Information about animal horses

horse

English name horse

The mammal Equisetum Chiroptera is a herbivorous livestock. In ancient times, horses were the main driving force of agricultural production, transportation and military activities. With the invention and wide application of power machinery, the service value of horses has obviously declined in some industrialized countries, and almost all field operations have been replaced by tractors. Horses are mainly used for equestrian sports and milk and meat production, and the breeding quantity has been greatly reduced. However, in some developing countries and regions, horses are still mainly used for service and are an important source of service strength.

The origin and domestication of horses originated from Cenozoic and Early Tertiary 60 million years ago. Its primitive ancestor was a protohoofed animal, with a short stature, five toes on each limb and a well-developed middle toe. Shi Xinma (figure 1), or ancestor horse, lived in the early Eocene of Tertiary 58 million years ago and was about 40 cm tall. The forelimb is low and has four toes; The hind legs are high and have three toes. Simple teeth, suitable for tropical forest life. After entering the Miocene, the dry grassland replaced the wet shrub, and the function and structure of the horse changed obviously: the physique increased, the limbs became longer and became one toe (Figure 2); Teeth become hard and complicated. After the gradual evolution of Singapore-Malaysia, China-Singapore-Malaysia and Shanghai-Singapore-Malaysia, it was not until the Quaternary Pleistocene that a single-hoofed, tall Malaysia appeared.

Domestic horses are domesticated by wild horses. China was one of the first countries to domesticate horses. From the relics of Dawenkou culture period and Yangshao culture period in Shandong and Jiangsu in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, it is proved that several wild horse breeds have been domesticated as domestic animals around 6000 years. Horses were domesticated later than dogs and cows.

Different breeds of horses with different biological characteristics have great differences in body size. Heavy variety weight 1200 kg, height 200 cm. The small variety weighs less than 200 kg and is only 95 cm tall. The so-called pocket pony is only 60 centimeters tall. The head is straight and long and the ears are short. The limbs are long, the bones are solid, the tendons and ligaments are developed, and cicadas with palm and pillow traces (commonly known as night eyes) have hard hooves and can run quickly on hard ground. The coat color is complex, mostly dark brown, chestnut, blue and black. Take off the quilt in spring and autumn. Developed sweat glands are conducive to regulating body temperature, not afraid of cold and heat, and easy to adapt to the new environment. The chest is deep and wide, with developed heart and lungs, suitable for running and strenuous labor. Esophageal stenosis, single stomach and large intestine, especially cecum, are extremely developed, which is helpful to digest and absorb coarse grains. Without gallbladder, bile duct is developed. The chewing ability of teeth is very strong, and the gap between incisors and molars is called occlusal part, which is used to hold the occlusal body when driving. According to the number, shape and wear degree of teeth, the age can be determined (Figure 3), and the hearing and smell are keen. The distance between the eyes is large, and the overlapping part of the visual field is only 30%, so the judgment of the distance is poor; At the same time, the eye's focal length adjustment ability is weak, and it can only form a blurred image for objects 500 meters away, but it can distinguish the shape and color of nearby objects well. The head and neck are flexible, and the visual area of both eyes reaches 330 ~ 360. There is a photosensitive film on the outer layer of the fundus retina, which has strong sensitivity and can see the surrounding objects clearly at night. Horses are easy to train. Through the sense organs such as hearing, smell and vision, a firm memory can be formed. The average life expectancy is 30 ~ 35 years old, and the longest can reach more than 60 years old. The service age is 3 ~ 15 years old, and some can reach 20 years old.

There are more than 200 kinds of horses in the world, and there are more than 30 kinds in China. It can be mainly divided into local small varieties, riding type, fast-paced type, heavy-pulling type and both-pulling and riding type. Feeding management methods mainly include herd management, house feeding management and pony training and cultivation.

Ma m m m:

(pictographic. Early bronze inscriptions, such as horse eye, horse mane and ponytail. "Ma" is the radical of Chinese characters. Original meaning: livestock name)

One-hoofed herbivorous large mammals [horses] were domesticated by humans in prehistoric times and used as pack animals, tractors and vehicles. It is different from other existing horses and equines in that its tail hair and mane are long, there is a callus under the hock joint of its hind legs, and there are some unfixed features (such as larger body, larger hoof, slightly arched neck, smaller head and shorter ears).

A thousand miles away, there are not many boles. -Han Yu's Ma Shuo

Another example: Ma Bole (the man who looks at horses); Horsehead (a person who belongs to a horse); Horse tag (all public servants who raise horses have waist tags as vouchers); Manger (official signature. Specializing in horses); Horse pen (where horses are kept); Horse sacrifice (dedicated to the horse god); Riding (a rope tied to a horse); Horse brown (protective clothing for horses); Horse disaster (horse vision. Ancient times thought it was a sign of disaster); Matu (the legendary dragon horse carrying water)

The ancient word "code" was used as a bargaining chip in ancient times. Modern times are also used to count [codes]

Now, to the winner. -"The Book of Rites".

Another example: a girl (chip)

surname

Words about horses:

A stallion

A mare

Pony, pony

A castrated and infertile horse

A yellow horse.

A red horse with a black mane and a black tail

A light black and white horse.

Hua, jujube red horse

Heimali

? Huang Ma, Duckmouth.

Qi, a blue-black horse

A horse with black and white hooves.

Qi, a blue and white horse.

Dragon, pure white horse

A slow horse, a bad horse.

About horse culture:

It ranks seventh among the traditional Zodiac animals in China. There is a man named Ma in China. Ma surname is one of the common surnames. Besides the Han nationality, there are many other ethnic minorities whose surnames are Ma. Ma surname is one of the most popular surnames in Hui nationality. Almost all Hui people in Yunnan are surnamed Ma.

Six Horses in Zhaoling: (Horses of Ancient Kings)

The Six Horses in Zhaoling refer to the six reliefs on the east and west sides of the North Altar of Zhaoling in Li Shimin Mausoleum of Emperor Taizong in Liquan, Shaanxi Province. Each stone carving is about 2m wide and1.7m high. Liu Jun was a war horse that Li Shimin rode before the establishment of the Tang Dynasty. They are called "boxing hairs?" , "stone method opens", "white hoof is black", "Tele", "green" and "spreading the floor". In order to commemorate these six war horses, Li Shimin ordered craftsman Yan Lide and painter Yan (Yan Lide's younger brother) to draw the reliefs of six war horses in front of the mausoleum.

"Six Horses in Zhaoling" is a precious ancient stone carving art treasure with beautiful shape, smooth carving lines and fine and round knives. "dew purple" and "fist hair" in the six generals? 19 14 was broken, packed and smuggled to the United States, and now it is in the University of Pennsylvania Museum. The other four pieces were also broken packages and were intercepted in the process of smuggling. Now they are displayed in Xi 'an Beilin Museum.

This group of stone carvings shows the heroic spirit of the war horse that Emperor Taizong rode in the great cause of the founding of the People's Republic of China.

Boxing hair? Darkmouth, with yellow skin, has a string of spinning hairs. He was shot nine times when he tied Liu Heita. Li Shimin praised: "The moon is bright and carefree, the sky is high and the clouds are light, the arrow is loaded, and the gas is clear and positive."

Shivachi: When Hulao Pass defeated Wang and Dou Jiande one by one, he got five arrows in the hip.

Bai Tiwu: I took it with me when I was buried, and there was no arrow wound. Li Shimin praised, "Relying on the heavenly sword, chasing the wind and stabilizing your feet, return to the saddle and settle in Shu."

Teller: It's white and yellow. I rode it when I painted Song Jingang, and there was no arrow wound.

Qingzhui: Dou Jiande and I rode horses in a draw, flying on all fours, with five arrows in our body, one in the front and four in the back.

Salou Zi: When Wang was the capital of Luodu, he rode a horse with an arrow in his chest. Qiu Hanggong and Li Shimin exchanged mounts and drew an arrow for Saluzi. Li Shimin praised: "Yan Zi jumped, his bones soared, his spirit expanded into three rivers, and his strength expanded into eight arrays." There is a man attached to the relief, imitating Qiu Hua's arrow.

mum

horse

Gee; Horse; Horse meat; Neddy steed; Horse;

horse

( 1)

horse

plum blossom

(2)

(pictographic. Early bronze inscriptions, such as horse eye, horse mane and ponytail. "Ma" is the radical of Chinese characters. Original meaning: livestock name)

(3)

One-hoofed herbivorous large mammals [horses] were domesticated by humans in prehistoric times and used as pack animals, tractors and vehicles. It is different from other existing horses and equines in that its tail hair and mane are long, there is a callus under the hock joint of its hind legs, and there are some unfixed features (such as larger body, larger hoof, slightly arched neck, smaller head and shorter ears).

A thousand miles away, there are not many boles. -Han Yu's Ma Shuo

(4)

Another example: Ma Bole (the man who looks at horses); Horsehead (a person who belongs to a horse); Horse tag (all public servants who raise horses have waist tags as vouchers); Manger (official signature. Specializing in horses); Horse pen (where horses are kept); Horse sacrifice (dedicated to the horse god); Riding (a rope tied to a horse); Horse brown (protective clothing for horses); Horse disaster (horse vision. Ancient times thought it was a sign of disaster); Matu (the legendary dragon horse carrying water)

(5)

The ancient word "code" was used as a bargaining chip in ancient times. Modern times are also used to count [codes]

Now, to the winner. -The Book of Rites Throwing Pots

(6)

Another example: a girl (chip)

(7)

surname

horse

( 1)

horse

plum blossom

(2)

[Fang]: When you are angry, you stretch your face like a horse's face. Make a face at once and tell them to go out.

(3)

Ride a horse [horse]; Control a horse]

Qiu Ma leads a family. -Strange story from a lonely studio promoting knitting

(4)

Another example: Qiu

horse

( 1)

horse

plum blossom

(2)

Big [big]. Such as: horse road (road); Ma Bao (quilt). A long cloth bag with an opening in the middle and things can be stuffed into it on both sides); Horse boat (large official ship); Riding boat (big boat, fast sailing)

seat

Ma Su

[Saddle] A seat made of a wooden frame wrapped in leather, filled with soft objects, shaped to fit the rider's hips and protruding from front to back.

Saddle shaped

Mei Lanfang

[Saddle shape-the gap between the two peak periods] The shape of a saddle is used to describe or metaphor something that rises at both ends and falls in the middle.

delivery truck

Maluan

[caravan; A caravan carrying goods.

horsewhip

Yi nationality

[Whip] is a whip to drive away horses, often woven by pimps.

Bodyguard (of an officer)

women folk

[Officer's Guard] A guard of an old officer.

stopwatch

Mi Fei ou

Stopwatch [Stopwatch] A stopwatch, originally used for timing horse races.

leech

Mobic

Leech leech

Ma bing

Meng bang

Cavalry [cavalry]

Mapoliu

Maybelli

[pimp] A matchmaker in a relationship between men and women.

I often take the lead, do Mapo Six, and also see a doctor by acupuncture. -"Jin Ping Mei Hua Ci"

Without a moment's respite

Maboti Tinti

[continuous; The hurried journey didn't stop] Busy, no rest. Metaphor never stops moving forward.

Riding steps

Ma Su

A ballet step like a horse stance just like a horse stance.

transport

Mcic

( 1)

[Cab; Chariot; Carriage; Horse-drawn car

Pull tobacco with a carriage

(2)

[cart]

(3)

Heavy-duty two-wheeled vehicles, without springs, are used for general agricultural operations and cargo transportation.

(4)

Any light two-wheeled vehicle drawn by horses.

purslane

Dream team

[Portulaca oleracea] A kind of broomcorn millet with obovate leaves, fat and juicy, which is produced in both hemispheres. It is an annoying weed in some areas and can be eaten as a vegetable and cold dish.

Saddle bag

M Dazzi

[A big rectangular bag hanging on a horse] A big wallet on horseback.

engine

Meida

[Motor] Mechanical power sources, such as gasoline engines and motors.

carefree

Medaha

( 1)

[Careless; careless

(2)

[rambling brain; Careless and forgetful people

sabre

Medardo

[sword; Sabre 】 A slightly curved long knife used by cavalry in combat.

Win a direct victory

Medao-Cherngon

[Start success; Win immediate success; As soon as the horse arrived, it was a success. Metaphor is easy to succeed and quick to get results.

Madrid

Medley

[Madrid] The capital of Spain. It is the highest capital in Europe with a population of 3,654,380+0.5 million.

Barn lantern

Mei Dan

[Baron lantern; A portable kerosene lamp can prevent wind and rain, and can be hung on a horse when walking at night.

Grand hotel

Medion

[Inn specially set up to receive caravan members] An inn for caravan guests.

delivery truck

Mdui

( 1)

[A train of horses carrying goods]: Most of the horses in the team are used to transport goods.

(2)

[RV]: RV; A team of pack animals

(3)

Cavalry: a cavalry unit

sabre

M Faenzi

[horse dealer; Horse salesman, auctioneer, horse salesman, person employed to ride and show horses (especially at horse auctions)

stable

all places (across the country or the world)

[Car clothes are stable; Stability; The stables for storing carriages and horses are rented and equipped for use.

Bumblebee

Ma Su

[Bumblebee], any large social wasp of Vespidae, is a powerful flying insect with powerful spines. It usually uses soaked pulp-like wood pulp to build its nest and feeds on animal or plant food.

hornet's nest

Dream journey

[hornet's nest] hornet's nest. Metaphor is tough people and collectives.

What he said will stir up a hornet's nest.

bridegroom

Medb

( 1)

[Horse breeder; Groom; Carriage driver]: A person who feeds horses.

(2)

[mafoo]: China used to be called a horse-raising child or stable boy.

be killed in battle

Major-Gucci

[wrapped in horse skin; Death under the shield; To wrap a corpse in horse skin, referring to a soldier who died in battle.

Chinese straight collar coat

Mguya

[Jacket worn over robes] In the old days, men wore robes with double-breasted jackets. Black is the most common. It turned out to be the clothes worn by Manchu people when riding horses.

(Public) Stability

Mohun

[Horse parking place] A place where horses are kept.

(Public) Stability

Mohun

[Cavalry signal; [Horn] A slender horn used by cavalry.

Mach

Ma Su

[Mach] The speed ratio of an airplane, rocket, etc. Moving in the air at the speed of sound. Named after the Austrian physicist ernst mach.

mach number

Mehxiu

[Mach number] A number indicating the ratio of the moving speed of an object to the sound speed in the surrounding air.

Belated action or suggestion

Mayo Paao

[belated efforts] A chess term, which is a metaphor for outdated actions.

It is no use reviewing. The field has been ploughed. Who wants him to use Monday morning quarterback?

carefree

Mohu

[Careless; Negligence; Deduct; Careless] careless; Don't mind; Neglect; imprudent

This man is too careless.

waistcoat

Megiddo

( 1)

[Armor on horseback]: Armor worn by horses.

(2)

[vest] [square]: vest

live

Meggie

( 1)

[Fang]

(2)

[small shed; Shack]: A small shack

(3)

[tripod]: A triangular wooden frame for putting things. Also known as "horse rack"

Check the reins

Dream song

[twitch] A loop of rope or belt tied to the horse's lips, with interwoven handles as the control device.

Big rein

Mi Ghiotti

[Bite] A hard bit with a fork, which can exert force on the horse's jaw and make it leverage.

Little bit

Mijiaozi

[Bite] A part of a bridle, which is placed in the mouth of a horse. Its skeleton is a solid metal bar, sometimes covered with rubber.

horse's hoof

Migio

[even hoofs; Metaphor with Thursday [reveal secrets] loopholes or privacy.

Show the cloven foot

stable

Migio

[stable; Stable] A house where horses are kept.

A stable for 20 horses.

pony

Mari

[Foal] A pony, especially one under one year old.

harness

Meiben

Saddle: [Saddle] Equipment and articles, such as saddles and stirrups, equipped on a horse for riding.

Marco polo

Mk Brouhot

[Kyle Polo] (1254- 1324) Italian, 1275 came to China, 17 worked in the Yuan Dynasty. He is the author of Travel Notes of Marco Polo and introduced his experiences in the East.

Marx

Mkese

[Karl Marx] (1818.5.5-1883.3.14) is the founder of Marxism, the organizer and leader of the first international, and the great mentor and leader of the proletariat all over the world. Born in Trier, Rhein, Prussia, into a lawyer's family. His major works include Holy Family, German Ideology, Manifesto of Producers' Party, French Class Struggle from 1848 to 1850, Foggy Moon on the 18th of louis bonaparte, Criticism of Political Economy, Capital, French Civil War and Critique of Gotha Program.

Marxism–Leninism

mǎkèsī-lièníngzhǔyì

[Marxism–Leninism] Marxism and Leninism. Lenin's theory and practice of productism developed from Marx's theory or thought.

Marxism

mǎkèsīzhǔyì

Marxist political, economic and social policies formulated by Marx, Engels and their followers; In particular, it is a socialist theory and practice founded by or associated with Marx, including labor theory of value, dialectical materialism, economy determining human activities and social system, class struggle as the fundamental driving force of historical development, and it is believed that with the increasingly centralized control of industry by the bourgeoisie and the subsequent intensification of class confrontation and workers' suffering, the proletariat will seize political power and implement dictatorship through revolution.

tinplate

M Kutics

[tinplate; Galvanized iron sheet; Tin plate; Tinned sheet

riding breeches

Ma ya

[Riding breeches] A pair of thin and fat trousers designed for riding convenience below the knee.

police

Mikui

In the past, officials in yamen investigated and arrested criminals.

marathon

Mulasan

[[Marathon] 42 195 Long Distance Race. A metaphor for something that lasts for a long time.

horsepower

Mully

[Horsepower] unit of power, 1 Horsepower is equal to 1 meter per second, the work done by lifting an object weighing 75kg.

Marxism–Leninism

Marie

Marxism–Leninism is short for Marxism–Leninism.

I think it's still Chairman Mao's remark that learning Marxism-Leninism is mainly about learning a position, a viewpoint and a method.

potato

mǎlíngshǔ

( 1)

[potato]

(2)

An erect herb with pinnately compound leaves, white, yellow, blue or purple flowers and purple berries, native to the highlands of South and Central America and widely cultivated as a vegetable (especially in temperate regions).

(3)

The tuber of this plant. Also known as "potato", "potato" and "yam egg".

Strait of Malacca

winsome

[Malaka strain] is located between Malay Peninsula and Sumatra Island. Connecting the Andaman Sea and the South China Sea. It is about 1000 km long, and the widest part of the waterway is about 40 km, and the deepest part is 25 meters.

bridle

Mulet Mulanto

Bridle, a harness used to harness and restrain horses, includes a winding head, a bit, a bridle and other accessories.

road

Ma Su

[road; Avenue; Street] a wide and flat road for horses and chariots to walk on; highway

mule

Mluou

[Mule] Livestock born by crossing a male donkey with a female horse is more powerful.

carefree

Mo Yu si fu

( 1)

[No heat; Inadvertently]: not careful

In scientific research, even a trivial data should not be treated rashly.

Your top bun is average.

(2)

[Not so bad; So-so]: Not bad.

His English is average.

horse

Ma Su

Horses are the general term for horses.

flatter

Mapai

Flatter people's words and deeds for a certain purpose or benefit.

Flattering flatterer

Wu Zetian

[Wei Wei Nuo Nuo; Flatterer; Slave; Flatterer] Flatterer; Flatterer

The servant obeyed his master's orders in front of the carriage.

Manqinzu

[pawn] used to refer to servants who ran in front of chariots and horses, but now it refers to people who serve, run errands and send people around.

Herds of horses

Ma Su

[Manada] refers to a group of wild horses, including a male horse, several mares and some foals.

mosaic

Mesa Ike

[Mosaic] A small colored tile, square or hexagonal, that can be spliced into a pattern. It also refers to a pattern spliced with such tiles.

immediately

Ma Su

( 1)

[Immediately; Immediately]: immediately; immediately

Please sit down, everyone. The movie is about to start.

I'll be right there.

(2)

[On horseback]: On horseback

Fight at once

Fight at once

Meng Shang b ǐ w ǔ

[Tournament] A knight competition that originated in the Middle Ages; Participants were divided into two teams, dressed in armor and armed with spears or swords. They compete one-on-one to show their martial arts and bravery. The winner will be awarded by the woman selected to take part in the competition.

dipper

fabricated

A large wooden spoon used to hold rice and porridge.

Mashi

Mushi

[Horse Market]: A place where gold, silk, tea and salt exchange horses with frontier nationalities.

Ashe Wartemann

Mose

Make a high and long whine, which is typical of horses.

horse's head

Ma Su

( 1)

[Horsehead]: Horsehead

(2)

[General's Horsehead as Guide]: refers to the direction of the leader's horsehead in the battle.

The horse's head is cracked. -Wei Ming Xi, Biography of Big Iron Vertebra

Look to the future. -Qing Xu Ke's "The Battle of Clearing Banknotes"

Take the general's horse's head as an indication to move forward or backward-be guided and managed by someone

Ma Su

[Take the general's horse's head as a mirror] In the war, when soldiers watch the horse's head move forward or backward, they follow others' actions and follow others' example.

equestrian

fabricated

[Equestrian] The skill of riding a horse

horsemanship performance

horse's hoof

Metatti

[Horseshoe] Horseshoe.

horseshoe

Metatiti

( 1)

Horseshoe: horseshoe, that is, a U-shaped iron piece nailed under the hooves of horses, donkeys and mules to make them wear-resistant and not easy to get hurt.

(2)

[horseshoe magnet]: U-shaped magnet

U shape

Mi ti Xi ning

( 1)

[u type; The shape of the hoof]

(2)

Three sides form a U-shape, and one side is a straight line.

(3)

U shape

Bedroom toilet

Ma Su

【 Close shit; Wash-stand; [Toilet] A toilet with a lid.

Horsehead stringed instrument

Meteokin

【 Bowstring instrument with the scroll carved into the shape of a horse's head 】 The piano body is trapezoidal, and the handle is decorated with a two-stringed instrument with a horse's head, which is a favorite instrument of Mongolian people.

masson pine

Mei Wenxiang

[Masson Pine] A timber pine tree in East Asia is a precious decorative resin wood.

circus

Ma ya

[Circus] Originally refers to the equestrian performance of people, but now refers to the acrobatic performance with animals, all of which are specially trained.

Marshall Plan

Messier Hu Ya

[Marshall Plan]1On June 5, 947, US Secretary of State Marshall delivered a speech on the so-called "assistance" of the United States to the European renaissance at Harvard University. Later, the "European Recovery Plan" formulated by the US government was called "Marshall Plan"

riding boots

Ma Su

[riding boots; Gambado] riding boots are generally boots.

horsecloth

Meida

( 1)

[Cover a horse; A cloth covering or decorating a horse.

(2)

[Kappa prieto]: Decorate horse clothes.

Portable folding stool

Muriha

[Camping stool] A small foldable seat with legs crossed as a support, on which a belt, rope, etc. are placed. It's all stretched. light

Horny skin of horseshoe

God's?favored?one

[Horseshoe] The stratum corneum under the horseshoe; A horseshoe nailed to the horseshoe

horse

(horse)

M?ㄚˇ

( 1)

Mammals, with manes on their necks, hairy tails and strong limbs, are good at running, so they can ride or pull things: horses. Jun ~ ~ To succeed. ~ The first is foresight (following others' actions).

(2)

Big: ~ bee. ~ spoon.

(3)

Last name.

Zheng code: XA, u: 9a6c,: C2ED.

Number of strokes: 3, radical: horse, stroke sequence number: 55 1.

Gee; Horse; Horse meat; Neddy steed; horse