Everything about ancient times

Hair accessories

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Clothing

1. Hanfu

Hanfu is Chinese The national costumes of the Han nationality. Its origin can be traced back to the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors period to the Ming Dynasty. For thousands of years, the Chinese people (Han nationality) have not changed the basic characteristics of their clothing. The clothing worn by the Han nationality during this period is called Hanfu. Since the Yellow Emperor hung his clothes and ruled the world during the Yanhuang Dynasty, Hanfu has taken a basic form. After the Zhou Dynasty standardized the system, it was fully perfected and popularized by the Han Dynasty, from which the Han people got their name. Although there were some partial changes in the Hanfu of subsequent dynasties, their main characteristics remained unchanged, with the right lapel fold as the basic feature.

2. Tang suit

Tang suit (also belongs to Hanfu) Hanfu in the Tang Dynasty mostly refers to women's attire with a double-breasted top, a chest-length skirt and a silk scarf. Men's attire is mostly round-neck robes. The word "clothes" that we always talk about now actually means "clothes" and "shang" means "shang", which is worn on the upper body. "Shang" actually refers to the modern skirt, and "clothes" and "shang" are separate. This kind of women's clothing is not a one-piece dress, but worn in two parts, which lasted until the end of the Ming Dynasty. The way to wear a top is basically to cross the right collar or tie a knot on the front. The skirt below is tied up with a long skirt. The top is either tucked in or left loose naturally. Later, this loose top continued to be lengthened. Covered to the knees, it later developed into the Song Dynasty's beauties. P.S. The modern "Tang suit" that emerged due to APEC is a fashion model based on the Qing Dynasty mandarin jacket, and has nothing to do with Hanfu or the Tang Dynasty.

3. Qing Dynasty costumes

Qing Dynasty costumes in opera performances. During the Kangxi period, Qing Dynasty costumes appeared on the opera stage. For example, in Kong Shangren's "The Peach Blossom Fan", the last play "Aftermath" has a note in the script: "The deputy is dressed as a soap official and secretly goes up." "Fashionable clothing" refers to Qing Dynasty clothing. This play was first performed by Jin Douban in the 39th year of Kangxi (1700). However, the use of clear costumes in opera has been subject to many restrictions. During the Qianlong period, opera performances that "simulated the costumes of the dynasty" were banned (see the Memorial of Jiangxi Governor Hao Shuo, "Historical Materials" Issue 22). During the Jiaqing period, there was also an incident where the deputy constitution ordered the crown of a superior person to be taken away from him, believing that the superior person had desecrated the "famous utensils" of the imperial court (Jiao Xun's "Drama"). Therefore, as reflected in the "Jianghu Outfits" recorded in "Yangzhou Painted Boat Records" at the end of Qianlong's reign and the "Wearing Outline" issued during Daoguang's reign, there were very few Qing Dynasty costumes. A number of Qing Dynasty story plays appeared in the late Qing Dynasty, but the increase in Qing Dynasty costumes was still small. In addition to the above reasons, the costumes of opera have never paid attention to the specificity of the historical details of a certain dynasty or generation. In the past hundred years, the more obvious clear clothes have been retained in traditional suitcases, namely mandarin jackets, arrow jackets, weft hats, etc. There are countless types, and they have been artistically processed to varying degrees.

4. Clothing of the Yuan Dynasty

The clothing system of the Yuan Dynasty was similar to that of the Liao and Jin Dynasties. The Yuan Dynasty was ruled by the Mongols, so the costumes of the Yuan Dynasty were also quite special. Mongolians usually tie the hair on their foreheads into a small lock, like a peach, and braid the rest into two braids, then wrap them into two large rings hanging behind the ears, and wear a hat with a hat on their head. The clothes worn by people in the Yuan Dynasty were mainly "Zhisunfu", which were shorter robes, tighter and narrower, with many pleats at the waist. This kind of clothes was very convenient for getting on and off the horse. Aristocratic women in the Yuan Dynasty often wore a tall, long, and strange-looking hat. This kind of hat was called a "Si Si Guan." The robes they wear are wide and long, making it inconvenient to walk. They often need two maids to help them pull the corners of the robes. Most commoner women wear black robes. Men's clothing: Mianfu: Emperor Gong's mianfu. Crown Prince Gon wears his crown. Public uniform: What all officials wear when saluting. Regular clothes: the main clothing of the upper class in the Yuan Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty wore braids and tied up hair. The Yuan Dynasty did not have a complete system of crowns and uniforms. After the Mongols took over the Central Plains, they still maintained their living customs, but at the same time, influenced by the Han people, their costumes became increasingly gorgeous. The costumes of the Yuan Dynasty were mainly robes. The daily attire of officials and common people was mostly narrow-sleeved robes. In addition, during the Yuan Dynasty banquets, all officials of the emperor had to wear clothes of the same color, called "Zhisunfu". According to ancient records, the emperor's Zhisunfu had many styles, including 11 kinds of winter clothes and 15 kinds of summer clothes. . Women in this period also wore robes, while Han women mainly wore skirts. Due to the influence of Mongolian customs, in the Yuan Dynasty, it was popular for men to have braided hair and braided hair. The characteristic is that two straight lines are shaved with a knife, and all the hair on the back of the head is shaved off, leaving braided hair on the left and right sides or scattered randomly. shawl.

5. Clothing of the Ming Dynasty

The clothing of the Ming Dynasty belongs to the traditional clothing system of the Han nationality. After the Mongolian rule of the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty restored the traditions of the Han nationality, and Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, re-established the Clothing system. Many popular hairstyles for men in the Ming Dynasty were pioneered by Ming Taizu. For example, "net scarf" symbolizes the completeness of national laws, "square scarf" symbolizes national peace, and "guapi hat", which is almost regarded by modern Westerners as a typical Chinese hat. When clothing developed into the Ming Dynasty, the most prominent feature was that buttons on the front replaced the knots that had been used for thousands of years. But buttons did not begin in the Ming Dynasty. The form of buttons was seen on the waistline of braided jackets in the Yuan Dynasty. The use of buttons is also a change, reflecting the progress of the times.

The main festivals celebrated by ancient Chinese people (the dates involved are all in the lunar calendar)

The first month of the month

Spring Festival: celebrating the New Year, posting door gods, writing Spring Festival couplets, setting off firecrackers, worshiping ancestors, and having reunions Rice, New Year greetings, New Year's money, etc., mainly eating special foods such as rice cakes, glutinous rice balls, dumplings and longevity noodles

Lantern Festival: eating Lantern Festival, watching lantern shows, visiting temple fairs, guessing lantern riddles, etc.

February

Spring Dragon Festival, February 2, the dragon raises its head, threshing and hoarding grain

Flower Festival, February 12, the birthday of hundreds of flowers

March

Shangsi Festival, March 3rd, kites flying all over the sky, outings and picnics

April

Qingming Festival, cold food and fire are forbidden, tomb sweeping and ancestor worship

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Buddha's Birthday, the birthday of the Buddha, is celebrated on the eighth day of April, and some people also treat cattle kindly on this day

May

Dragon Boat Festival, commemorate Qu Yuan and eat rice dumplings , rowing dragon boats, planting mugwort leaves, drinking realgar wine, etc.

Rain Festival, May 13th to pray for good weather

June

June 6th, drying clothes and books , take a bath, eat fried noodles, and return to your parents' home

July

During the Chinese Valentine's Day, the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl meet, and girls beg for tricks

Hungry Ghost Festival, half of July, ghosts Going ashore, Ghost Festival, worshiping ancestors, harvesting grains

August

Mid-Autumn Festival, reunion and admiring the moon, eating moon cakes, worshiping the moon

September

Double Ninth Festival, September 9th, climb high to admire chrysanthemums, attend temple fairs, and respect the elderly

October

Xiayuan Festival, worship ancestors, fast to heaven, and worship the three officials of heaven, earth, and water

Winter Moon

During the Winter Solstice, eating dumplings

Twelfth Moon

Laba Festival, eating Laba porridge and smoked bacon to prepare for the New Year

On the twenty-third day of the twelfth lunar month, the Stove Lord goes to heaven to offer sacrifices to the stove and perform year-end cleaning

On New Year’s Eve, worship ancestors, watch the New Year’s Eve, New Year’s Eve dinner, etc.

In addition to these festivals, there will also be other festivals The twenty-four solar terms, birthdays of current emperors and queens, many Buddhist and Taoist festivals, and festivals unique to various industries, etc.