pretend to be dead at the same time. The bird will peck it up and make a "click" sound, scaring the bird away quickly.

Some snakes also pretend to be dead. For example, grassland snakes in Europe and pig-kissing snakes in the United States, when in danger, immediately turn over, open their mouths, stick out their tongues and play dead. If people turn it over, it will turn it over again. The living predator walked away as soon as it saw that it was a dead snake. At this time, the snake playing dead quickly got into the cave and escaped death.

self-sacrifice

Social animals living in open areas are often difficult to escape from danger after being hurt by the enemy, but in order to protect their collective safety, older animals will show the heroic spirit of "sacrificing themselves for others".

When flocks of wild ducks are injured by the enemy, in order to defend their "children", some adult wild ducks will lie on their sides in a conspicuous place in the distance, flapping their wings, pretending to be injured and luring the enemy to come over. Seeing this situation, the enemy will abandon the young duckling, turn around and chase it and let the duckling escape; However, when it is estimated that the "quasi-injured" adult ducks can jump up and escape, it is often because of the rapid impact of enemy injuries that the "quasi-injured" adult ducks become "duck martyrs" who sacrifice themselves for others.

Although musk oxen in North America are huge, they are often hunted by wolves. Male musk oxen often make self-sacrifice to protect their cows and calves. In the long struggle with wolves, they seem to have found a good way to deal with the enemy. Zoologists have witnessed a group of ferocious wolves attacking a group of musk oxen. Strong male musk oxen immediately gathered together to form a dam to protect cows and calves, with their heads down and their horns facing the wolves, posing as a counterattack. Occasionally, one of the bulls will rush out to attack the wolves, and then quickly return to its original position, and the other bulls will take turns to attack and return. This kind of defense often makes it difficult for wolves to attack, but it is also very dangerous, and sometimes it is killed by fierce and cunning wolves.

Hard nail

Echidna, hedgehog, porcupine and other animals. Their body hair has become hard and sharp thorns, which is a powerful defense tool. Among them, the hard spines on the back and buttocks of porcupines are dense, and these hard spines can be erected by strong muscle contraction under the skin surface, so porcupines are also called porcupines. Once the porcupine encounters the enemy's injury, it immediately erects the hard spines, and the hard spines collide and rub against each other, producing a threatening sound of "shua shua shua shua", and at the same time, it will constantly make a "poop-poop" roar from its mouth, indicating inviolability. At this time, if the opponent does not listen to the warning and continues to approach, the porcupine will quickly turn around and poke the enemy's buttocks or back with a spear-like thorn. If the enemy swoops down, many thorns will pierce the enemy's body when touching. This kind of defense can hurt fierce predators, and the light ones are in great pain. If they are stabbed and blind, the heavy ones will die. As for the weak and slow-moving echidna and hedgehog, when the enemy approached, they immediately fell down everywhere, shrinking their necks and heads, closing their limbs and bending their feet, and curled up into a fully armed thorn ball. At this time, the fierce beast had to sigh, wag its tail and walk away disappointed.

The body hair of pangolins and armadillos has evolved into hard scales, and each scale is like a thick steel shield. When in danger, they will all curl up together to protect key parts, exposing the "thick shield" on their backs, so that the enemy can't start.

break wind

1808, Napoleon led an expedition to Spain. Soon, many soldiers appeared inexplicable erythema. After many twists and turns, the military doctor found out that the skin inflammation was caused by the venom of a beetle in Coleoptera. When people catch insects in wild weeds and rocks, they are sometimes attacked by a sudden pungent smell, which makes them dizzy, their noses sour and even shed tears. At the same time, you will often see a brightly colored beetle running away in panic. These beetles can emit smoke, venom, odor and other chemicals, commonly known as fart bombs or fart bugs.

The fart bomb beetle goes out looking for food with six legs. If it suddenly meets the enemy blocking the road or grabbing food with it, it stops, puts its hind feet on the ground, and raises its tail high, aiming at the enemy. Bang! Hey! "One toxic, boiling, foggy' chemical shells' have been launched, with a range of up to 30 cm. This chemical weapon can not only repel ants, mantises, frogs, toads and mice, but also scare off armored and scaly armadillos. This "fart bomb" is so powerful that it can be aimed at any direction and fired continuously, and it can be fired 29 times in 4 minutes. Some people have done experiments to make fart bomb beetles fight against large ants. In 200 encounters, the former was safe and sound.

Why is fart bomb beetle such a chemical weapon so powerful? Scientists photographed and observed it with high-speed cameras, and finally revealed the secret. It turns out that there are a pair of saccular compartments at the tip of Xiao Pi beetle's abdomen, which are used as storage room and reaction room respectively. Hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide secreted by glands are kept in the storeroom. The valve in the storage room is often closed. When predators such as ants attack, it will immediately open the valve and let secretions enter the reaction chamber. At this time, the glands in the reaction chamber secrete peroxidase and catalase, and the mixed liquid entering produces great pressure under the catalysis of these two enzymes. The heat released by the reaction raises the temperature in the reaction chamber to 100℃. At the moment of explosion, about a quarter of the solution turned into steam, forming a steaming "liquid shell", which made the invading animals stay away.

Among mammals, weasels, skunks, stoats, skunks, civets and so on. It will also emit smelly or smelly liquid when it meets the enemy, so as to scare off the enemy and defend itself. Among them, the skunk in the United States is the most prominent. When it is attacked by the enemy, it will immediately raise its tail high and spray unpleasant liquid from the root of its tail. This smelly liquid can not only make the enemy retreat, but also have a paralyzing effect. If sprayed on a person's face, it will make people faint and stay awake for a long time. So in the American forest where many animals live, no one dares to provoke skunks.

In the law of the jungle, animals must have the ability to escape or fight back against the enemy, take out unique skills when necessary, and show them through various behaviors in order to survive. I wonder if I can help you! Hehe, I hope it works!