Rural Tourism and Rural Ecotourism Rural Ecotourism

Yes The so-called rural eco-tourism refers to rural tourism activities that take place in rural areas, supported by agricultural industry, attracted by rural environment and typical rural eco-tourism resources, and based on eco-tourism. Rural eco-tourism takes rural scenery, farming participation and folk experience as the main forms, and integrates sightseeing experience, cognition and tourism activities. Agricultural support, people-oriented, ecological protection, community participation, income feedback and ecological home construction are the main principles of rural tourism development.

2065 438+00-2065 438+02 Rural tourism market, relying on rich resources such as rural ecological environment, rural landscape, agricultural production facilities, farming folk culture and farmers' life, is a new industrial form that provides services such as sightseeing, leisure, vacation, experience, entertainment, fitness, education and exhibition for the society through scientific planning and rational development. From the perspective of market demand, leisure agriculture and rural tourism have broad prospects for development. Mainly as follows:

1. Strong consumer demand

There are huge consumers.

3 the consumption power is getting stronger and stronger.

4. Have enough time to spend.

5 has great development potential.

Therefore, the development of leisure agriculture and rural tourism is not only to meet the growing needs of urban and rural residents in China for a better life, but also an important part of implementing the rural revitalization strategy.

2. Rural tourism

Economic forest can develop eco-tourism. Eco-tourism is developing all over the country. Such as apple orchards, strawberry orchards and vineyards. Tourists pick their favorite fruits when they visit the garden. It can also increase the income of economic forests. Tourism is very popular in this city. In the joy of traveling, I gained benefits and saw the pastoral scenery.

3. Development of rural ecotourism

The impact of rural tourism on ecology is over-exploitation of villages and destruction of natural resources. At present, in some places, in order to engage in rural tourism, improve the popularity and quantity of tourism, excessive road construction, super-standard construction of resorts and homestays.

Natural mountains and rivers are all over-cut trees. In order to ensure that buses can build roads and broaden the original rural roads, once there is heavy precipitation on the ground, floods will occur, and the destruction of green mountains and green rivers should be stopped.

4. Eco-tourism develops rural tourism

Study on the Basic Theory of Rural Tourism

The study of rural tourism in China started late, mostly by studying the relevant theories of some related disciplines, such as sociology, economics, geography and so on. This is also the basis of this study.

1. Experience economy theory

AmericanPine and Galmore( 1998) put forward experience economy GT; In other words, in the era of experience economy, we should set the experience activities in a comfortable, good and favorable environment, and design activities with market differentiation and high cost performance. Simply put, in the modern competitive environment, it is not enough to provide good products or services. In addition to the quality and service of tourism shopping, tourists pay more and more attention to it.

2. On the prominence of tourist attractions.

In the development of rural tourism, we should attach importance to the development of key tourist attractions, highlight their characteristics and constantly cultivate and develop key tourist attractions. When developing rural tourist attractions, we should properly handle their layout, and take tourist areas with superior geographical location, outstanding tourism resources and high local economic development level as key tourist attractions for development. Focus on development, thus driving the development of other tourist destinations. If we don't adopt the way of growth and development, it will lead to the lack of development focus and slow development, and the overall development of rural tourism can't be realized.

3. The theory of villagers' participation

Local villagers in tourist attractions are an indispensable part of tourism development in this area. The participation of local villagers can achieve a win-win situation for all local participants. Its central idea is to develop the scenic spots as a whole, so that villagers can actively participate in and benefit from the development of local tourism and realize the dual development of local economy and environment.

4. Tourism destination life cycle theory.

Butler of Canada (1980) once said that the development of every tourist spot will go through a cycle of exploration, participation, development, consolidation, decline and recovery. The development of tourism has entered the stage of recession and recovery from the initial exploration stage, and the number of tourists has correspondingly increased from less to more, and then from more to less. When tourist attractions decline, if new distinctive tourist projects are added, it may attract tourists again, thus realizing the recovery of tourist attractions and starting a new cycle of six stages [29].

According to the above theory, a tourist spot is in different stages of development, and its development priorities and measures are also different. If Butler's tourism destination life cycle theory is applied to develop rural tourism destinations, then when a rural tourism destination is in the consolidation stage or the previous stage, its development focus should be local infrastructure construction, scenic spot development, advertising and so on; In the consolidation stage or later stage, the focus should be on developing new distinctive tourism projects, creating new products to attract tourists, and advertising these changes, so as to delay the decline or enter the recovery stage [12].

5. Theory of sustainable development of tourism.

The Agenda 2 1.0992 of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil clearly pointed out that the core of sustainable development is development, including economic development, social development and maintaining a good ecological environment. It is a state of harmonious development between man and nature. The sustainable development of tourism is based on the maintenance of environment and ecosystem, and the theory of sustainable development is applied to the development of tourism. Internally, the carrying capacity of the tourism system is greater than the ecological environment pressure and social pressure. Externally, it is the stability, growth continuity and competition fairness of the tourism system.

To sum up, the author believes that rural tourism is a commodity exchange and spiritual exchange activity between tourism operators (farmers) and tourists (tourists). By developing rural tourism, on the one hand, it can increase farmers' income, improve farmers' lives and experience the benefits brought by rural tourism; On the other hand, tourists get relaxation and pleasure from the countryside through consumption. With the development of rural tourism, the supply and demand sides have their own places, achieving a win-win situation for operators (farmers) and tourists (tourists).

5. Overview of rural ecotourism development

How to turn a hundred acres of farmland into a leisure farm?

What is the nature of farmland? Ordinary farmland or basic farmland, it goes without saying that we have no basic farmland.

For general cultivated land, facilities land and construction land should be approved first. If approved, it is a leisure farm, otherwise it can only be regarded as a small farm at most.

As for the above, let's re-plan the farm, including greening, landscape, fruit trees, catering, homestay and other facilities, and finally talent, management and operation!

I am a slow-living orchard, sharing the experience of cultivating characteristic fruit trees. If you like, you can pay attention to me and discuss fruit tree cultivation techniques together!

6. Present situation of rural ecotourism development

As a kind of capital, tourism ecological environment has a great influence on tourism economy. Starting with the factors that affect the tourism economy, this paper analyzes the relationship between environment and economy, environmental benefits and economic benefits, and makes a preliminary discussion on the costs and benefits in tourism development.

As a kind of capital, ecological environment has great influence on tourism economy. Starting from the factors affecting the tourism economy, this paper analyzes the relationship between environment and economy, and the environmental and economic benefits in tourism development, and probes into the costs and benefits in tourism development.

7. Ecological benefits of rural tourism

The projects suitable for rural village committees to start businesses and get rich include farmhouse music, rural aquaculture, rural preschool education, bee breeding, agricultural park development, rural labor market, agricultural stores, aquaculture and tourism development.

With the development of the times, it is much easier for rural village committees to start businesses than before. Rural entrepreneurship has become a popular way of life at this stage, and it has also become a way for many people.

3. Make accounting vouchers for accrual, amortization and carry-over at the end of the month, summarize all accounting vouchers, prepare a summary table of accounting vouchers, and register the general ledger according to the summary table of accounting vouchers.

4. Settlement and reconciliation. Make sure that the account card is consistent, the account is consistent, and the account is consistent.

5. Prepare accounting statements with accurate figures and complete contents, and analyze and explain them.

6. Bind accounting vouchers into volumes and keep them properly. By the end of the month, similar original vouchers can be collected to fill in accounting vouchers, or they can be filled in at any time. But don't reverse the time order. Make accounting entries according to the debit and credit bookkeeping rules.

Extended data

1. Characteristics and contents of business cost accounting for tourism service enterprises

1. Accounting characteristics

(1) Tourism service enterprises operate many projects, and the accounting contents and methods are different. These projects include travel agencies, guest rooms, car rental and other services, commodity distribution and catering production and services. For production and service business, cost accounting includes collection cost accounting, business cost accounting of commodity business projects, business expenses and management expenses accounting of travel agencies and room service.

(2) Compared with industrial enterprises, the main feature of tourism service enterprises is that the latter is the manufacturer of material products, and the main object of accounting is the manufacturing process, while the former is a tourism service enterprise, and the main object of accounting is commodity circulation and various service processes. Therefore, the business cost accounting of tourism service enterprises has its own characteristics.

(3) The cost items and expenses of tourism service enterprises are mainly divided into operating costs and operating expenses. Management expenses and financial expenses are accounted for separately as current expenses and directly deducted from operating income of each period.

2. The content of enterprise cost accounting. The cost items of tourism service enterprises are generally divided by cost elements, namely, business cost, business expenses, auxiliary business expenses, management expenses and financial expenses. Among them, auxiliary operating expenses are distributed at the end of the period and amortized into various operating expenses.

Therefore, operating costs and operating expenses are used to calculate the costs and expenses of various business departments of an enterprise. Management expenses are the expenses of the company, management organization and non-business. Financial expenses refer to interest expenses, exchange losses, procedures of financial institutions and other expenses. The detailed items of operating costs and operating expenses are as follows:

(1) Detailed items of operating costs:

Catering operating costs: including the actual costs of various food raw materials, beverages, seasonings, ingredients, etc. It is consumed by restaurants, bars, cafes and other departments in their operations.

Cost of goods sold: refers to the purchase price of goods sold.

Automobile operating cost: refer to the accounting system of transportation enterprises, that is, the actual cost incurred in taxi operation, including driver's salary, fuel cost, material cost, tire cost, depreciation cost, maintenance cost, road maintenance fee, amortization of low-value consumables, uniform cost and other direct costs.

The operating costs of travel agencies include various revenues and expenditures, such as room fees, meals, transportation fees, hospitality fees, luggage fees, ticketing fees, admission fees, professional activities fees, visa fees, escort fees, labor fees, publicity fees, insurance fees, airport fees, etc. The operating costs of service enterprises such as photography, dyeing and repair mainly refer to the cost of raw materials consumed.

(2) Detailed items of operating expenses

Reference source:

The construction of 20 10-20 15 in beautiful countryside is an important measure to promote the development of rural economic and social sciences, improve the quality of life of farmers, accelerate the process of urban-rural integration and build a happy Tai Po. It is also the main starting point for promoting the construction of new countryside and ecological civilization. According to the requirements of provincial and municipal documents, combined with the actual situation of our county, this implementation plan is formulated.

I. Guiding ideology

Guided by Scientific Outlook on Development, we will fully implement the construction of a happy village and beautiful countryside.

Through the construction of beautiful countryside, we will further explore the development idea of building a happy and harmonious Tai Po, speed up the construction of four major projects: ecological settlement, ecological environment, ecological economy and ecological culture, make every effort to build Hakka Shangri-La and build an international slow city, and do a good job in the construction of county-level demonstration villages such as Hounan Village, Houbei Village, Kuikeng Village in Juliu Town and Little Liu Cun in Hema Town, and make steady progress from point to point. By the end of 20 15, the construction of beautiful countryside in the county 100 administrative villages will be completed to promote the county to become a livable tourist destination and live and work in beautiful countryside.

1. The rural ecological economy has been accelerated. Agriculture and eco-tourism have developed rapidly, orchards have become parks, and exquisite and efficient agriculture has become more prominent.

2. The rural ecological environment has been continuously optimized. Rural garbage and sewage have been effectively treated, the village appearance and greening and beautification level have been continuously improved, every village has access to parks, and the living environment has been obviously optimized.

3. Rural living environment has been improved. With the concentration of rural population, children's schooling, medical and health care, traffic conditions and living environment have all been improved, farmers' income has increased and their living standards have been continuously improved.

4. Rural ecological culture is becoming increasingly prosperous. The ecological culture with rural characteristics has been effectively explored, protected and promoted, the concept of ecological civilization has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and a healthy and civilized lifestyle has taken shape.

Three. fundamental principle

1. Adhere to scientific planning. Adhere to planning first, adjust measures to local conditions, combine beautiful countryside construction planning with economic and social development planning, agricultural and tourism development planning, and industries with cultural characteristics, advance in an orderly manner, combine development with protection, and highlight sustainable development.

2. Adhere to the people-oriented principle. Always put farmers' interests first, mobilize the masses to participate extensively, integrate social forces, respect farmers' wishes, guide farmers to vigorously develop ecological economy, consciously protect the ecological environment, and accelerate the construction of ecological homes.

3. Adhere to protection. According to the actual situation of each village, highlight the key points, pay attention to excavating the ecological concepts with rich cultural connotations such as traditional farming and human settlements, and protect them in development and build them in protection. According to the characteristics of "one village, one scene, one industry and one village", beautiful countryside should be highlighted and rural tourism destinations should be built with high standards.

4. Adhere to ecological priority. Follow the law of natural development, effectively protect the rural ecological environment, display the ecological characteristics of rural agriculture, develop ecological agriculture around rural ecological economy, ecological life, ecological environment and ecological culture, and build Tai Po Park.

5. Adhere to the integration of strength. Beautiful countryside's construction is organically combined with happy rural projects, rural tourism development and farmers' transformation, and housing and ecological village construction. It is project-driven, resource integration and * * * promotion.

6. Adhere to the overall promotion. Careful analysis, combined with the characteristics of each village, each town pays special attention to the construction of more than two demonstration sites, reasonably determines the construction goals of each village, and implements them step by step to enhance the landscape from point to area.

Four. Construction content

(1) Project to promote ecological habitat. According to the scientific planning and layout, the first step is to transform the old village. Demolition of dangerous houses in the village, mobilization of the relocation of empty villages and scattered population, as far as possible to merge natural villages, centralized living, unified planning, building a new countryside with reasonable layout, supporting facilities, beautiful environment and good ecology. The second is to transform dilapidated houses. Combined with poverty alleviation work, strengthen the guidance of farmers' housing planning, improve farmers' housing standards, make it safe, practical and beautiful, promote the renovation of dilapidated houses in rural areas and the renovation of walls and facades, and improve visual effects. The third is the stage of forest transformation. According to the characteristics of each village, measures such as new planting, replanting and fencing are taken to optimize and beautify the forest landscape, especially the green landscape belt along the highway and along the river, so as to improve the ecological benefit and landscape effect. The green coverage rate of villagers in residential areas should reach more than 30%. The fourth is to transform facilities. Improve infrastructure such as roads, water supply, drainage, power supply, communications and networks. The water supply and drainage system in the village is perfect, the pipe network layout is reasonable, the drinking tap water meets the national drinking water hygiene standard, and the household rate reaches 100%. The installation rate of street lamps in main roads and public places is over 95%. As for the traffic trunk roads and main entrances and exits of villages and towns built in beautiful countryside, we should design and shape the overall style and characteristics that are bright, simple, natural and integrated with the surrounding environment, highlighting the Hakka style and regional characteristics.

(2) Projects to promote the ecological environment. In accordance with the requirements of clean and beautiful appearance of villages, focus on key points, link up into pieces, improve the mechanism, and earnestly do a good job in road improvement, water source improvement, toilet improvement, garbage disposal, sewage treatment, advertising cleaning and other remediation projects.

1. Rural domestic waste remediation. We will comprehensively promote household collection, rural collection and urban transportation, rationally set up garbage transfer stations and collection points, and ensure that households have garbage bins, natural villages have garbage collection pools, administrative villages are responsible for garbage collection, and towns have garbage landfills to ensure rural cleanliness and hygiene.

2. Rural domestic sewage treatment. Clean up rural open-pit cesspits, simple toilets and garbage houses, rectify and standardize domestic sewage discharge, fully implement harmless sanitary toilets, build at least one sanitary toilet in each village, vigorously promote the construction of rural household biogas, use biogas digesters, biological oxidation ponds and constructed wetlands to carry out rural sewage treatment, and improve the self-purification ability of water bodies.

3. Remediation of livestock and poultry pollution in rural areas. According to the characteristics of villages, the phenomenon of throwing dead livestock and poultry into streams and rivers in rural areas should be rationally planned and rectified, and the masses should be mobilized to bury them. Demolition of polluted pigsty and cowshed, separation of livestock and poultry farmers' residence from livestock and poultry breeding, separation of production area from living area, and comprehensive biogas project for livestock and poultry farms to realize harmless treatment of livestock and poultry manure.

4. Rectify advertisements and road signs. In accordance with the requirements of standardization, safety and beauty, clean up billboards and road signs in public view such as roads, rivers and villages. , resolutely remove billboards that hinder the landscape, without approval or incomplete procedures. Formulate advertising layout control planning, standardize all kinds of traffic warning signs, tourist signs, billboards, etc.

5. Remediation of illegal buildings. In accordance with the principle of who builds, who owns and who cleans up, we will resolutely dismantle illegal buildings and build indiscriminately, rectify and restore abandoned sites, build rural parks, and rectify the dislocation of rural power supply, network, television and telephone connection.

2. Develop rural eco-tourism. Make use of rural forest landscape, rural scenery, landscape resources and rural culture, develop rural leisure tourism with its own characteristics, and strive to realize characteristic towns and beautiful villages. Accelerate the formation of a rural leisure tourism development pattern with key scenic spots as the leader and backbone scenic spots as the support. Build a world tourism and leisure destination based on farmhouse leisure tourism. The old revolutionary base areas with a long history and famous historical and cultural towns and villages should develop red tourism and highlight the characteristics of patriotism education; In villages with unique natural ecological conditions and landscapes, it is necessary to enhance natural leisure characteristics, develop eco-tourism, and gradually guide traditional farming to develop into high value-added rural tourism such as agricultural sightseeing, farming experience, characteristic farms and farmhouses. According to the concept of Tai Po Grand Park, the existing orchards and tea gardens will be used to build characteristic ecological parks such as orchards and tea gardens, so as to build Hakka Shangri-La and build a slow city as an international tourist city.

3. Develop low-consumption and low-emission industries in rural areas. According to the planning requirements of ecological functional areas, strict industrial access threshold, strict protection of water source protection areas, Heyuan areas and reservoir areas. Promote ceramic enterprises to gather in county ceramic industrial parks, strictly implement pollutant discharge standards, and focus on pollution control. Promote technological innovation, promote projects and eliminate backward production capacity. In rural areas, we will implement green technologies such as recycling, reduction and reuse, adjust the rural industrial structure, and continuously enhance the rural economic strength.

(4) Promote eco-cultural projects. According to the physical and mental beauty of rural civilization, aiming at improving the quality of farmers' ecological civilization, we will form a new trend of rural ecological civilization, strengthen villagers' concept of sustainable development, and build a harmonious rural ecological culture system.

1. Cultivate characteristic cultural villages. Formulate protection plans and policies for rural characteristic cultural villages. On the basis of fully excavating and protecting historical and cultural relics such as ancient villages, ancient dwellings, ancient buildings, ancient and famous trees and folk culture, we will optimize and beautify the living environment of villages, and cultivate traditional villages with profound historical and cultural heritage into characteristic cultural villages that organically combine traditional civilization with modern civilization. In particular, it is necessary to tap the rich ecological ideas in traditional farming culture, landscape culture and human settlement culture, and build characteristic cultural villages into an important base for promoting rural ecological culture.

2. Carry out publicity and education. It is important to improve the quality of farmers' ecological civilization to carry out the activities of creating civilized villages. Make full use of various propaganda tools and forms, make use of all cultural positions, vigorously carry out various forms of propaganda on ecological civilization and reproductive culture knowledge, and form a new trend of rural ecological civilization.

3. Change your lifestyle. Combined with the evaluation of rural civilization, we will carry out mass activities to create ecological civilization, guide farmers to pursue scientific, healthy, civilized and low-carbon production, life and behavior, advocate ecological funeral culture, and take measures such as burying or covering the graves in the first mountain and village along the highway in situ to renovate and rebuild the natural ecological landscape around the highway and village.

4. Promote rural social harmony. We will fully implement the system of making village affairs public, actively implement the working mechanism with village party organizations as the core, democratic election legalization, democratic decision-making procedures, democratic management standardization and democratic supervision institutionalization, rationally adjust rural interests, guide farmers' reasonable demands in an orderly manner, effectively resolve rural contradictions and disputes, and maintain rural social harmony and stability.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) safeguard measures

1. Strengthen organizational leadership.

2. Implement work responsibilities. Towns (fields) and relevant units should earnestly follow the division of responsibilities for beautiful countryside's construction, take responsibility for each other, strengthen linkage, integrate projects, and work together to promote. According to the principle of who is in charge and who is responsible, formulate the implementation plan of beautiful countryside and carry out the construction work. The villagers' committee shall conscientiously implement the resolutions of the villagers' meeting and the villagers' representative meeting, and do a good job in the propaganda, organization, implementation and management of the construction of beautiful countryside.

3. Scientifically prepare the construction plan. To build beautiful countryside, we should listen to the opinions of the grassroots and farmers, improve the scientificity, democracy and feasibility of the planning, and scientifically formulate the planning of beautiful countryside in accordance with the requirements of the "Theory of Three Represents". Livable living, beautiful environment and supporting facilities, refine the ecological function orientation of production, living and service in the area, and define the time and requirements of various projects such as garbage, sewage, toilet improvement and greening.

4. Increase capital investment. According to the principle of concentrating financial resources to do great things, we should rationally use fiscal policies, mobilize the masses to participate, integrate social forces, increase investment, and especially mobilize social capital to provide financial guarantee for the construction of beautiful countryside.

5. Create a good atmosphere. Give full play to the role of mainstream media such as television, radio, newspapers and the Internet, carry out various and lively publicity and education activities, summarize and publicize advanced models, and form a good atmosphere in which the whole society cares, supports and supervises the construction of beautiful countryside. Through planning publicity, expert hearing, project construction, etc. Widely mobilize and guide industrial and commercial enterprises, private entrepreneurs, overseas Chinese and caring people to participate in supporting the construction of beautiful countryside.

6. Strengthen the construction of rural grassroots organizations. According to the living conditions of rural population, taking rural communities as nodes, the members and rights of rural collective economic organizations remain unchanged, and the principle of localized management of community residents, this paper explores a new model for establishing central village organizations. We will carry out in-depth activities of striving for excellence, select the best and strengthen village committees, and constantly optimize the structure of village cadres, so as to provide organizational guarantee for the construction of beautiful countryside.

7. Assessment, rewards and punishments. Starting from 20 13, the county will conduct performance appraisal on the establishment of beautiful countryside demonstration village every year, and the assessment methods will be formulated separately. For township-level demonstration villages that meet the assessment standards, each village will be rewarded with xx million yuan, and informed criticism will be given to demonstration villages and demonstration counties that fail to meet the assessment standards.