Experience of literary appreciation [two papers]

# Experience # Introduction Literature appreciation is to obtain aesthetic pleasure and spiritual satisfaction through the interpretation of language symbols of works, which is divided into three stages: perception, appreciation and comprehension, with differences and consistency, certainty and uncertainty. The following are two literary appreciation articles brought by the author for your evaluation.

Tisch

Literature should foresee the future and run forward with the most beautiful and inspiring achievements, as if protecting life and moving forward. Since primary school, I have been particularly fond of literature, especially Chinese. I like the author telling the details of life in beautiful words.

In my opinion, both poetry and novels have their own charms. China literature and foreign literature are both cognitions of the world, which are worth appreciating and understanding. Because of the existence of literature, we can better understand history, nature and the world. It is almost natural to choose the course of literary appreciation, but of course my choice has not disappointed me. What benefited me a lot from this course was poetry appreciation.

Confucius said, "Why don't you learn poetry? Poetry can be aroused, observed, grouped and resented. Your father is a thing, and your father is a distant thing; Learn more about the names of birds, animals and plants. Why don't students study poetry? Learning "poetry" can stimulate ambition, observe everything in the world, make people understand the necessity of gregarious, and make people know how to satirize superiors. Near can be used to serve parents, far can serve the monarch; You can also learn more about the names of birds, animals and plants. The appreciation and evaluation of poetry must understand the most basic common sense of poetry, such as ancient poems, metrical poems, free poems, prose poems and folk songs. Then understand the content, grasp the theme, feel the image of poetry, and understand what the poet wants to imply or inspire. When appreciating, we should follow the poet's thinking, appreciate his artistic conception and feelings, and use writing techniques such as metaphor, personification, exaggeration, symbol, imagination and association to taste the language, allusions and exquisite phonology of poetry. " Three years and two sentences, one song and two tears "is the explanation, which shows that the tempering of words is very important."

Poetry can be roughly divided into five categories: lyrical description of scenery, lyrical expression of things and aspirations, emotional feelings about things, frontier battles and nostalgia for history. To appreciate a poem, we must first distinguish the categories, so as to grasp the picture and atmosphere, appreciate its artistic conception and understand the poet's feelings in the context. Secondly, the skills of chewing words and refining the meaning of words are related to the theme of the whole article. Meaningful words can better show the vivid and concise language characteristics of poetry, so as to distinguish metaphor, vividness, personification, exaggeration, duality, parallelism, foil and repetition.

First, write scenery and express feelings. As we all know, the natural scenery will inevitably bring an emotional color through the poet's pen.

There are many ways to write a scene. In short, we should pay attention to the author's observation and description of the scenery, understand and explain the skills of describing the scenery, the combination of static and dynamic, the contrast between light and shade, and the traditional contrast technique and the depth of emotional sustenance. Good at understanding the poet's careful observation and description. For example, in Liu Yong's Lin Yuling,

"Since ancient times, sentimental separation, but also in the cold autumn festival. Who knows where I am when I am awake tonight? Yang Liuan Xiaofeng has a broken moon. "

Writing in a virtual scene, it is easy to touch the image of parting, creating a lonely and desolate realm of cherishing people, with a little intimacy, full of feelings and blending scenes. It can be said that every word is full of feelings. Then, in connection with the author's situation or the historical background of the events written, what the author wants to express is not moaning, not thinking out of thin air, but feeling.

Second, chanting things and expressing aspirations. You must write out the characteristics of the shape and color of what you recite, and pursue accurate and realistic description. A wonderful object-chanting poem can remind us of photographers, and the pen tip is the lens, which can penetrate into the soul of the object and show the charm and character of things. Things, everything in nature, should be described in detail at the same time, and the music is extremely beautiful, pinning their feelings. For example, "the bridge outside the post is broken and lonely." Twilight arrival, plum blossom is helpless, exhausted, and has to withstand the wind and rain. Plum blossoms don't want to compete for blooming, and the envy and rejection of flowers don't care. Scattered into mud, ground into dust, only fragrance remains. "Lu You's poems are full of homesickness and beautiful messages. It is a metaphor to use environment, time and natural phenomena to set off inner loneliness, and things are intertwined with people. " Jealousy ",Mei's character is not possessed by ordinary flowers and trees, but can be distinguished from others with deep intentions. It shows the author's character of never interacting with people who compete for favor, invite favor and flatter, and his arrogance, such as plum spirit, is not afraid of slander. Plum blossom naturally became the embodiment of his noble character.

Third, emotional things. The feeling of something often comes from my mouth, and occasionally I feel it. To appreciate this kind of works, we should first carefully understand the reasons that cause the poet's feelings, and the combination of "narration" and "lyricism" should be close, natural and intimate. Secondly, in the product, the poet's "homesickness" is deeply touching, whether it's worrying about the country and the people, homesickness and making friends, or parting ..... we should understand it carefully. For example, Chen Liang's tune "Water Tune" sent a special envoy to Luzhong, "I haven't seen the south for a long time, and what I said is the northern sky", pointing to the reason. "The capital of Yao, the land of Shun and the seal of Yu are deserved in China, and there is a semi-shameful minister." The words are impassioned, undisguised, unadorned and full of passion. "Wan Li foul smell so much, the eternal spirit in, mighty when let go? Why Hu Yun asked, Heri learned from it. " It feels bold and unrestrained, vigorous and powerful, full of righteousness and inspiring. From the expectation of friends, we can see the author's national pride, firm belief in resisting gold and bright future. The whole word "Shi" and "Huai" are closely combined, with ups and downs, theory into words, echo from beginning to end, vivid and touching, and artistic characteristics are natural without affectation.

Fourth, the frontier battle. Frontier poems are a kind of works that can best reflect the rise and fall of national luck. Therefore, when appreciating them, it is necessary to understand the content of the works and the thoughts and feelings cast by the author, and to understand the author's era.

From many angles, we can grasp the characteristics of the times and the theme of patriotism, so as to feel the squeal and melancholy, tragic and sad feelings expressed while patriotic enthusiasm. This kind of poetry has a broad realm and deep hidden worries, such as Xin Qiji's "Breaking the Array, Giving Zhuang Language to Chen Tongfu" and "Looking at the sword with a drunken eye, dreaming back to the corner." This is a sentence written by Xin Qiji to patriot Chen Liang. The whole word is written about military life, frontier fortress, military capacity, ambition and grief under the pressure of the ruling group. "

"Looking at the sword" gives people a heroic and aggressive feeling. "Holding the lamp" points out the time to serve the country and the open-minded boxing. When I woke up at dawn, the majestic bugle of the military camp added to the scene of the frontier fortress. The style and artistic expression of Xin Ci are closely related to his life experience and political experience.

The sonorous and tragic tone is the outstanding feature of various contradictions in the ideological content of this kind of poetry (generous obedience and long-term homesickness, patriotic feelings and hard life, hatred of generals and dedication).

Fifth, reminisce about the past and recite history. Recalling the past and reciting epic poems are dazzling waves in poetry. Speaking of nostalgic poems, first of all, we will think of a long history and the brilliant achievements left by countless predecessors on this historical stage. Take historical stories and deeds of the ancients as the theme, "recalling the past, remembering heroic deeds" or twisting historical facts and reality together, recalling the past, thinking about the present, satirizing the present through the past, and expressing deeply. For example, Su Shi's "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia" "One river does not return, and the waves wash away the romantic people through the ages." Start with a grand pen and take the lead. History is like waves washing the beach. How can those predecessors who used to be all-powerful not be admired? How many lessons have you left us?

Do not teach people to sigh! "Looking back at Gong Jin, Xiao Qiao was married at the beginning, handsome and heroic." Taking Zhou Yu as the representative figure, the author recalls the past and compares with himself, causing a fierce and generous expression. Carefully analyze the body odor and understand its basic style and artistic skills. The style is short and powerful, and the charm is deep and long. This is really a vivid pen.

Poetry writing begins with meaning and ends with language. Specifically, on the key point of appreciating poetry, the precision of words can make the whole article colorful, difficult to shape and unattainable, and can create a colorful artistic conception. Wang Guowei once said in "Words on Earth": The realm of words is the highest. If you have a realm, you will be unique and have your own famous sentences. Ci in the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty is unique here. Writing a poem is like making the finishing point. If a poem has no eyes, its beauty will disappear, and if a dragon has no eyes, its spirit will be lost. The finishing touch is to be loud, and it will be loud with the truth. These words help us to write poems and fill in lyrics, and also help us to appreciate poetry deeply and accurately, and learn to understand its rich and colorful poetic content and artistic style.

I like poetry, not that I don't like other literary works, but my personal preferences are different. However, it is undeniable that China is a country of poetry, with a long history of poetry and many famous artists.

Famous works are vast. Classical poetry is a wonderful flower in China's literary and artistic palace. It is not only the model and essence of China's language, but also contains the spirit and character of the Chinese nation.

extreme

Literary appreciation is a spiritual activity for readers to enjoy aesthetics. It is a creative perception, imagination, experience, understanding and evaluation of literary works by readers in order to meet their own aesthetic needs. Literary appreciation is the individual's reading, feeling, understanding and imagination of specific literary works.

Literary appreciation activities are composed of the reading relationship between the object of appreciation-literary works and the subject of appreciation-readers. The object of literary appreciation is the text form created by writers. It entered its own life history as soon as it was born. Since a literary work is alive and open to readers, its historicity depends on readers' reading comprehension and emotional response.

In a sense, the process of literature appreciation is a process of empathy. Empathy in appreciation activities includes two aspects: on the one hand, the subject of appreciation-readers bring their emotions, memories, wills and thoughts into the reading process and project them on the characters, events, mountains and rivers and scenery in the works. "Mountain climbing is full of feelings, and watching the sea is full of meaning." For example, "Where the petals have fallen like tears, the lonely bird has mourned" (Du Fu's "Spring Hope"), the flowers also shed tears, and the birds were surprised by the country's ruin; "Affectionate but always heartless, but I think I can't laugh before I die. Candle has a heart to say goodbye and cries for others until dawn (Du Mu's Farewell). Candle also understands the departure of the world and shed tears of sympathy. " "Birds fly high, and lonely clouds go alone. Seeing each other tirelessly, I only respect Tingshan. " (Li Bai's Sitting Alone in Jingting Mountain), the mountain is alive, concentric with people, leisurely, elegant and chic, and the poet looks at the mountain and is not tired at all. Because "we always look at the events that happen outside us according to the analogy of the events that happen to us and our personal experience", when we pour our personal feelings, efforts and will into the works we read, we are replacing our emotions and "pouring" our lives in. On the other hand, the object of our appreciation, literary works, is not the thing itself, but only the language symbols that mark things. We only observe the image of literary works through the typical images displayed by language symbols. Only by combining the above two aspects can literary appreciation be completed. At this time, the subject of appreciation gains the aesthetic feeling, and the work becomes the aesthetic object. Because "aesthetics is not an appreciation of an object, but an appreciation of a self."

According to the interpretation of Yuefu Ancient Poems, Boya learned the piano after three years, but he could not achieve emotional concentration and spiritual appeal when playing again. Cheng Lian said to Boya, "My piano skills are still not impressive. My teacher is in Donghai. He can teach you empathy. " . So Boya followed the teacher to Penglai Mountain with food and bags. The teacher said, "I'm going to meet my arrival!" " "So I rowed away and didn't look back for ten days. Boya waited in expectation, lonely and sad, and looked around, but she didn't see the teacher. She only heard "the sea is bubbling, the mountains are dark, and birds are singing", and suddenly she had an epiphany and sighed. It turned out that the teacher wanted to express my feelings with the birds singing in nature. "Although this story is not entirely about the feelings of literary works, it tells us a truth: only the feelings you feel can inspire and mobilize sincere feelings, and you can understand the feelings in the works more deeply.

Literary appreciation activities can be divided into several stages, such as feeling, experience and imagination. Feeling refers to the feeling and perceptual effect in literary appreciation activities, and it is the psychological activity for readers to grasp the language of literary texts as artistic symbols. The writer's creation is to melt the artistic image expressing his thoughts and feelings into language symbols to materialize and produce texts. Readers appreciate literature and art by reducing language symbols to artistic images and reflecting them in their own minds. For example, Cao Xueqin wrote in the section about Xiangling's study of poetry in the forty-eighth chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions that Xiangling began to learn poetry, but she didn't understand it, and later she learned more and more. She believes that "the benefits of poetry are unspeakable, but it is realistic to want to go." It seems unreasonable, but it is also reasonable to want to go. "Taking the song" Fortress "as an example, she said," The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen. "How straight do you want to smoke? The sun is born round: the word "straight" seems unreasonable, and the word "round" seems too vulgar. When I closed the book and remembered, I seemed to have seen this scene. What Xiangling realized was the uniqueness of the aesthetic feeling of poetry.

In literary appreciation activities, experience is a personal experience from external form to internal form-grasping and understanding the meaning of a work to "test it with body and mind". Marx pointed out in 1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts that the characteristics of human activities are free and conscious life activities, and through this free life activity, people make all objective reality become the reality of human essential strength. "Only when the object is said to be the object of human beings or become the object of human beings, can people not lose themselves in the object", and talents "affirm themselves in the object world not only through thinking, but also with all their feelings." The overall feeling here is that when people appreciate literary works, they devote themselves wholeheartedly to them and experience their lives from the object world. For example, in the 23rd chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions, "The punch line of The West Chamber is the same as the joke, and the peony pavilion is full of colorful songs" wrote:

Just as I was about to go back to my room, I just walked to the corner of Lixiangyuan. I only heard the melodious flute and the melodious song in the wall. Daiyu knew that twelve girls were practicing opera. Although I didn't pay attention, I dyed a few words and heard them clearly. I said, "There are flowers everywhere. Like this, all the wells have been broken ... Daiyu was very emotional, so she stopped to listen carefully and sang:" What a beautiful day, whose family enjoys it ... "After listening to these two words. After thinking about it, I regret that I shouldn't dream and delayed listening to music. When I listened again, I just sang: "Just for you, as beautiful as flowers and as beautiful as jade, like water passing by ... Daiyu was very uncomfortable after listening to these two words. After listening to this sentence: "You feel sorry for yourself in a secluded room ...", you are more and more infatuated, and you can't stand it, so you squat on a rock and chew the taste of the eight characters. Suddenly, I remembered the poem of the ancients the day before yesterday, which said, "When water flows, flowers are merciless.": In the second word, there is a sentence, "The flowing water goes in spring, which is heaven and earth"; Also, just now, there was a sentence in The West Chamber, "There are thousands of kinds of worries; They all remembered at the moment and got together. When I read carefully, I feel my heart is hurting and my eyes are crying. This is because Du Liniang's bitterness and sadness of "loving but not loving" aroused the same bitterness and sadness in Daiyu's heart. This common emotional experience led to Lin Daiyu's unforgettable emotional experience when listening to The Peony Pavilion, which reached a strong resonance of empathy and thus got into trouble. Through this vivid description, we can see that Lin Daiyu's appreciation of the Chinese music of Peony Pavilion includes the repetition and gradual deepening of her personal experience.

The experience in literary appreciation is mainly manifested in two aspects: one is the experience of the fate, thoughts and feelings of the characters in the works; The second is the writer's experience of thoughts and feelings. Why did Lin Daiyu in A Dream of Red Mansions feel "heartbroken" and burst into tears when she heard The Peony Pavilion? It is because Daiyu lived a depressed life since she was a child, and her feelings and spirit were greatly suppressed. She is sensitive, considerate and full of feelings, and naturally she will feel more misfortune and sadness than ordinary women. The thoughts and feelings expressed in The Peony Pavilion touched Lin Daiyu's heartstrings, and flooded into my mind together with the images in The West Chamber, the Spring Festival Evening of Cuitu in Tang Dynasty and the waves of Li Yu in Southern Tang Dynasty. After "careful consideration", I felt pain in my five senses, mixed feelings and tears in my eyes. Mr. Liang Qichao pointed out in "On the Relationship between Novels and Group Governance": "Anyone who reads novels must consciously be in the book and be the master of his book." "My husband turned his body into a book, but when he read this book, the body was no longer mine. He had completely entered this world and entered another world." "If the owner of the book is Washington, the reader will be transformed into Washington; If Napoleon is the master, the reader will be transformed into Napoleon; If Sakyamuni and Confucius are masters, readers will be transformed into Sakyamuni and Confucius. " Readers incarnate in the book precisely because they have concentrated on the emotional fate of the characters in the book and achieved a true portrayal of the aesthetic realm of selflessness.

In the process of literature appreciation, not only should we have rich feelings and experiences, but also rich imagination is essential. Imagination can not only be read and appreciated according to the language symbols given in the text, but also create a new image by transforming the memory representation in the mind, thus recreating the deeper meaning created by the writer. Italian aesthetician Miyotori pointed out: "Most people imagine that inanimate things are alive. ..... A lover's imagination is often full of images, which are all caused by the object he loves in his heart. For example, his fanatical enthusiasm reminded him that the tenderness of the people he loved was a great and rare happiness, so that he really and naturally thought of all other things, including flowers and plants, which also longed for that happiness. " We read "I have been there, Liu Yiyi" (The Book of Songs, Xiaoya Cai Wei); "People don't know where to go, but peach blossoms still smile at the spring breeze" (Cui Hu's "Chengtou is Nancun"); "I see how charming Castle Peak is, and I expect Castle Peak to look at me like this" (Xin Qiji's He Xinlang); "Out of the mud but not stained, clear but not demon" (Zhou Dunyi's Love Lotus); "Beautiful nature, how wonderful! How brilliant the sun is, vilen smiles! " (Goethe's Song of May) Although they are only a combination of words and symbols, they can naturally arouse natural images such as willows, peach blossoms, beauties, green hills, lotus flowers and Yuan Ye in our minds, and arouse feelings such as parting, parting, purity, communication and appreciation.