Classic logical thinking training problem 25 _ Training methods to improve logical ability

IN THIS ARTICLE: Logical thinking ability can be improved through training. But only by persistent training can we really improve our logical thinking ability. Here are 25 training questions, let's brainstorm together! 1. World-class marathon runners run no more than 6 kilometers a day. Therefore, if a runner runs more than 6 kilometers a day, he is not a world-class marathon runner.

Classical logical thinking training 25 questions

Which of the following is the same as the above reasoning method?

Long jumpers run every morning. If someone runs in the morning, he is not a long jumper.

If you only sleep four hours a day, it is harmful to your health. Studies show that the most valuable sleep occurs in the fifth hour after falling asleep.

(3) Parents and children play games, and children are happier. Therefore, parents should play more games.

(d) If the car can start in the morning, it may start at night. Our car usually starts in the morning. Similarly, it usually starts at night.

(e) Don't draw for three hours. If a paint dries in three hours, it is not paint.

2./kloc-In the 9th century, an English reformer said that every hardworking farmer had at least two cows. Those who don't have cows are generally lazy. Therefore, its reform model is that the state gives two cows to every farmer who has no cows, so that there will be no lazy people in the country.

The reformer obviously made a logical mistake. Which of the following options is similar to this error?

It's raining and the ground is wet. It's not raining now, so the ground is not wet.

This is a good book because its author won the Nobel Prize.

As a criminal, who are you to say that I don't understand philosophy?

Because he is lying in bed, he is ill.

(e) You lied, so I don't believe you; You lied because I didn't believe you.

One day, a precious diamond was stolen from a jewelry store. After investigation, it was found that the perpetrators must be among A, B, C and D, so the four main suspects were interrogated. The confessions obtained at the trial are as follows:

A: I am not a criminal.

Ding is a criminal.

C: B is the criminal who stole this diamond.

D: I didn't commit a crime.

After verification, only one of the four confessions was false. So, which of the following is the correct result of solving the case?

(a) A has committed a crime.

(b) B has committed a crime.

(c) C has committed a crime.

Ding committed a crime.

(e) Party A, Party B, Party C and Party D commit crimes jointly.

4. In ancient times, there was a king who went out hunting with his five generals, Zhang, Wang, Li, Zhao and Qian. Everyone's arrow was engraved with his surname. While hunting, a deer was shot down by an arrow, but I don't know who shot it.

Zhang said: either I shot it or General Li shot it. ?

Wang said: General Qian didn't take it. ?

Li said: If it wasn't General Zhao, it must have been General Wang. ?

Zhao said: I didn't shoot it, nor did General Wang shoot it. ?

The money said:? Neither General Lee nor General Zhang fired. ?

The king asked someone to bring the arrow that hit the deer, looked at it and said, only two of your five generals' guesses are true. ? Please judge which of the following is correct according to the king's words?

(1) General Zhang shoots deer.

(b) General Wang shot the deer.

(c) General Li shot the deer.

(D) General Zhao shoots deer.

General Qian shot the deer.

5.？ Section chief Zhao gave up smoking again. ?

From this sentence, we can't come to such a conclusion.

(a) Zhao Chuan District has given up smoking in the past, perhaps more than once.

(b) Zhao Chuan District failed to quit smoking in the past, and may still do so this time.

(c) Zhao Chuan is a heavy smoker, and those who say this believe that Zhao Chuan will never give up smoking.

(d) The person who said this is mocking and laughing at section chief Zhao's behavior of quitting smoking.

(e) The speaker is confident that Zhao Chuan will successfully quit smoking this time.

6. There is a sign at the entrance of Plato Academy in ancient Greece? Those who don't know geometry are not allowed in? . On this day, a group of people came. They all know geometry.

So, they

(a) may be admitted;

(b) shall not be allowed to enter.

(c) Will definitely be allowed to enter.

(d) it is impossible to be allowed to enter.

(e) It is impossible not to be allowed to enter.

7. All the students who passed CET-6 joined the English club of the school, while Wang Jin joined the English club, so he must have passed CET-6.

Which of the following best points out the logical error of the above argument?

Some students who passed CET-6 didn't join the English club.

(b) Wang Jin can join the English club, because it meets the basic conditions for joining the club.

Wang Jin once won the first prize in the grade English speech contest.

(d) Any student who is willing to pay 50 yuan membership fee every semester and take an active part in club activities can become a member of the club.

Some students who joined the club failed CET-6.

8. Seriously studying logical knowledge and strengthening logical training can effectively improve people's logical thinking level and enhance their logical thinking ability. Kobayashi usually pays attention to the study of logical knowledge and the training of logical thinking. It is conceivable that his thinking is organized and logical. In the above discussion, which of the following mistakes is wrong?

(1) Change the subject.

Contradictory.

(c) generalize from the partial.

(d) The argument is irrelevant to the subject.

(e) it can't be pushed out.

9. If the battery in the electric shaver runs out, the shaver can't be used. My razor is broken, so the battery must be dead.

Which of the following sentences is similar to the above argument?

(a) If Diego Diego Maradona plays, the Argentine team will definitely win. The Argentine team lost, so diego maradona definitely didn't play.

Unless the evidence is unacceptable, it will not be destroyed. This evidence was not credible, so it was destroyed.

(c) If A commits a crime, his fingerprints can be found at the scene. A didn't commit a crime, so no fingerprints were found at the scene.

Ge is my uncle and Phillips is Ge's niece. Therefore, Phillips is my sister.

(e) If the coast is clearly visible, Yasen will wear sunglasses. The coast can be seen clearly, so Yasen will wear sunglasses.

10. A watch shop was stolen. After investigation, it can be confirmed that it was one of Party A, Party B, Party C and Party D. During the trial, A said:? I am not a criminal. ? B said:? Ding is a criminal. ?

C said: B is a criminal. ? Ding said: I am not a criminal. ? According to the survey, only one of the four people is telling the truth.

Which of the following is true according to the known conditions?

What A said is a lie, therefore, A is a criminal.

(b) B is telling the truth and D is a criminal.

(c) C is telling the truth and B is a criminal.

What Ding said is a lie, and Ding is indeed a criminal.

(e) All four people lied, and C was the criminal.

1 1. Which is more important, congenital genetic factors or acquired environmental influences? The study of twins plays an important role in answering this question. However, environmental impact determinists predict that if a pair of twins are raised separately and a pair of unrelated babies are raised together, when they grow up, the similarity between the former two will never be more than the similarity between the latter two in terms of internal characteristics such as personality. The actual statistical data does not support this extreme view, but it also does not support another extreme view, that is, determinism only depends on genetic factors.

What conclusion can be drawn from the above discussion?

(a) In order to determine which of the above two extreme views is correct, further research work is needed.

(2) Although it cannot be said that environmental impact plays the only decisive role in human development, it actually plays an important role.

(c) Environmental influences and genetic factors play an important role in human development.

It is futile to try to change a person by changing his environment.

(e) The twin study is not satisfactory because it draws contradictory conclusions.

12. A drug that is very effective for many infectious diseases can only be extracted from the skin of a tree called Ebola, which is rare in nature.

000 pieces of bark extract 1 kg of drugs. Therefore, the continuous production of this drug will inevitably lead to the extinction of this plant.

Which of the following, if true, can weaken the above statement most?

(a) Distribution of drugs extracted from Iborra bark to doctors through an authoritative organization.

(b) The production cost of extracting drugs from Iborra bark is very high.

(c) Iborra leaves are used in many medical varieties.

(D)ibora can be propagated by cutting and grown under artificial cultivation.

(e) Iborra is mainly grown in inaccessible areas.

13.？ As the legal representative of our company, I solemnly declare that any contract signed by Wang is invalid. Wang is not the legal representative of. If he is a legal representative, then I am not, because a company can only have one legal representative. ?

Which of the following statements best represents the position and viewpoint expressed by the speaker?

(1) The company has only one legal representative.

(b) Wang is not the legal representative of.

(c) Faye is not qualified to sign the contract.

(d) Faye does not represent our company.

(e) I don't recognize the contract signed by Faye.

14. There are three students, A, B and C. One was born in Beijing, one in Shanghai and one in Wuhan. One major is international finance, one major is business administration, and the other major is foreign languages. These include:

A is not studying international finance, and B is not studying foreign languages.

None of the students majoring in international finance were born in Shanghai.

All foreign language learners were born in Beijing.

④ B is not from Wuhan.

Please judge A's major according to the known conditions:

International finance.

Business administration.

Foreign languages.

(d) All three majors are possible.

(e) Three majors are impossible.

15. If the servant appears, he will be found; If he is found, he will be questioned; If someone asks him, he will answer the question and his voice will be heard. If you don't see or hear the servant, he must be working; If he was working, he would certainly appear, but no one heard the servant's voice.

Combined with the above, which of the following can be established?

(a) the servant was asked.

(b) Not asking the servant.

I didn't see the servant.

(d) see the servant.

(e) None of the above.

16. Xiao Wang and Xiao Zhang will have dinner together only if Xiao Chen attends; Xiao Chen only goes to the hotel near her home for dinner, which is a few miles away from the city center; Only when Xiao Wang goes will Xiao Song go to the hotel for dinner.

If the above information is correct, which of the following must be correct?

(a) Xiao Song didn't have dinner with Xiao Chen in the restaurant.

(b) Xiao Zhang doesn't eat in the restaurant with Xiao Song and Xiao Chen.

(c) Xiao Wang, Xiao Song and Xiao Zhang don't eat together in the restaurant.

(d) Xiao Song doesn't eat in the downtown hotel.

(e) Xiao Wang and Xiao Zhang will not eat together in the city center.

17. Some people think that the current university education is a failure in imparting basic skills. They surveyed the heads of personnel departments in several large companies and found that a large number of new employees did not master the basic skills of writing, quantity and logic well.

If the above argument is correct, which of the following is also correct?

(a) There are no basic skills courses in universities at present.

(2) Few new employees are college students.

(c) Basic skills in writing, quantity and logic are very important for a competent job.

(d) The new employees of large companies basically represent the level of current college graduates.

(e) College students in the past received more basic skills education than college students today.

18. It may be just an illusion to ban the production of various chemicals that destroy the ozone layer on a global scale. A large amount of this chemical has been produced and exists in thousands of refrigerators in the form of coolant. When these chemicals reach the ozone layer in the atmosphere, their influence cannot be stopped. Therefore, there is no way to prevent this chemical from further destroying the ozone layer.

Which of the following, if true, can weaken the above argument most seriously.

(a) It is impossible to accurately measure the amount of coolant in the refrigerator, which is a chemical substance that destroys the ozone layer.

(b) In modern society, it is necessary to refrigerate food to avoid unsanitary and potentially life-threatening situations.

(c) No substitutes have been developed that will not damage the ozone layer, and these substitutes may make the coolant currently used in refrigerators expensive.

(d) Even if people give up using refrigeration equipment, the coolant in existing refrigerators is a threat to the atmosphere.

(e) When the service life of the refrigerator ends, the coolant in the refrigerator can be completely recovered and reused.

19. The fire department of Longkou Development Zone applied to the municipal government to buy a new ladder truck, which is an important facility to put out fires in high-rise buildings. The municipal government rejected this application on the grounds that there are only five high-rise buildings in Longkou Development Zone, and there are enough ladder trucks in the fire station.

Which of the following must be assumed in the decision-making of the municipal government?

(1) Longkou Development Zone will not have new high-rise buildings capped and put into use at least in the near future.

(b) The municipal government faces financial difficulties and cannot afford to buy ladder trucks.

(c) At least one ladder truck in the fire station will not be retired in the near future.

(4) The fire protection facilities of high-rise buildings in Longkou Development Zone meet the standards.

(e) This ladder truck is not indispensable for fire fighting in high-rise buildings.

20. The World Health Organization 1995 survey report shows that 70% of lung cancer patients have a history of smoking. This shows that smoking will greatly increase the risk of lung cancer.

Which of the following, if true, will seriously weaken the above conclusion?

(a) In 1995, people with a history of smoking exceeded 65% of the world's total population.

(b) In B) 1995, the number of smokers in the world increased by 70 compared with 1994.

Passive smoking has also been found to be carcinogenic.

(d) The number of people who have never smoked exceeds 40% of the world population in 1995.

The number of underage smokers increased sharply from 65,438 to 0,995.

2 1. There is a logical reasoning, and the four alternative answers are:

(1) The perpetrator is A. ..

(2) the actor is B.

(3) the actor is C.

(4) The actor is A or B. ..

Assuming the question is valid, the correct answer to the question should be:

(A)( 1)

(B)(2)

(C)(3)

(D)(4)

nondeterminacy；uncertainty

22. Jia: According to our newspaper's survey of successful dieters, 70% said they had taken diet pills, and 30% said they had taken ganoderma lucidum diet pills. None of the respondents took other diet pills.

Chen: This shows that among the respondents, the number of people who take Shen Dong diet pills is more than twice that of those who take Ganoderma lucidum diet pills.

Ms. Jia: In addition, 25% of the respondents said that they had never lost weight through drugs.

Which of the following, if true, is most helpful to explain the contradiction that seems to exist in Ms. Jia's conclusion?

(a) 30% of the respondents took Ganoderma lucidum diet pills, of which 70% took Shen Dong diet pills.

(2) Some interviewees took the above two kinds of diet pills.

(c) The number of respondents exceeded 65,438+000.

(4) Respondents only account for a small part of all successful weight loss.

(e) Successful dieters account for only a small part of the total number of dieters.

23. Party A, Party B and Party C live in a student dormitory. Reported losses 2

000 yuan. After careful investigation, the security personnel came to the conclusion that it was C, and the class teacher said: This is the most impossible. ? The security guard said: when all other possibilities are ruled out, the remaining possibilities, no matter how impossible they seem, must be true. ?

If true, which of the following will most strongly shake the conclusion of security personnel?

(A) In fact, security personnel can't know students better than the class teacher.

(b) The basis for punishing illegal acts cannot be logical reasoning, but only evidence.

(c) Security personnel cannot fully grasp all possibilities.

C is regarded as an excellent student in the class.

(e) B has a criminal record.

24. Mr. Chen: I was so engrossed in playing Go that it would be a waste of effort if someone paged me at this time, because I couldn't hear anything.

Lao Jiao: You can't hear anything. How do you know someone is calling you?

Which of the following is the most appropriate evaluation of coke reaction?

(A) Lao Jiao's words correctly pointed out the logical contradiction in Lao Chen's words.

(2) Lao Jiao's words assume that no one actually paged Lao Chen when he played Go.

(3) Lao Jiao's words contain logical contradictions.

(d) Old Jiao's words assume that old Chen Can doesn't know that someone is calling him unless he hears the call.

(e) Lao Jiao's words assume that if someone calls Lao Chen, he will certainly be able to hear.

25. In the United States, the average fuel consumption of domestic cars is one gallon per 265,438+0.5 miles, while that of imported cars is one gallon per 30.5 miles. Obviously, American car buyers spend much more on gasoline than those who buy imported cars. Therefore, the American automobile industry will lose a large part of the domestic market in the competition with foreign automobile manufacturers.

Which of the following assumptions is the above argument based on?

(1) The cost performance of American-made cars and imported cars is roughly the same.

(2) The cost of a car in use is one of the main factors that buyers consider when buying a car.

(c) The price of gasoline in the United States is rising.

(d) The top speed of American cars is higher than that of imported cars.

(e) At present, domestic cars sell better than imported cars in the United States.

Answer:

1.E 2。 D 3。 B 4。 E 5。 E

6. A seven. E 8。 E 9。 B 10。 A

1 1.C 12。 D 13。 C 14。 C 15。 E

16. E 17. D 18。 E 19. C 20。 A

2 1.C 22。 B 23。 C 24。 D 25。 B

Train method for improving logical reason thinking ability

First, develop the habit of understanding things from multiple angles. Logical reasoning is carried out on the basis of grasping the inherent and inevitable relationship between things. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop the habit of understanding things from multiple angles and comprehensively understand the internal and external aspects of things and the various relationships between one thing and another. The first is study? Seeking common ground while reserving differences? New thinking habit: compare the same things, find the differences in some way, and distinguish the same things. At the same time, you must learn? Seeking common ground while reserving differences? Thinking habit: compare different things, find out the similarities in one aspect and sum up different things.

Second, play the role of imagination in logical reasoning. Exerting imagination can greatly promote the improvement of logical reasoning ability. To develop imagination, we must first enrich imagination materials and expand our knowledge. The more solid the knowledge base is, the wider the knowledge is, and the more imaginative it is. Secondly, image processing should be carried out frequently to form a correct representation of knowledge. Knowledge is only the basis of forming imagination, which does not mean that the more knowledge, the richer imagination. The key is whether you have the habit of processing knowledge in the image and forming correct representation. Besides, we should enrich our own language. Imagination depends on language and description that forms new representations. Therefore, language ability directly affects the development of imagination. Only by consciously accumulating vocabulary, reading more literary works, practicing and writing more, and learning to describe people and events in rich languages can we expand our imagination.

Third, enrich the theoretical knowledge about thinking. In fact, there are differences in generality, logicality and consciousness in reasoning, and there are also formal differences between deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning. Moreover, the development of reasoning ability follows certain laws. Middle school students should know more about the theoretical knowledge of thinking development and consciously use theory to guide the development of their logical reasoning ability. Generally speaking, middle school students' mastery and application of various reasoning abilities are unbalanced. For example, the results of inductive reasoning show that the correct utilization rate of junior one students has exceeded 60%; Deductive reasoning cannot approach 60% accuracy until the third grade. According to this law, middle school students should learn to consciously take theory as guidance to promote the balanced development of their various logical abilities.

Fourth, maintain a good emotional state. Psychological research reveals that bad emotions will affect the speed and accuracy of logical reasoning. Uncontrolled revelry, rage and crying, as well as persistent depression, worry and fear, will have a bad influence on reasoning. Therefore, middle school students should learn to use consciousness to adjust and control their emotions and moods, keep themselves calm and relaxed, and improve the level and quality of their logical reasoning.