The birth of film and the specific process of its four transformations.

The Birth of Movies

As early as 1829, the famous Belgian physicist Joseph Prado discovered that when an object disappears in front of a person’s eyes, the image of the object will still appear in the person’s eyes. The discovery that the image stays on the retina for a period of time is called the "principle of persistence of vision." Prado invented the "trickster" in 1832 based on this principle. The "Trick Board" can make the pictures drawn on the zigzag cardboard plate come alive due to movement, and can also decompose the visually produced moving pictures into various different images. The emergence of "trickster" marks that the invention of film has entered the stage of scientific experiment. In 1834, the American Holner's "movable video disk" experiment was successful; in 1853, Austrian General von Uchatyos used a slide to show original cartoons based on the above invention. The improvement of photography technology is an important prerequisite for the birth of movies. It can also be considered that the development of photography technology provides the necessary conditions for the invention of movies. As early as 1826, France's W. Niepce successfully took the world's first photo "View from the Window" with an exposure time of 8 hours. After the emergence of the early daguerreotype, a photo was shortened to about 30 minutes. Due to the continuous updating and use of photosensitive materials, the photography time is also constantly shortened. In 1840, it only took 20 minutes to take a photo. In 1851, after the wet colloidal tincture plate was made, the photography speed was shortened to 1 second. By this time, the shooting of "sports photos" was already taking place in Claudette, Dubos, etc. Experimental shooting of people was successful. From 1872 to 1878, Edward Muebridge, a photographer in San Francisco, USA, used 24 cameras to take photos of decomposed actions of galloping horses. After more than six years of countless shooting experiments, he finally succeeded, and then he made a slide show Screening successful. That is, he saw the galloping horses on the screen. Inspired by this, in 1882, the French physiologist Marais improved the continuous photography method and successfully trial-produced a "photographic gun". On the basis of the "moving negative camera", he also created the "movable negative continuous camera". In September 1888, he dedicated the moving photos taken with floppy disk film to the French Academy of Sciences. During the period from 1888 to 1895, France, the United States, Britain, Germany, Belgium, Sweden and other countries all experimented with shooting and showing images. In 1888, Frenchman Renault trial-produced an "optical movie camera" and used it to shoot the world's first cartoon "A Cup of Delicious Beer." In 1889, the American inventor Edison invented the movie camera after five years of experiments. The film images he shot were shown in New York and caused a sensation in the United States. But his movie scope can only be viewed by one person at a time, and it can display dozens of feet of film at a time, and the content is horse racing, dance performances, etc. His movie scope uses the continuous rotation of film to create the illusion of movement. It can be said that the most original movie invention belongs to Edison. His movie diorama was called "diorama" after it was introduced to my country. In 1895, the French brothers Auguste Lumière and Louis Lumière successfully developed the "Movie Cinema" based on Edison's "Movie Mirror" and their own "continuous camera". . The "movable movie machine" has three main functions: photography, projection and printing. It shoots and displays movies at a speed of 16 frames per second, with clear and stable images. On March 22, 1895, they premiered the film "The Gates of the Lumiere Factory" at the French Science and Technology Conference in Paris and achieved success. On December 28 of the same year, they officially released a batch of documentary short films produced by themselves to the public at the Grand Cafe No. 14, rue Capucine in Paris, including "The Train Arrives", "Watering the Gardener", "Baby" "Lunch", "Factory Gate" and other 12 films. The Lumiere brothers were the first to project films onto screens. Historians believe that the filming and screening of the Lumière brothers has left the experimental stage. Therefore, they regard December 28, 1895, the first release date of world cinema, as the birth of the film. Naturally, the Lumière brothers He deserves to be called the "Father of Cinema".

The Development of Film

On December 28, 1895, film was born.

1896-1912, a period when film quickly became an art form from its infancy.

1913-1926 was the period when silent films reached maturity.

1927-1945, film art matured.

From 1946 to 1959, film art stood on all fours

From 1960 to the present, it has developed in various innovations.