Briefly describe the development history of civil aviation law.

Hello! The so-called general aviation refers to the use of civil aircraft to engage in civil aviation activities other than public air transport, including industrial, agricultural, forestry, fishery and construction operations, as well as medical and health care, emergency rescue and disaster relief, meteorological observation, marine monitoring, scientific experiments, education and training, culture and sports, etc. (figure 1).

The Development Course of General Aviation in China

The history of general aviation in China can be traced back to 19 12. Feng Ru, an aviation pioneer, flew a homemade plane in Tang Yan.

It is less than ten years since the Wright brothers of the United States first completed the world's heavier-than-air aircraft power flight in February 1903 17, which indicates that China's general aviation industry started earlier and the prelude to the development of aviation industry has been opened.

On June 2nd, 193 1, Lufthansa Smit M 18-D, which was rented by Zhejiang Water Resources Bureau, carried out aerial photography in the 36-kilometer reach of puyang river, a tributary of Qiantang River. This was the first general aviation commercial activity in Chinese mainland, marking the new stage of general aviation in China.

After the founding of New China, China's general aviation industry has developed rapidly.

On May 22nd, 195 1, in response to Guangzhou * * *, guangzhou civil aviation Bureau dispatched a C-46 plane to carry out 4 1 flight over Guangzhou for two consecutive days, which opened a new chapter in the history of general aviation development in Chinese mainland.

1952, the mainland established the first general aviation team, the aviation agriculture and forestry team of the Civil Aviation Bureau of the Central Military Commission, with 10 agile Airo -45 aircraft and more than 60 employees. In that year, the total flight volume was 959 hours, and there were about 40 airports or landing points dedicated to general aviation production and operation.

Since then, the 14 Flying Team has been established all over the country, focusing on agriculture and forestry. Later, the general aviation company was established to serve industry, agriculture and offshore oil, and the scale of the mainland general aviation industry has gradually grown.

Development Status of General Aviation in China

China's general aviation industry has shown a good development trend in terms of work completion, operational capacity and market development;

1) General aviation production and operation: As of 2007, the annual flight hours of general aviation in China reached 109570 hours, with the average annual growth rate exceeding11.7% since 1996;

2) General aviation operation capability:

Fleet size: By 2007, China's general aviation aircraft reached 8 13 (including teaching and training, airport calibration aircraft and helicopters), a record high.

Pilot resources: By the end of 2006, there were *** 1603 1 person in the civil aviation industry, including 690 1 person with airline transportation license, 7,757/person with commercial license and 1373 person with private license.

Number of airports: By the end of 2005, there were 68 general aviation airports and 329 temporary airports (landing points) in China.

3) General aviation activities: By the end of 2006, there were 69 enterprises engaged in general aviation activities in China, in addition, 30 general aviation enterprises were approved to be established.

There are 12 registered non-operating general aviation activities, including 2 natural persons and nearly 8,000 employees in the whole industry.

4) Classification of general aviation business items: According to the Regulations on the Administration of General Aviation Business License (OrderNo. 176 of the Civil Aviation Administration of China), the general aviation business items in China are classified as follows:

Specific projects are divided into A-class onshore oil service, offshore oil service, helicopter off-board load flight, artificial precipitation enhancement, medical rescue, aerial exploration, aerial tour, official flight, private or commercial flight driver's license training, helicopter pilot operation, aircraft escrow, leasing flight, general aviation charter B aerial photography, aerial advertising, marine monitoring, fishing flight, meteorological detection, scientific experiment, urban fire protection, aerial inspection of C-class aircraft seeding and so on.

5) Development of general aviation market

With the sustained and rapid development of China's economy, the general aviation market has also developed rapidly.

According to statistics, in recent ten years, the scale of China's general aviation market has expanded by nearly 1 times, reaching 1 .70 billion yuan in 2006 (table1).

At the same time, the market structure of general aviation is also changing: the share of traditional general aviation business projects (aerial photography, aerial prospecting, artificial precipitation enhancement, aviation forest protection, locust control by aircraft, agriculture and forestry flight, etc.). ) is gradually decreasing, from more than 75% before 1996 to less than 40%; However, the market demand of emerging operation projects (oil service, official flight, medical rescue, training flight, etc.). ) has increased year by year, and by 2006, the market share has risen to more than 60%.

Table1:General Aviation Market in 2006

Project Name Classification User Unit Supply and Demand Mode Market Size Sources of funds: aerial photography, aviation exploration industry, aviation continental basic geographic information, land and resources information department bidding about 250 million yuan, financial investment in petroleum service industry, aviation continental and foreign oil companies bidding about 8 1 10,000 yuan, power service market payment, operation industry aviation continental power company bidding about 70 million yuan, and market payment of aviation forest protection, agriculture and forestry, aviation forestry, forest protection and fire prevention about 80 million yuan. The departments in charge of artificial precipitation enhancement, agriculture, forestry, aviation meteorology, etc. signed a contract of about 280 million yuan for aircraft seeding, agriculture and forestry aviation signed a contract of about 60 million yuan for aircraft locust control, and agriculture and forestry aviation signed a contract. 300 million yuan of financial investment in agriculture, forestry and aviation farmers signed about 40 million yuan of market payment for official flights, leased flights, medical aid, air tours, general aviation operations, and specific customers signed about1.1000 million yuan of market payment for flight driver's license training, and about 60 million yuan of market payment for specific customers of general aviation operations.

6) General aviation laws and regulations system:

In recent years, based on the Civil Aviation Law, China has promulgated a series of laws and regulations on general aviation market access and operation standards, and initially established a relatively complete general aviation legal system (Figure 3).

7) Current situation of general aviation industry management organization

At present, the management system of the civil aviation industry consists of two levels: the General Administration of Civil Aviation, the Regional Administration of Civil Aviation and three levels: the General Administration of Civil Aviation, the Regional Administration of Civil Aviation and the Civil Aviation Safety Supervision and Management Office (Figure 4).

Among them, the Civil Aviation Safety Supervision and Management Office is the agency of the Regional Civil Aviation Administration.

Regional civil aviation administrations include seven regional civil aviation administrations in North China, Northeast China, Northwest China, East China, Central South China, Southwest China and Xinjiang.

There are 33 aviation safety supervision and management offices.

8) The gap with developed countries

Although China's general aviation industry has made great progress through long-term development, compared with developed countries in the world, especially the United States, the gap between China's general aviation is still obvious (Table 2, Table 3 and Table 5).

Table 2: Comparison between China's general aviation and developed countries.

China, USA, Canada, Australia and Brazil have an area of 960963 1007085 1 population (100 million)132.990.3268+0.89 GNP (10 billion USD). 2600132001300 7801kloc-0/00 GDP growth rate 10.7%2.9%2.8%4.6%3.7% The number of navigable aircraft is 7072240003/kloc. The annual flight hours of 38+00 navigable aircraft are 919012700000045000016950001500000. The ratio of transport aircraft to navigable aircraft is1:0.67/kloc-0.

Table 3: Comparison of General Aviation between China and America

The total flight hours of China and the United States are about 260,000 hours (including operation 1 1.4 and military training in military academies 14.6) and 27.705 million hours respectively, and the accumulated flight hours account for 80% of the total flight hours of civil aircraft.

Private flights account for 33%, training flights account for 15.6%, and official flights account for 1 1.2%.

Operating subject

There are 74 enterprises engaged in general aviation business activities, 4 registered non-operating general aviation activities/kloc-0, and 2 natural persons.

65,438+5,000 companies have their own general aviation aircraft for business aviation, about 25,000 general aviation aircraft are piloted by individuals for commercial flights, and about 65,438+0,000 aircraft are used for private use.

pilot

There are 2237 general aviation pilots with commercial pilot licenses and 1409 with private pilot licenses.

There are nearly 700,000 pilots, including about 597,000 general aviation pilots. The man-machine fleet is 80 1 (677 aircraft and 24 helicopters1) and 222,000 (including aircraft182,000 and helicopters 9 159). There are 30 general aviation airports and temporary landing sites.

After decades of development, China's general aviation industry presents a good development trend: the scale of the industry continues to expand, the market system continues to improve, and the management institutions are becoming more and more mature.

And in the foreseeable future, with the continuous economic development, China's demand for general aviation will also increase day by day, and this growth trend will continue.

But on the whole, there is still a big gap between China's general aviation development level and the advanced countries in the world. Only by constantly improving its own strength, making overall plans and making coordinated development, and vigorously developing the general aviation industry through a series of policies and measures, can it meet the growing market demand and become a world-renowned aviation power at an early date.