General situation of Jiaojiang river basin

The inland potential of the basin inclines from west to east, with Yandang Mountain as the screen in the south, and there are major peaks such as Kuocang Mountain, Dalei Mountain and Tiantai Mountain, among which the main peak of Kuocang Mountain is 1,382.4 meters high, which is the highest peak in eastern Zhejiang. Jiaojiang River system flows from west to east through the urban area into Taizhou Bay. There are three major plains in coastal areas, namely Jiaobei Plain, which are the main grain-producing areas in Taizhou.

from its source to Xianju county in the upstream, Yong 'an River flows from west to east, with a total length of 116 kilometers. The tributaries on both sides of the strait are arranged in parallel and converge from south to north to the mainstream. The terrain of the county inclines from the outside to the inside, slightly to the east. Each branch intersects and stacks obliquely to form a multi-stage ladder platform. On the platform, gentle hills are undulating, and enclosed into valleys and basins of different sizes, which are suitable for farming. Among them, Xiage, Chengguan, Tianshi, Hengxi and other four valley plains have large areas. The bottom of its valley is mostly below 1 meters above sea level, and the ground is slightly undulating, which is an important area for rice and cash crops in this county. Hills and mountains are mostly composed of volcanic rocks and clastic rocks, all of which are Mesozoic and Cenozoic products. Affected by tectonic movement, fractures and joints are developed, with strong phase transition and complex lithology. In the long crustal evolution, changeable mountain landscapes have been formed. Strange peaks and caves abound. The eight famous scenic spots in Xianju: Nanfeng Fishing Boat, Dongling Xiaozhong, Shilong Linyu, Watercurtain Waterfall, jing xing Moongazing, Jinfeng Chongxiao, Magu Snow, Cangling Danfeng, are fascinating, and poets and writers travel everywhere. Pan Lei, the editor of the Hanlin Academy in Qing Dynasty, wrote: "The rooftop is deep and secluded, the wild geese are swaying strangely, and the Xianju has both."

the climate belongs to subtropical monsoon region, which is warm and humid with distinct seasons. The annual average temperature is 17.2 C, the average temperature in January is 5.6 C, and the average temperature in July is 28.5 C.. Due to the complex terrain and different locations, the temperature varies slightly from place to place. The frost-free period of the year is about 24 days. There is abundant rainfall, with an average precipitation of 1376.8 mm over the years, showing a bimodal distribution, with plum rain at the front and autumn rain at the back. June is the month with the most precipitation in the whole year, reaching 233 mm; November is the month with the least precipitation in the whole year, with only 75.9 mm. The spatial distribution of precipitation is also uneven, with more in the south than in the north and more in the east than in the west. The warm and humid climate is not only conducive to the cultivation of grain crops such as double-cropping rice and corn, but also to the development of cash crops such as tea, mulberry, camellia oleifera and citrus. However, summer drought, heavy rain in rainy season and typhoon season and low temperature frost brought by cold air have a serious impact on agriculture.

Xianju has a long history. More than 4, years ago, the ancestors of Xianju people, the Ou Yue people, lived in the valley plains on both sides of the middle and lower reaches of Yong 'anxi. During the Warring States Period, Xianju was the territory of Yue State. After Qin unified the whole country, it belonged to Huipu Township, Yinxian County, Minzhong County. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xianju was already a place where famous monks set foot in China. The "Stone Buddhist Temple" built in the first year of Xingping (194) still has its ruins. In the third year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (347), Xianju County was named Le 'an. It was abandoned several times during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and it was renamed Yong 'an in the fifth year of Wu Yuebao (93). In Song Dynasty, Xianju was one of the famous religious shrines in China. Song Zhenzong changed its name by imperial edict with its "cave-filled mountains shield Wei Zhou, but there are many houses of immortals".

in Tiantai county, the Tiantai mountain range winds from the west to the northeast, and the Dalei mountain range stretches in the southwest, forming a relatively flat hilly basin surrounded by mountains on all sides. The highest Cangshan Mountain in the east is 1113 meters above sea level, and Huading Mountain in the north is 111 meters above sea level. The valley plains on both sides of Shifeng River are 5-12 meters above sea level. Tiantai basin is triangular, with low mountains and hills accounting for 81% of the county's total area, and valley plains and terraces accounting for 19%. The streams belong to Jiaojiang River, Caoejiang River, Baixi River, Qingxi River and Zhuyouxi River. Shifengxi runs through Tiantai Basin, with a total length of 132.7 kilometers (68.5 kilometers in China) and a drainage area of 1,61 square kilometers (1,111.54 square kilometers in China). Tiantai County, named after Tiantai Mountain in China, connects Ninghai and Sanmen in the east, Pan 'an in the west, Xianju and Linhai in the south and Xinchang in the north. It is located between 28 57 ′ 2 ″ north latitude and 29 2 ′ 39 ″ east longitude and 12 41 ′ 24 ″-121 15 ′ 46 ″ east longitude. It is 54.7 kilometers long from east to west and 33.5 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 142.7 square kilometers.

Tiantai county has a subtropical monsoon climate, with moderate and pleasant rainfall, with an annual average temperature of 16.8℃ and rainfall of 132mm, which is suitable for the growth of various crops. County is located at the junction of Taizhou, Ningbo, Shaoxing and Jinhua, with national, provincial, county and township highways criss-crossing, and the "Upper Third Line" (Shangyu to Sanmen) expressway runs through the whole territory, so the traffic is very convenient. Tiantai county belongs to the mid-subtropical monsoon climate zone, with four distinct seasons, abundant precipitation and sufficient heat. Because of the surrounding mountains, the middle is low and flat, and the climate characteristics of the small area are remarkable, with a certain basin climate color.

During the Han and Jin Dynasties, Ge Xuan, a Taoist priest, and Tan You, a famous monk, successively came to Tiantai Mountain to preach the Dharma. Chen Sui, a monk, lived in Tiantai for 22 years, built 12 temples, founded Tiantai Sect of Buddhism, and became a generation of creative masters who influenced the world, so Tiantai Mountain became the birthplace of Tiantai Sect of Buddhism. In the Tang Dynasty, the monks and their party arrived in kokuseiji to learn to calculate and compile the Dayan Calendar. Hanshanzi, a poet, lived in seclusion in Tiantai for more than 7 years. In his later years, he came to Suzhou and Wuxi, and Hanshan Collection was handed down from generation to generation. (Now, countries such as Europe and America have set off a cold mountain research fever. ) More than 9 Japanese monks came to the mountain to seek dharma, which made Tiantai Mountain famous. Since then, monks from Japan and Korea (Korean Peninsula) have come to the mountains to seek dharma and worship Buddha, and kokuseiji has been regarded as the ancestral home of Tiantai Sect of Buddhism by Japan, South Korea and other countries. In the Song Dynasty, Zhang Baiduan founded the Ziyang Fairy School of Taoism, and later generations respected it as the ancestor of the Southern Sect of Taoism, and Tongbai Mountain became the native mountain of the Southern Sect of Taoism in China. The Yujing Cave in Chicheng Mountain, Lingxu Mountain and Sima Shenshan are also listed in Taoist books as the sixth cave in the world and the fourteenth and sixtieth blessed land. Ji Gong, a Zen monk, was born in Tiantai Chengguan. He is good at poetry and plays to help the poor, and is honored as a "living Buddha" by the people. Now, Jigong Pavilion is built at the stone wall of Jigong's birthplace, and Jigong Buddhist Temple is built in Chicheng Mountain, Jigong's juvenile reading room. The Vatican Taoist temple not only adds color to the scenic spot, but also makes Tiantai Mountain gain the reputation of "Buddhism and Taoism". Tiantai Mountain culture deserves to be regarded as a microcosm of the concentrated expression of the legendary culture of the Chinese nation and a model of the "integration of three religions" of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. The "Buddha Country Fairy Mountain" has also created countless magical legends. The story of Liu Chen and Ruan Zhaocai's encounter with immortals in the Han Dynasty, which spread through the ages, happened here.

The middle reaches of Linhai City are mainly mountainous and hilly, and the terrain is inclined from west to east. Lingjiang, the third largest water system in Zhejiang Province, runs across the city from west to east. From Xianju County to Yong 'anxi, and from Tiantai County to Shifengxi, it forms a "Y" shape on the map on the west side of the sea, joins Sanjiang in Yongfeng Town and enters Lingjiang. Three mountain ranges, including Kuocang Mountain, Dalei Mountain and Tongshi Mountain, extend in the west, south and north of the territory. In the west, there are mountains like Dalei, Chifeng and Yangyan, which stand around at an altitude of 7-12m. The central part is a fault basin, and the eastern part is a coastal plain with flat terrain. The territory is covered with mountains and peaks, hills and rivers. It has a subtropical monsoon humid climate with four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature is 17℃, the annual accumulated temperature is 537℃, the frost-free period is 241 days, and the average evaporation is 1231.4 mm, which belongs to the humid area. The average temperature in January is 5.8℃, and that in July is 28℃. The annual precipitation is 155 mm, May-June is the rainy season, July-September is mainly sunny, and typhoon activities are frequent at the turn of summer and autumn.

since the Xia dynasty, there have been human activities and territorial evolution in Linhai. In summer, Shang and Zhou dynasties, Linhai belongs to Oudi, and in Spring and Autumn it belongs to Yuedi. Chu in the Warring States Period; After Qin unified the six countries, it belonged to Minzhong County. In the second year of the Western Han Dynasty (85 BC), Huipu County was set up, which was ruled by Duwei in the east and belonged to Huiji County, and the county was ruled by Zhang 'an and belonged to Huiji County. In 222 AD, the northern part of Zhangan was located in Shiping County, and the western part and part of Yongning County were located in Linhai County. In 257 AD, Linhai County was located in the east of Huiji County, and the county was ruled in Zhang 'an. In 323 AD, Linhai County governed Zhang 'an; In 589 AD, Sui Kaihuang abandoned the county in the ninth year, and Zhang 'an, Shifeng, Ninghai and Le 'an were merged into Linhai County, which belonged to the prefecture. In the eleventh year (591), the county was moved to Dagushan. In 1227, Taizhou Road General Administration was established; In 1368, Taizhou Road was changed to Taizhou Prefecture, which belonged to Zhejiang Province. From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, Linhai was always ruled by the state, county, road and government of Taizhou. In May 1949, Linhai was liberated, and in October of the same year, Taizhou District was established, with its resident in Linhai. In 1994, Taizhou withdrew its land to set up a city, and Linhai has always been the resident of Taizhou regional administrative office. In March 1986, the State Council approved the withdrawal of counties from Linhai and the establishment of cities.

In the lower reaches of huangyan district, the eastern part belongs to the Wenhuang Plain, which is a land of plenty of fish and rice; The western part is hilly and mountainous, and the main mountain ranges are Kuocangshan branch and North Yandang residual vein, which extend from west to east and are rich in forest resources and mineral resources such as lead, zinc and granite. There are hundreds of streams in the territory, and the main stream of Yongning River, the largest Sichuan, is 77 kilometers long. Changtan Reservoir, a large-scale water conservancy project, has a designed total storage capacity of 691 million cubic meters, irrigating one million mu of farmland in five cities (districts) of Huangyan, Jiaojiang, Luqiao, Linhai and Wenling, and solving the domestic water consumption of more than three million people. Yongning River, Nanguan River, Xijiang River and Dongguan River in the urban area pass through the city, surrounded by Fangshan, Cuiping Mountain and Songyan Mountain. The western mountainous area is the back garden and ecological barrier of Taizhou city. Dasiji Forest Park has a total area of 24,1 mu, with a forest coverage rate of 97.3%. Changtan Reservoir has a total area of 42 square kilometers and a total storage capacity of 732 million cubic meters. Famous scenic spots include Huayan Mountain, Huangyan Waterfall Group, Fushan Rift Valley, Shibatan in East Zhejiang, Chuanshan Grand Canyon, Songyan Mountain, Huangyan Grottoes, Jiu Feng Park, Yongning Park, Yuanqiao Jianyang Lake National Wetland Park, etc. Among them, Jiufeng Mountain and Songyan Mountain are listed in the Dictionary of Scenic Spots in China, and Huayan Mountain is rated as a provincial scenic spot.

Huangyan's hometown is Dongou in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Kingdom of Dongou in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, Minzhong County in the Qin Dynasty, Huipu County, Zhang 'an County and Yongning County in the Han Dynasty, Linhai County in the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties. Yongning County was established in the second year of the Tang Dynasty (657), and it was renamed Huangyan County in the first year of the Tang Dynasty (69) because of Taoism in China. In 198, Haimen District, Haimen Town, Dachen Town and Dongshan Commune, which are mainly industrial towns in the east, were analyzed, and Haimen Special Zone was established (Jiaojiang City was established after two years of withdrawal from Haimen Special Zone). From 1982 to 1984, it was assigned to Jiaojiang City. In November 1989, Huangyan City (county-level city) was established with the approval of the State Council. In December, 1994, Taizhou was relocated to set up a city, and Huangyan was relocated to set up a district (county-level). The two towns and towns of Luqiao, Jinqing, Xinqiao, Hengjie, Pengjie, Xialiang, Fengjiang, Tongyu, Huanglang and Luoyang, which are economically developed in the eastern coastal areas under their jurisdiction, were zoned to set up luqiao district, which is also one of the main urban areas of Taizhou. Since then, the original Huangyan County has been divided into three parts (three areas: Huangyan, Jiaojiang and Luqiao) and has become the urban area of Taizhou. After the city is divided, Huangyan has a total population of 567,3 and an area of 988 square kilometers.

huangyan has a long history. Since ancient times, it has been known as "Little Zou Lu", with a history of "a family of eighteen scholars", which has produced a large number of outstanding men and women such as Du Fan, a poet Dai Fugu, and Tao Zongyi, a literary historian. In modern times, there have been many talented people, including Chen Fangyun, one of the founders of China Plant Physiology, Luo Zongluo and other eight academicians from Huangyan, and Chen Shuliang, a revolutionary and artist. There are many cultural relics and historical sites in China, including five provincial-level cultural protection units, including the site of Shabu Celadon Kiln in the Five Dynasties, Ruilong Induction Tower built in the Northern Song Dynasty, Ruiyan Pure Earth Temple Tower, Wudong Bridge and Confucius Temple, as well as the "Second Cave of Taoism" in Weiyushan, Ruiyan Temple in Zuting, Cao Dongzong, Japan, and the site of Zhuxi Lecture School in Cuiping Mountain. There are more than 8, pieces of cultural relics in the museum, including 85 pieces of national first-class cultural relics, which ranks in the forefront of counties and cities in the province. Five rare books of ancient books in the collection were selected into the first batch of national precious ancient books list, and Huangyan flip-spring bamboo carving was selected into the national intangible cultural heritage list. Known at home and abroad for its rich "Huangyan Tangerine" and "Dongkui Yangmei", citrus was planted as early as 17 years ago in the Three Kingdoms period. It is the ancestor of the world's wide-skinned citrus and Dongkui Yangmei, and has won the reputation of "Hometown of Tangerine in China" and "Hometown of Dongkui Yangmei in China". Known as "the hometown of water bamboo in China" and "the hometown of purple bamboo medicine in China".

within Jiaojiang district, the estuary is adjacent to the sea in the east, Huangyan in the west and the sea in the north. The sea area is 6 square kilometers, Jiaojiang water area is 16.89 square kilometers and inland water area is 59.24 square kilometers. Jiaojiang region belongs to the northern part of the largest Wenhuang Plain in eastern Zhejiang. The main landform type is coastal marine plain, accounting for 65% of the total land area. The rest are low hills, beaches and islands. It belongs to the mid-subtropical monsoon region, and the climate is regulated by marine water bodies, which is milder and wetter than inland areas at the same latitude. Four distinct seasons, abundant precipitation, abundant heat and the same season of rain and heat, fresh summer and hot summer, but no cold in winter. Jiaojiang divides its jurisdiction into Jiaobei water system and Jiaonan water system, with 82 main rivers with a total length of 359.24 kilometers. Except for Jiaojiang natural rivers, most of the plain rivers are artificially dug, showing a pattern of vertical and horizontal longitude and latitude, convenient irrigation, and a scene of a land of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River.

ancient people lived in Jiaojiang, and engaged in primitive fishing and hunting in the foothills. In the pre-Qin period, it was collectively called Yuedi, belonging to the county of central Fujian. In 85 BC, that is, in the second year of the Western Han Dynasty, Huipu County was established in Zhang 'an, and at the same time, it was administered by the Eastern Duwei. It belongs to Huiji County and is transferred to Yangzhou. The jurisdiction is roughly equivalent to Wenzhou, Taizhou and Chuzhou. During Jianwu (25~56) in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Huipu County was changed to Zhang 'an County. In the first year of Yangjia (132), the peasant uprising army successfully conquered Zhang 'an, and the court ordered the counties in southern Zhejiang to station troops for defense, which was the earliest record that there were local troops stationed in coastal areas in the history of China. As an important political, economic and cultural center along the southeast coast of Zhejiang, Zhang 'an has a prosperous port and a rich collection of people. Buddhist culture was introduced into China, and one of the founders of Tiantai Sect of Buddhism in China, Guanding Monk, was a monk who became a monk in Zhangan Wuwu Temple. Emperor Zhao Gou moved from Zhoushan to Zhang 'an and visited Fengshan Qingxiu Temple. In addition, Li Qingzhao, a famous poetess in Song Dynasty, and Wen Tianxiang, a national hero, all visited Jiaojiang. In the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1348), an uprising broke out in Fang Guozhen, Huangyan, and the rebels went in and out of Jiaojiang coastal area, taking the lead in raising the banner against the Yuan Dynasty in southeast China. During Jiajing (1522~1566) of Ming Dynasty, the Japanese invaders invaded for years, and Qi Jiguang led the Qigujun to rescue him several times and stationed in Haimen, finally wiping out the opera bandits. Qi Jiguang Temple, located at the west foot of Dongshan Mountain, is one of the famous ancient architectural remains of anti-Japanese war, and it is also the most historic and humanistic historic site in Jiaojiang River. Since the lifting of the maritime ban in the 22nd year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (1683), the coastal economy has recovered rapidly. At that time, we set up a customs agency in Jiazhi, and then moved to Haimen, which was called Taidaguan. And strengthen coastal defense construction, vigorously build water conservancy, build ponds for reclamation, and develop coastal beach resources. Since the mid-18th century, Jia-Zhi commercial port has gradually flourished, once forming the main distribution center of Fujian goods. At the same time, the Taizhou Islands have been further developed, and Dachen has become the most prosperous fishing market town in the coastal islands of eastern Zhejiang, with more than 1, residents at most. At the end of Qing Dynasty, haimen port was officially turned into a commercial port. In the 27th year of Guangxu (191), the earliest San An Chuan Wharf was established, and passenger and cargo routes from Jiaojiang to Shanghai, Ningbo and Wenzhou were opened, and various industries were established. After the completion of the cargo business, the market flourished and became the most prosperous port in Taizhou. To the Republic of China, hence the name of little shanghai.