Western oil painting girl photography

Treasures of Philadelphia Museum of Art, USA

Naked girl goes down stairs No.2 (oil painting)? Marcel duchamp?

■ Famous paintings that have opened up new paths for modern art and caused controversy.

Naked woman goes down stairs No.2-the appearance of this painting can be regarded as an "event". 1913 In February, when the international art exhibition (commonly known as the armory exhibition), which formally introduced the latest European art (such as Fauvism and Cubism), was held in new york, this painting published by 23-year-old painter Duchamp was one of the most controversial works, causing waves among the citizens of the new world. They can't understand what Duchamp painted at all. This painting, entitled "Explosion of Tile Factory" and "The Peak of Subway Crowd", contains not only ridicule, but also anger at the author. This painting consists of parts that are neither flesh nor metal, and it overlaps like an avalanche from left to right. Duchamp has been in contact with Cubist painters in Paris since very early times. He has been thinking about how the "dynamic" he was interested in since he was a child should be expressed on the canvas.

With the rise of the industrial revolution in the18th century, the development of mechanical civilization accelerated. Duchamp, with his keen perceptual prediction, predicted that human beings will also become a part of the industrial system and a machine. It is in this famous painting that his hunch decomposes the human body and makes it the source of "running machinery".

However, this painting was also rejected by cubist painters, and even refused to be exhibited at the exhibition in 19 12, which was free to be exhibited without review. Since then, Duchamp no longer actively participated in the Paris exhibition, but went to new york in 19 15. After the exhibition "The Armory", Duchamp became a "celebrity" in the United States, which can accept new art, and received enthusiastic support from Mr. and Mrs. Ehrenborg, and his creation made rapid progress. So, two years later, ordinary daily necessities were put together and exhibited as works of art, which once again brought an impact to the art world. His exploratory attempts had a great influence on artists in the second half of the twentieth century, and various forms of modern artistic techniques such as pop art were born.

Mr. and Mrs. Errens accepted Duchamp's last wish, collected all his works and made every effort to collect most of his works in Philadelphia Art Museum. Therefore, after 80 years of exhibition in the armory, visitors standing in front of this painting are still deeply shocked by the influence of this painting.

■ Dynamic human body with mechanical operation.

The object moving from left to right in the picture, like a machine, seems to be "naked" from the title, but its gender can't be judged at all. After all, what exactly does Duchamp's painting depict about Li? Compared with the last year's work Dursina, Operation is more subtle and three-dimensional, focusing on the "movement" itself. Moreover, if we read the younger sister (191year) and the bride (19 12 year) painted later, we can see that the painter used the body as a "machine of action" for the first time in this painting. This painting shows the theme of the painter's life-body, movement, machinery, and his own lust.

■ Light and darkness of mechanical civilization

From Duchamp's birth to his painting, the world is in the whirlpool of mechanical civilization leap. /kloc-in the second half of the 0/9th century, heavy industry and chemical industry developed, and at the beginning of the 20th century, many revolutionary machinery such as railways appeared. 1903, the Wright brothers invented the plane, which made people crazy: 19 13, Ford began mass production of cars, which made people overly optimistic about scientific and technological progress. Duchamp tried to match the human body dynamics with the naked woman under the no.2 stairs by means of continuous rapid photography with the camera. However, in 19 14, two years after the painting was completed, the first world war broke out, fighters and chariots produced by advanced technology became large-scale killing tools, and human beings and the art of appreciating mechanical civilization were sacrificed in this civilization. Du Xiang foresaw that the utilization of science and technology was not entirely optimistic, and he explored the future of mankind with a cool eye.

■ From Cubism to Dadaism

Futurism, which was active at the same time as Duchamp, also introduced mechanical operation into painting. However, futurists praise the war of mechanical civilization and obliterate the reason of individual existence; On the contrary, Duchamp focused on exploring the residual humanity of mechanical civilization. Therefore, Duchamp turned to the hidden desires in people's hearts for answers. This painting decomposes objects from multiple perspectives and melts moving elements (four dimensions) into three-dimensional space.

After Duchamp came to America, he published a series of "ready-made articles" such as bicycle wheels, bottle racks or bottle drying racks or hedgehogs, which once again challenged the fixed pattern of painting and became a pioneer of Dadaism. Later, he tried to capture things from the most fundamental point with The Naked Woman Descending the Stairs No.2, and tried to show a brand-new value in his works.

■ The special significance of naked girl No.2 descending stairs in the history of painting.

19 13, the armory exhibition held in new york is famous for boldly introducing European radical art and bringing great impact to American art; Among them, "Naked Girl 2 Down the stairs" is the most avant-garde work, which gives strong stimulation to new American painters. At that time, American modern art was exploring its own style, and this exhibition created a good opportunity for it. After Duchamp's pioneering attempt, he produced popular art that integrated the impressions of general habits and everyday things into his works, and various modern arts such as opal art characterized by the vibration of his works and the flicker under the lighting effect. Later, the United States replaced Europe and became the center of modern art in the second half of the 20th century.