What is the basic principle of perspective?

Perspective-look at the scenery through a transparent plane and study the meaning of their shapes from the surface. Perspective ―― A discipline that studies the principles and rules of how to project the images we see onto a plane.

The basic principle of perspective is "the near is big and the far is small". Objects near look big, and objects far away look small. When the object in sight is far away and almost disappears from sight, it becomes a point in the visual concept.

Element:

The transparent plane is parallel to the painter's face.

② The intersection of the connecting line between the painter's pupil and the object light and the transparent plane is assembled into a perspective view.

The formation and characteristics of the two visual angle systems;

First, the perspective of moving point: (camera) For example, fix the turning point of the camera and the long lens at one point, push the lens far or near, raise or lower it, or rotate the lens to knead multiple pictures together.

Features:

① Delicate brushwork depicts insect-decorated flower-and-bird paintings, and broad mind accommodates magnificent landscapes, creating a "thousand miles away".

② Using equivalent axonometric projection method to draw object images, so as to reduce the influence of perspective deformation.

③ Combine subjective phenomena with scientific phenomena to deal with the relationship between depth of field. (near big far small, near clear, far fuzzy)

④ Use clouds, trees, rivers, etc. As a connecting transition, and organize related but incoherent scenes in a painting.

Two fixed-point perspective: (camera) photo effect.

V P (vanishing point)-the point where the perspective line disappears.

G P (ground plane)-the horizontal plane on which the object is placed.

P P (plan)-a vertical plane perpendicular to the base plane.

E. P (eye point)-the position of the observer's eyes.

C P (center point)-the projection of the viewpoint on pp.

E. l (apparent horizon)-a horizontal line drawn across the center on the screen.

S P (standing point)-the position of the observation station.

G L (ground) the intersection of p p and g p.

F L (footstone)-the line between the object and SP.

Fa, FB, ... (foot point)-the intersection of SP and the straight line between the object and PP.

M (measuring point)-the intersection of an arc drawn with the vanishing point as the center and the distance from the viewpoint to the vanishing point as the radius.

A little perspective (indoor)

Definition: The picture is parallel to any two axes of the object.

Second, the painting method: fixed method:

① Draw the back wall (proportional to the actual size) for reference.

② Set El (high school point).

③ Set VP (midpoint to the left or right).

④ perspective line.

⑤ Fixed measuring point m (on El, the depth from VP+ is greater than 1/2 width, and it deviates from the direction on VP).

Pre-positioning method: ① Draw the front drywall (as large as possible) as the datum.

2 determine El.

③ set VP.

④ Draw perspective lines.

(5) fixed m point. (> 1/2 drawing width)

Angle perspective (indoor)

Painting: ① Draw a corner line (related to reality).

② Draw GL (a, b, actual).

③ Let El, M 1, M2 (A, B, indent a little).

④ set VP (> 2 times the distance from m to the corner line).

⑤ measurement.

Angle perspective (outdoor)

A, 45 Angle drawing:

① draw El.

② Determine VP 1 and VP2.

③ One quarter VP 1-VP2.

④ Obtain M 1, M2 and CP.

⑤ Corner line of external wall.

⑥ Measure and draw the (outer) upper end.

Second, 60 angle painting: similar to artificial 45.

three-point perspective

Painting: ① Set the E L (elevation).

② set VP 1, VP2, M 1, M2 and horizontal survey lines.

③ Determine VP3 (draw a vertical line near CP and write down a point at the lower end).

④ Fixed height survey line (parallel lines passing through the base point are LVP 1-VP3).

⑤ Set m3 (the horizontal line is on the upper side and exists in LVP 1-VP3).

Micro-angle perspective (outdoor)

Painting: ① Draw the main and auxiliary facades.

② Take 1/3 secondary surfaces respectively, and remove the main surface of110 ~1/5.

③ Set up v p 1 to complete the sub-surface and push M2 back.

④ Set it as the main surface (set M 1).

Micro-angle perspective (indoor)

Painting method: ① indoor Parallel perspective drawing (preset method).

② shorten the front wall by (110 ~1/5) b.

③ Accurate drawing of micro-angle perspective view of front wall.

Shadow perspective

Drawing: ① Take the direction V P' (the vanishing point of light) on E L.

② cross the v p' with a vertical line.

③ Take the light angle VP on the vertical line ".

Features: ① Shadow also conforms to perspective.

(2) The shadow will rise vertically when it meets obstacles such as walls.

Enlarge the viewing angle

Methods: Parallel magnification: (Angle perspective)

Key points:

① Parallel

② magnification (bounded by E L)

A vanishing point: (a little perspective)

Key points:

(1) Emit the viewing angle with v p.

② Take the magnification.

When the creator does any painting work, he must regard the picture as a space, and all the objects in the picture have volume.

If the creator draws a picture of a room, the viewer can feel that there is a space in this picture when he sees this plane picture. This is the application of perspective principle.