Understanding of the Soviet Montage School?

1. Eisenstein (1898- 1948).

Four stages of the development of Eisenstein's theoretical system

(1). The "juggling montage" period (1920—— 1923): Eisenstein published it before taking part in film work.

The article "Variety Montage". The core idea put forward is juggling montage.

* The origin of Eisenstein's concept of "juggling montage";

1. Dialectics: Hegel's dialectics of syllogism. Two shots with different natures are equivalent to the topic and the antithesis. They are

There is a conflict between the two, and establishing a new concept is equivalent to the combination of problems.

2. Constructivism and futurism in the avant-garde art school: it requires breaking the linear drama mode and emphasizing diversified viewpoints.

Use the temporality of space to transform drama and cut off the continuity of drama time.

3. Japanese hieroglyphics.

Noun explanation: juggling montage

Eisenstein adopted the method of structural expression in the practice of drama and film creation in the early 1920s, and put forward this method in theory.

Law. That is to say, choose infectious means and combine them appropriately to influence the audience's mood and make them accept the work.

The author's ideological conclusion. "Juggling is every particularly wonderful moment in the play, that is, it can promote the audience enough in the play.

Those factors that affect their sensory or psychological feelings, that is, they can guarantee and accurately predict whether they are arranged in

The proper order of each factor in the whole will cause some kind of emotional shock, which can be used to make final thinking.

The only way to show the conclusion. "Juggling montage is not a static reflection of an event, not an activity.

This possibility is within the limits of the logical expression of this event, but it has jumped to a new stage: putting arbitrary

The selected independent vaudeville performance consists of free montage-it is synthetic from the perspective of thematic effect.

(2) The rational film period (1924—— 1929): The works filmed in this period include Strike and Battleship potemkin.

No. ","October "and" General Line ". The core point put forward is rational film.

Explanation of terms: rational film (intellectual montage)

This theory emphasizes that the audience can transform a certain visual image into a rational understanding through the internal modeling arrangement of the picture. should

According to the theory, the combination of two shots will produce a new concept, because the alignment of the two shots and their internal conflicts will occur.

An opportunity to evaluate what is depicted. This theory advocates lens montage to express some abstract concepts.

, rather than artistic image.

Application of Montage in Classical Paragraphs of Odessa Steps;

1. Highlight the theme of the film with the modeling factors of visual rhythm, create the artistic conception of the film, and form the impact of the visual sense of the film.

Strike force

2. Strengthen the visual image of the film in the form of montage visual structure and expand the spatial effect of the film.

3. Repeated and continuous shooting makes the time of the film abstract, which leads to the delay of the performance of the film.

(3) Montage typology establishment period-multi-voice montage system (1929- 1939): shooting in this period.

His works include Long Live Mexico, White Grassland and alexander nevsky. Put forward the rhythm one after another

Montage, polyphony montage, sound painting montage, montage inside the lens and other issues have been greatly revised and supplemented in theory.

The most famous representative of early montage thought is montage 1938. The theory of "emotional script" has been put into practice in his creation.

Open.

* Noun explanation: the theory of "emotional script"

Eisenstein's screenplay theory was put forward in 1930s and put into practice by some playwrights. According to this theory,

In order not to need drama conflict and drama structure, we only need to provide a series of stimuli to induce the director's emotions. Therefore, this kind of drama

Although Ben also has some simple plots, he usually describes some incoherent scenes in a grandiose way. generation

The author of Watch is Rajshevski of the Soviet Union. Representative works include Ordinary Events (directed by pudovkin) and White.

Quiet Grassland (directed by Eisenstein) and so on. Soviet critics think these films are all failures. It's an "emotional script"

As a tendency to explore new images and approach literature, it occupies a certain position in the history of film and drama development.

Settings.

Eisenstein's film sound aesthetics and its evolution.

1928, Eisenstein, pudovkin, and Aleksandrov jointly published "The Statement of Audio Movies" and put forward "Sound".

Take the idea of "painting counterpoint" as a universal principle, and deny the synchronization of sound and painting, so that the sound is still convinced.

The concept of montage from the picture and silent film period is only used in conjunction with montage. Establishing Montage Type in Eisenstein

Learning, that is, the period of multi-voice montage system, he also greatly revised and supplemented this idea and shifted his focus to the same body of sound and painting

The steps and sounds are out of sync, so I want to get together.

(4) Put forward the period of film structure holism and film creation methodology (1938- 19).

48): The works filmed in this issue include Ivan the Terrier (Episodes I, II and III).

* Eisenstein's four most important ideas in a complete montage system:

1. When two films of any type are put together, a new one will inevitably emerge from those two juxtaposed states.

The concept of, a new attribute.

2. Montage is the internal conflict of shots, and it is a concept produced by the conflict of two parallel shots, resulting in existence.

The thematic effect of the purpose.

3. Montage is not only a means to produce effect, but also a means to clear the mind first, that is, through a certain film language.

And its manifestations, and the means to clarify ideas.

4. Montage thinking is inseparable from the general ideological basis of holistic thinking.

2. Soviet Montage School.

(1) Soviet montage school

Noun explanation: Soviet montage school

In the 1920s, a group of people represented by Eisenstein, pudovkin, Wiltoff and Kuleshov.

Inspired by the reality of revolutionary struggle, they try their best to explore new means of film expression to show new revolutionary content, and they will conduct experiments.

The emphasis is on the use of montage. Kuleshov and Eisenstein emphasized that there would be opposition or collision between two different shots.

New quality and new ideological significance are their important contributions to montage theory; Their representative theoretical views.

Especially "Curry Schouw effect" and "juggling montage"; Others, such as pudovkin, developed narrative montage and dimension.

Ertoff founded the "Movie Eye School", which was the middle force of the Soviet avant-garde film aesthetic exploration in the 1920s.

, has made outstanding contributions to the creation and application of montage theory, so it is called the Soviet montage school, and their theoretical research

Research and shooting practice constitute the first stage of the Soviet film school. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, due to Eisenstein and others.

People's extreme montage exploration was criticized, and the Soviet montage school began to turn to socialist realism creation.

(2) other representatives of the Soviet montage school.

A. Kuleshov

Kuleshov started his film work before the October Revolution and established an "experimental studio". He is a constructivist.

Representative works include Mr. West's Adventures in Bolshevik Countries and Obeying the Law. Representative theory

There are "Curry Schouw Effect" and "Movie Mode".

Noun explanation: "Curry Schouw effect"

An experiment made by Soviet film director Lev Kulasov through lens editing was actually done by Pudov.

Specific operation of gold. In order to find out the juxtaposition of montage, Kuleshov filmed it for the famous Russian actor Mo Youxin.

A deadpan close-up, cut into three sections, connected with a bowl of soup, a child playing games and a toy.

In front of the scene is the body of an old woman. As a result, the audience seems to have discovered Mo Youxin's emotional changes during the movie-

-corresponding to hunger, joy and sadness respectively. Kuleshov thus saw the possibility, rationality and

Psychology, and founded the "film mode" theory. He concluded that the emotional reaction of this film was caused by

Not the content of a single shot, but the juxtaposition between several pictures; A single shot is just material, just a montage.

The creation of film art. He put forward a positive creative program: the structural basis of the film does not come from real materials.

, but from the spatial structure and montage.

B. Wiltoff (1896—— 1954)

Zga Wiltoff is a futurist musician. He founded the "Auditory Laboratory" on 19 16, and started on 19 18.

Turn to film creation. 1923, Wiltoff published the article "Movies with Eyes: A Revolution" and put forward "electricity".

Shadow eye "theory. Representative works include Man with Camera, Go Forward, Soviet Union and VI.

On one's land, there are three songs about Lenin and 24 issues of Film Pravda (Film Weekly).

Wiltoff was also the first person to use sound in the Soviet film industry. The "Truth Film" in the French New Wave Movement in the 1960s

Influenced by Wiltoff's "movie eye" theory.

Noun explanation: "movie eye"

This theory was put forward by Soviet documentary director Zga Wiltoff in the early 1920s and put into practice in his creation.

He compared the camera to the human eye, and advocated that filmmakers should take the camera to capture the unexpected encounter of life and shoot real scenes.

Even sneak shots and forced shooting are against the scene arrangement, against the script, against the actors and against the studio, that is, against the feature film. Although vail

Toff's "movie eye" theory emphasizes the impromptu observation of reality, but it is not a simple video recording of reality. He stressed that he would.

The material of watching movies is organized, thus guiding the audience to draw a clear ideological conclusion. His Understanding of "Movie Eye"

Interpretation means "explaining the visible world by recording". Wiltoff doesn't object to montage. He shoots his eyes.

"I see" is called montage, which thinks that the basic seven paragraphs of film organization are montages. He confirmed the role of montage.

The decision is as follows: choose the most important moment of film observation, and connect these observations according to the principle of association, with rhythm.

Organize the material to strengthen its emotional appeal, and explain the beat through the combination of lens pictures and subtitles (political slogans)

The political significance of events made into movies. Wiltoff United a group of documentary filmmakers, including

The so-called "Movie Eye School" has made some successful movies according to its own theory, such as Movie Pravda.

, "the man with the camera", and the dialogue? Kind? There is little resistance to love. I'm worried about beans? Tina. I want it back? BR & gt

C. pudovkin

Pudovkin's representative works of film theory include film directors and film materials, film scripts, on film writers,

Directors and actors; The director's film masterpieces include Mother, The End of St Petersburg and Genghis Khan's.

Descendants His later works include Ordinary Events, Abandoned Soldiers, Marshal suvorov and Navy.

Admiral Nakimov and others.

Pudovkin emphasized the importance of scripts and actors, and he also regarded montage as the basis of film art creation. He went from a man

Generally speaking, the definition of montage is: montage is to reveal the internal relations in real life, and it is a kind of

The process of dialectical thinking. It is one of the means to organize film action to express some kind of ideological intention. Montage luck

The use shows the director's ability to observe life, analyze observation results and think independently. Based on this idea,

Pudovkin founded "Associative Montage", which is full of poetic and lyrical factors. "Lenovo montage" is not available.

Videos with material connection but very close theme connection are juxtaposed. This technique can only be used in some parts of the film.

Use, but not use it to unify all the shots. Pudovkin's theory emphasizes the narrative of movies, that is, through the split mirror.

The first is to highlight the importance of details, reproduce the plots and events through the decomposition and combination of plots and events, and make montage become

The continuity of plot segments strengthens the narrative power of the film; These theories supported the 1930s and 1940s to some extent.

The melodrama model of the Soviet Union and the United States was regarded as Griffith's film narrative by avant-garde artists in the 1920s.

The continuation of the structure is even considered by Eisenstein to bring montage, a new film modeling method, into the traditional reproduction.

Aesthetic category is a retrogression on the road of modernist aesthetics.

* D. Grigori Mikhailovich Kozintsev, Trauberg and others' "foreign actor training center"

This is a school of pure formalism, highlighting a "single" film concept.

Noun explanation: montage theory

Mainly refers to the montage represented by Wertov, Kuleshov, Eisenstein, pudovkin and others in early movies.

Open. The general montage theory can't cover all the viewpoints about montage. Griffith and Chaplin are in the west

, Reina Claire, Ferini, Eynde Hamm, Mitri, etc. , Du Fu, Soviet PeopleSoft, Vasiliev Brother,

Grigori Mikhailovich Kozintsev, Jutkovics, Rome, gerasimov and so on. , all give their own explanations to the problem of montage.

However, the montage view of the Soviet school has certain inheritance, and even in the early stage, it has experienced a certain development process.

(The main viewpoints of Wiltoff, Kuleshov, Eisenstein and pudovkin are briefly introduced below. A little. )

The general view of the Soviet film theory circle is that montage is not just to connect the shot fragments to form a picture.

The means of expression by which people get a complete impression of the constantly developing sports is the hidden internal connection of various phenomena.

It is obvious and self-evident that it has become the most important artistic method.

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Respondent: gunoise-level 5