6 stories about failure being the mother of success

When failure is inevitable, failure is great. Failure is the mother of success, and struggle is the father of success. Only by continuing to struggle will you succeed. The following is a story I compiled for you about failure being the mother of success. I hope you like it!

Stories about failure being the mother of success: 1

Pierre Curie (Pierre Curie) was born in Paris on May 15, 1859 in a family of doctors. During his childhood and adolescence, he had a contemplative personality, was not easy to change his mind, was taciturn, and had slow reactions. He was not suitable for the infusion-type knowledge training in ordinary schools and could not follow the class. People said that he was mentally slow, so he never went to elementary school since he was a child. and middle schools. His father often took him to the countryside to collect specimens of animals, plants, and minerals, which cultivated his strong interest in nature and learned preliminary methods of how to observe things and how to interpret them. When Curie was 14 years old, his parents hired a mathematics teacher for him. His mathematics progressed rapidly, and he obtained a bachelor's degree in science at the age of 16. Two years after entering the University of Paris, he obtained a master's degree in physics. In 1880, when he was 21 years old, he and his brother Jacques Curie studied the properties of crystals and discovered the piezoelectric effect of crystals. In 1891, he studied the relationship between the magnetism of substances and temperature and established Curie's law: the magnetization coefficient of paramagnetic substances is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature. While conducting scientific research, he also created and improved many new instruments, such as piezoelectric crystal scales, Curie balances, Curie electrometers, etc. On July 25, 1895, Pierre Curie married Marie Curie.

Marie Curie was born on November 7, 1867 in Warsaw under the rule of Tsarist Russia. Her father was a middle school teacher. At the age of 16, she graduated from Warsaw Middle School with a gold medal. Because her family could not afford to continue her studies, she had to work as a tutor for six years. Later, with his own savings and the help of his sister, he went to Paris to study in 1891. At the University of Paris, she studied diligently under extremely difficult conditions. After four years, she obtained two master's degrees in physics and mathematics.

The year after the Curies got married, in 1896, Becquerel discovered the radioactive phenomenon of uranium salts, which aroused great interest in the young couple. Marie Curie was determined to study this unusual phenomenon. the essence of the phenomenon. She first tested all the chemical elements known at the time and discovered that thorium and thorium compounds were also radioactive. She further examined the radioactivity of various complex minerals and unexpectedly discovered that pitchblende was more than four times more radioactive than pure uranium oxide. She concluded that uranium ore apparently contained a more radioactive element in addition to uranium.

Based on his experience as a physicist, Curie immediately realized the importance of this research result. He put aside the crystal research he was doing and devoted himself to the search for new elements with Madame Curie. middle. Soon they determined that uranium ore contained not one but two undiscovered elements. In July 1898, they first named one of the elements polonium to commemorate Marie Curie's native Poland. Not long after, in December 1898, they named another element radium. In order to obtain pure polonium and radium, they performed hard work. Working day and night in a shabby shed for four years. I stirred the boiling pitchblende slag in the pot with an iron rod, and my eyes and throat endured the irritation of the smoke coming out of the pot. After refining again and again, I got one-tenth of a gram of pitchblende slag from several tons of pitchblende slag. radium. For the discovery of radioactivity, the Curies and Becquerel won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.

In 1906, Pierre Curie died in a car accident at the age of 47. After the death of Pierre Curie, Marie Curie endured great grief and took over her husband's position as professor of physics at the University of Paris, becoming the first female professor at the school. She continued her research work on radioactivity. In 1910, she and French chemist Debie Hernault analyzed pure radium and determined its atomic weight and position in the periodic table of elements. She also measured the half-lives of radon and some other radioactive elements, and sorted out the systematic relationship between the decay of radioactive elements. Due to these major achievements, he was awarded the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, becoming the only scientist in history to win the Nobel Prize twice.

The Curies personally experienced the physiological effects of radium. They were burned by radium rays more than once. They worked with doctors to study the use of radium to treat cancer and pioneered radiotherapy. During the First World War, she participated in battlefield health services for her motherland, Poland, and her second motherland, France. She organized X-ray cars and X-ray photography rooms to serve wounded soldiers, and also used radium to treat wounded soldiers. Great effect.

After the war, Marie Curie returned to the Radium Institute she founded in Paris to continue her research and train young scholars. In his later years, he completed the refining of polonium and actinium. Marie Curie engaged in radium research for 35 years without any protective facilities. In addition, she spent four years building an X-ray laboratory during the war. The radiation seriously damaged her health and caused her severe anemia. In May 1934, she had to leave her beloved laboratory and died on July 4, 1934.

The Curies were indifferent and modest throughout their lives. They did not like worldly compliments and praises, and did not care about personal fame, wealth and status. After discovering radium and successfully refining it, they did not apply for a patent and did not retain any rights. They believe that radium is an element that should belong to all mankind. They revealed their method of extracting radium to the world. More than one gram of radium, which they spent more than ten years to prepare and was worth approximately US$100,000, was all handed over to the Radium Science Institute without taking any penny. The gram of radium donated to her by the American women's circle was not kept privately. Half was given to the French Radium Institute and the other half was given to the Radium Institute in Warsaw. They could have become millionaires overnight when they used radium to treat cancer, but they agreed not to receive any material benefits from their invention. The purpose of their hard work is to bring happiness to mankind from new discoveries.

Mendeleev and the Periodic Table of Elements

What are all things in the universe made of? The ancient Greeks thought they were water, earth, fire, and air, while ancient China believed The theory of the five elements of metal, wood, water, fire and earth. In modern times, people gradually understood that there are many kinds of elements, and there are definitely more than four or five kinds. In the 18th century, scientists had discovered more than 30 elements, such as gold, silver, iron, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, etc. By the 19th century, 54 elements had been discovered.

People will naturally ask, how many undiscovered elements are there? Do the elements exist alone, or are there some connection with each other?

Mendeleev discovered The periodic law of elements reveals this mystery.

It turns out that the elements are not a bunch of mobs, but like a well-trained army, arranged in an orderly manner according to strict orders. How are they arranged? Mendeleev discovered: The atomic weight of the elements Equal or similar, the properties are similar; moreover, the properties of elements and their atomic weights change periodically.

Mendeleev was very excited. He arranged the more than 60 elements that had been discovered at that time into a table according to their atomic weight and properties. It turned out that starting from any element, every eight elements counted had similar properties to the first element. He put this rule It's called "eight-tone temperament".

How did Mendeleev discover the periodic law of elements?

On February 7, 1834, Ivanovich Mendeleev was born in Topo, Siberia. Ersk, whose father is a middle school principal. At the age of 16, he entered the Department of Natural Sciences Education of St. Petersburg Teachers College. After graduation, Mendeleev went to Germany for further study and concentrated on the study of physical chemistry. He returned to China in 1861 and became a professor at St. Petersburg University.

When compiling lecture notes on inorganic chemistry, Mendeleev found that the Russian textbooks on this subject were all outdated, and foreign language textbooks could not adapt to the new teaching requirements. Therefore, there was an urgent need for a new textbook that could reflect contemporary teachings. An inorganic chemistry textbook for the developmental level of chemistry.

This idea inspired the young Mendeleev. When Mendeleev was writing his chapter on the properties of chemical elements and their compounds, he encountered a problem. In what order should they be arranged? At that time, 63 chemical elements had been discovered in the chemical world. In order to find a scientific classification method for elements, he had to study the intrinsic connections between the relevant elements.

Studying the history of a certain subject is the best way to grasp the development process of the subject. Mendeleev understood this deeply. He went to the library of St. Petersburg University and sorted out the original materials for previous studies on the classification of chemical elements in countless volumes.

Mendeleev caught I was fascinated by the historical context of chemists studying the classification of elements, analyzing and thinking day and night. In the dead of night, the lights were still on in Mendeleev's room on the left side of the main building of St. Petersburg University. For safety reasons, the servant opened the door of Mendeleev's study.

?Anton!? Mendeleev stood up and said to the servant: ?Go to the laboratory to find some thick paper, and bring the basket with you. ?

Anton is a loyal servant of Professor Mendeleev’s family. He walked out of the room, shrugging his shoulders inexplicably, and quickly brought out a roll of thick paper.

?Cut it open for me. ?

While instructing the servant, Mendeleev began to draw a grid on the thick paper.

?All cards must be the same size as this grid. Let's start cutting, I'm going to write on it. ?

Mendeleta worked tirelessly. On each card he wrote the name of the element, its quantity, the chemical formula and main properties of the compound. The basket gradually filled with cards. Mendeleev divided them into several categories and placed them on a large experimental table.

In the following days, Mendeleev systematically organized the element cards. Mendeleev's family was surprised to see the professor who always cherished his time suddenly become interested in playing cards. Mendeleev acted as if there was no one around, holding the element cards in his hand like playing cards every day, putting them away, putting them away, putting them away again, putting them away again, playing with a frown on his face

As winter turns to spring, spring comes. Mendeleev found no inherent order in the chaotic array of elemental cards. One day, he sat at the table and played with the cards again. Here, playing, playing, Mendeleev stood up as if he was electrocuted.

There appeared in front of him completely nothing As expected, the properties of each row of elements gradually change from top to bottom according to the increase in atomic weight.

Mendeleev was so excited that his hands were shaking. ?This means that the properties of elements are periodically related to their atomic weights. Mendeleev paced around the room excitedly, then quickly grabbed his notepad and wrote on it: Arrange the table of elements based on the approximation of their atomic weights and their chemical properties. ?

At the end of February 1869, Mendeleev finally discovered the periodic change of elements in the arrangement of chemical element symbols. In the same year, the German chemist Meyer also produced a periodic table of elements based on the physical properties and other properties of the elements. By the end of 1869, Mendeleev had accumulated sufficient material on the chemical composition and properties of the elements.

What is the use of the shadowless periodic table? It is extraordinary.

First, we can use this to explore new elements in a planned and purposeful way. Since the elements are regularly arranged according to their atomic weights, then there must be some unknown elements between two elements with very different atomic weights. Based on the discovered elements, Mendeleev predicted the existence of four new elements: boron-like, aluminum-like, silicon-like, and zirconium-like. Soon, the prediction was confirmed. Later, other scientists discovered elements such as gallium, scandium, and germanium. So far, the number of new elements discovered has far exceeded that of the previous century. In the final analysis, it all benefits from Menshi's periodic table of elements. I believe that among young people, many new chemists will emerge to further unlock the mysteries of the microscopic world.

The second is that it can correct the previously measured atomic weights. When Mendeleev compiled the periodic table of elements, he re-revised the original weights of a large number of elements (at least 17). Because according to the periodic law of elements, many of the original quantities measured previously are obviously inaccurate. Taking indium as an example, I originally thought that it was divalent like zinc, so its atomic weight was determined to be 75. According to the periodic table, it was found that steel and aluminum are both divalent, and it was concluded that its atomic weight should be 113. It happens to be in the vacancy between calcium and tin and has suitable properties. Later scientific experiments confirmed that Menshi's conjecture was completely correct. The most amazing thing is that in 1875, the French chemist Bois-Baudran announced the discovery of a new element, gallium, with a specific gravity of 4.7 and an atomic weight of 59 points. Based on the periodic table, Mendeleev concluded that the properties of gallium are similar to those of aluminum. Similarly, the specific gravity should be 5.9 and the atomic weight should be 68, and it is estimated that gallium is obtained by reduction of sodium. A person who has never seen gallium actually corrected the data measured by its first discoverer. Brinell was very surprised. Surprisingly, the results of the experiment are indeed very close to Menshi's judgment. The specific gravity is 5.94 and the atomic weight is 69.9. According to the method provided by Menshi, Brinell newly purified gallium. It turns out that the inaccurate data is due to the sodium contained in the scale, which is greatly reduced. its own atomic weight and specific gravity.

Third, with the periodic table, humans have made a new leap in thinking about the material world. For example, through the periodic table, it has been strongly confirmed that the law that quantitative changes cause qualitative changes. Changes in atomic weight cause qualitative changes in elements. For another example, it can be seen from the periodic table that while opposing elements (metals and non-metals) are in opposition, there is an obvious relationship of unity and transition. There is a law in philosophy that says things always spiral from simple to complex. The periodic table of elements is exactly like this. It divides the discovered elements into 8 families, and each family is divided into 5 periods. The elements in each period and each category are arranged from small to large according to their atomic weight, and the cycle starts again and again.

The periodic law of elements connects the three elements in one fell swoop, making humans realize that the change in the properties of chemical elements is a process from quantitative change to qualitative change, completely breaking the original view that various elements are isolated and unrelated to each other. It freed chemical research from being limited to an irregular list of countless individual sporadic facts, thereby laying the foundation for modern chemistry.

Story about failure is the mother of success: Part 2

Before the advent of electric lights, the lighting tools commonly used by people were kerosene lamps or gas lamps. This kind of lamp burns kerosene or gas, so it produces strong black smoke and a pungent odor. It is also very inconvenient to add fuel and clean the lampshade frequently. What's more serious is that this kind of lamp can easily cause fire and cause catastrophe. Over the years, many scientists have tried their best to invent an electric light that is both safe and convenient.

In the early 19th century, a British chemist used 2,000 batteries and two carbon rods to make the world's first arc lamp. But this kind of light is too strong and can only be installed on streets or squares, and cannot be used by ordinary families. Countless scientists have racked their brains to create a cheap, high-quality, durable household electric light.

The day has finally arrived. On October 21, 1879, an American inventor finally ignited the world's first practical electric lamp through long and repeated experiments. Since then, the name of this inventor, like the electric light he invented, has entered thousands of households. He was Edison, who was praised by later generations as the "King of Inventions".

On February 11, 1847, Edison was born in Milan, Ohio, USA. He only studied in school for three months in his life, but he was studious and diligent in thinking. He invented more than 1,000 achievements such as electric lights, phonographs, and movie cameras, and made significant contributions to mankind.

When Edison was 12 years old, he was obsessed with scientific experiments. After his tireless self-study and experiments, when he was 16 years old, he invented an automatic telegraph that sent a signal every hour.

Later, automatic ticket counting machines, the first practical typewriter, double and quadruple telegraph machines, automatic telephones and phonographs were invented one after another. With these inventions, Edison was not satisfied. In September 1878, Edison decided to launch an attack on the fortress of electric lighting. He read a lot of books about electric lighting and was determined to make electric lights that were cheap, durable, safe and convenient.

He started with incandescent lamps. A small piece of heat-resistant material is placed in a glass bubble. When the current burns it to a white-hot level, it emits light due to heat. He first thought of charcoal, so he put a small piece of charcoal wire into a glass bubble, but it broke immediately as soon as he was powered on.

?What is the reason for this? Edison picked up the carbon filament that was broken into two sections and looked at the glass bubble again. After a long time, he suddenly remembered, ?Oh, maybe it’s because there is air in it. Air The oxygen in the carbon fiber helped the carbon filament burn, causing it to break immediately! So he used his own handmade air extractor to remove as much air as possible from the glass bubble. As soon as the power was turned on, it did not turn off immediately. But after 8 minutes, the light still went out.

But anyway, Edison finally discovered that the incandescent lamp is very important in the vacuum state. The key is the carbon filament. This is the crux of the problem.

So what kind of heat-resistant material should be chosen?

Edison thought about it and decided that platinum had the highest melting point and strong heat resistance! So Edison and his The assistants tried several times with platinum, but this kind of platinum with a higher melting point, although it extended the lighting time of the lamp a lot, it still had to automatically turn off and then light up from time to time, which was still not ideal.

Edison was not discouraged and continued his experimental work. He successively tried various rare metals such as barium, titanium, and indium, but the results were not very satisfactory.

After a while, Edison made a summary of the previous experimental work and wrote down all the various heat-resistant materials he could think of. There were as many as 1,600 kinds in total.

Next, he and his assistants classified the 1,600 heat-resistant materials and began testing them. They tried many times, but platinum was still the most suitable. Thanks to improved extraction methods that create a higher degree of vacuum inside the glass bulb, the lamp life has been extended to 2 hours. But this kind of lamp made of platinum is too expensive. Who is willing to spend so much money to buy a lamp that can only be used for 2 hours?

The experimental work fell into a trough, and Edison was very Troubled, one cold winter, Edison sat by the fire, looking at the blazing charcoal fire, and couldn't help but mutter to himself: charcoal

The charcoal bars that can be made from charcoal have been tried. What should he do? Edison felt hot all over, and he pulled off the scarf around his neck. Seeing the scarf made of cotton yarn, Edison suddenly had an idea in his mind:

Yes! The fiber of cotton yarn is better than that of wood. Good, can I use this kind of material?

He hurriedly pulled off a piece of cotton yarn from the scarf and roasted it on the fire for a long time. The cotton yarn turned into burnt charcoal. He carefully put the carbon filament into the glass bubble and tested it. The effect was indeed very good.

Edison was very happy, and immediately made a lot of carbon filaments made of cotton yarn, and conducted many experiments in succession. The life of the light bulb was suddenly extended by 13 hours, and later reached 45 hours.

As soon as the news spread, it shocked the whole world. The price of gas stocks in London, England plummeted, and the gas industry was also in chaos. People had a premonition that lighting gas lamps would soon become a thing of the past, and the future would be the age of electric light.

Everyone congratulated Edison, but the cute Edison didn’t look happy at all. He shook his head and said: No, we have to find other materials!?

Why, it stayed on for 45 hours. Not yet? The assistant asked in surprise. ?No! I hope it can light up for 1,000 hours, preferably 16,000 hours!? Edison replied.

As we all know, it is good to have more than 1,000 hours of light, but what kind of suitable materials should we find?

Edison already had an idea at this time. Based on the properties of cotton yarn, he decided to look for new materials from plant fibers.

So, the marathon experiment began again. Edison experimented with all plant materials he could find. He even used horse mane, human hair and beards as filament experiments. Finally, Edison chose bamboo. Before the experiment, he took out a piece of bamboo, looked at it through a microscope, and jumped with joy. So, he put the carbonized bamboo filaments into a glass bulb, and when the electricity was turned on, the bamboo filament bulbs lit up continuously for 1,200 hours!

At this time, Edison finally breathed a sigh of relief, and his assistant People congratulated him one after another, but he said seriously: There are many bamboos around the world, and their structures are different. We should choose carefully! ?

The assistant was deeply moved by Edison's scientific attitude of striving for excellence , one after another volunteered to inspect various places. After comparison, a kind of bamboo produced in Japan was the most suitable, so a large amount of this bamboo was imported from Japan. At the same time, Edison opened a power plant and set up wires. Soon after, the American people began to use this cheap, high-quality, durable bamboo filament light bulb.

Bamboo filament lamps have been used for many years.

It was not until 1906 that Edison switched to using tungsten filament, which improved the quality of light bulbs and continues to be used today.

When people light up the electric lamp, they always think of this great inventor, who brought endless light to the darkness. In 1979, the United States spent millions of dollars on a year-long commemorative event to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Edison's invention of the electric light.

Story about failure being the mother of success: Three

The development of China’s aerospace industry is linked to the name of Qian Xuesen. Qian Xuesen was born in Shanghai on December 11, 1911, and graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934. He went to the United States to study in 1935 and received his doctorate in 1938 under the guidance of von Kamen, a famous expert at the California Institute of Technology. In 1943, he collaborated with Malina to complete the research report "Review and Preliminary Analysis of Long-Range Rockets", which laid the theoretical foundation for the United States to successfully develop ground-attack missiles and sounding rockets in the 1940s. Its design ideas were used in the actual design of the Corporal Sounding Rocket and the Private A missile. The experience gained directly led to the successful development of the Sergeant surface-to-surface missile in the United States, and later became the basis for the composite composite missile adopted by the United States. Propellant rocket engines pioneered the Polaris, Minuteman, Poseidon and anti-ballistic missiles.

Since then, Qian Xuesen has made many groundbreaking contributions to aeronautical engineering theory in terms of ultra-high-speed and transonic aerodynamics and thin-shell stability theory. The high-speed sonic flow theory he proposed together with Kamen provided the basis for aircraft to overcome the sound barrier and thermal barrier. The Kamen-Qianxuesen formula named after him and Kamen became the authoritative formula in aerodynamic calculations and was used in high-subsonic aircraft. aerodynamic design.

Because he made great contributions to the theory of rocket technology and proposed the functional concept of nuclear rocket in 1949, he was recognized as an authoritative scholar in rocket technology at that time.

In 1955, Qian Xuesen broke through the obstacles of the US government and returned to his motherland, devoting himself to the establishment of China's aerospace industry. On February 17, 1956, he submitted a "Opinion on Establishing my country's National Defense Industry" to the State Council, which most importantly proposed an extremely important implementation plan for the development of my country's rocket technology. In October of the same year, he was appointed to establish my country's first rocket research institute, the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense, and served as the first director.

He then served as a long-term technical leader in aerospace development. With his participation, my country successfully launched its first imitation rocket in November 1960, and on June 29, 1964, my country's first self-designed medium-to-short-range rocket achieved a successful flight test. In 1965, Qian Xuesen suggested formulating a plan for the development of artificial satellites and incorporating them into national missions, which ultimately led to the launch of my country's first satellite into space in 1970.

In the early 1950s, Qian Xuesen developed cybernetics into a technical science - engineering cybernetics, which provided the basis for the guidance theory of aircraft. He also created the systems engineering theory and applied it widely.

Due to Qian Xuesen’s outstanding achievements in China’s aerospace science and technology, the International Institute of Science and Technology awarded him the Jr. Rockwell Medal in 1989; in 1991,

In October, the Chinese government He was awarded the title of "Outstanding Contribution Scientist".