Color knowledge

In the colorful world, color makes everything in the universe full of emotion and vitality. As one of the most common aesthetic forms, color exists in all aspects of our daily life. Clothing, food, housing, transportation and use are almost all-encompassing, and are closely related to color all the time.

People's feelings are the beginning of understanding. The light and sound of the objective world act on the sensory organs. Through the activities of the nervous system and the brain, we have feelings and an understanding of external things and phenomena. Color is related to people's feelings (external stimuli) and people's perception (memory, association, contrast ...). Color feeling always exists in color perception, and there are few isolated color feelings.

The transmission ways of human color sense information are light source, color object, eyes and brain, which are the four major elements of human color sense formation. These four elements not only make people feel the color, but also are the conditions for people to judge the color correctly. If one of these four elements is untrue or changes in observation, it is impossible to correctly judge the color and the effect produced by the color.

The radiant energy of light source and the reflection of objects belong to the category of physics, and the brain and eyes are the contents of physiological research, but the color is always based on physics, and the feeling of color always contains the reflection of the psychological and physiological functions of color, which makes people produce a series of comparisons and associations.

The Chromaticity Committee of the American Optical Society once defined color as a characteristic of light except the temporal and spatial inhomogeneity, that is, the radiation of light can stimulate the retina and make the observer obtain the scene through vision. In China's national standard GB5698-85, the definition of color is: color is a visual feature other than image produced by light acting on human eyes. According to this definition, color is a visual characteristic of physical stimulation on human eyes, and human visual characteristics are dominated by the brain, which is also a psychological reflection. Therefore, color perception is not only related to the original color characteristics of the object, but also influenced by time, space, appearance and the surrounding environment of the object, and also influenced by many factors such as everyone's experience, memory, viewpoint and visual sensitivity.

Color comes from nature, but human beings combine the inspiration of natural colors with natural or artificial pigments to make our life more colorful.

Color mixing

A: Primary color theory

Three primary colors, the so-called three primary colors, means that none of these three colors can be mixed with the other two primary colors, while other colors can be mixed with these three colors in a certain proportion. Chromaticity calls these three independent colors three primary colors.

B: color mixing theory

Color mixing can be divided into additive mixing and subtractive mixing, and colors can also be mixed after entering the vision, which is called neutral mixing.

Additive mixing

Additive mixing refers to the mixing of colored light. When more than two kinds of light are mixed together, the brightness will be improved, and the total brightness of mixed colors is equal to the sum of the brightness of mixed colors. In terms of color and light mixing, the three primary colors are vermilion, emerald green and blue purple. These three colors of light cannot be produced by mixing other colors of light. And:

Zhu Guang+Emerald Light = Yellow Light

Emerald light+blue violet light = blue light

Blue-purple light+vermilion light = purplish red light

Yellow light, blue light and purple light are intermediate colors.

If only two colors of light can be mixed to produce white light, then the two colors are complementary. For example: scarlet light and blue light; Emerald green light and purple light; Blue violet and yellow light.

(2) Subtractive mixing

Subtractive mixing mainly refers to the mixing of pigments.

After the white light passes through the color filter, part of the light is reflected to absorb the rest of the light, reducing part of the radiation power, and the finally transmitted light is the result of two light reductions. This color mixing is called subtractive color mixing. Generally speaking, dyes with strong transparency have obvious dimming effect after mixing.

Subtractive mixed three primary colors are the complementary colors of additive mixed three primary colors, that is, the complementary colors of green red (magenta), blue purple yellow (light yellow) and vermilion blue (sky blue). Mix two original tones to produce an intermediate color:

Red+blue = purple

Yellow+Red = Orange

Yellow+blue = green

If two colors can produce gray or black, these two colors are complementary colors. The three primary colors are mixed in a certain proportion, and the obtained color can be black or black-gray. In subtractive mixing, the more colors are mixed, the lower the brightness and the lower the purity.

(3) Neutral mixing

Neutral mixing is a kind of visual color mixing based on human visual physiological characteristics, which does not change the color light or the luminescent material itself, and the brightness of the color mixing effect neither increases nor decreases, so it is called neutral mixing.

There are two visual blending methods:

Answer: color rotation and mixing: put two or more colors side by side on a disk, and rotate hard and quickly to see the new color. The effect of color rotation mixing is similar to additive mixing in hue, but it is the average value of mixed colors in lightness.

B: Spatial mixing: When different colors are juxtaposed, when their projections on the retina are small to a certain extent, these different color stimuli will act on the photoreceptor cells in very adjacent parts of the retina at the same time, making it difficult for the eyes to distinguish independently, and color mixing will occur visually. This mixing is called spatial mixing.

Color basis

To understand and use color, we must master the principles and methods of color induction and arrangement. The most important thing is to master the attributes of color.

Colors can be divided into achromatic colors and colored colors. The former is black and white. Gray, the latter such as red, yellow, blue and other colorful.

Having color refers to having a certain or certain hue in the spectrum, collectively referred to as hue. On the other hand, achromatic color has no hue.

Achromatic colors have lightness and darkness, which are white and black respectively, also called hue. Color representation is very complicated, but it can be determined by three sets of infinitesimal values. One is hue, that is, hue; The second is light and shade, that is, lightness; The third is strong color, namely purity and chromaticity. Brightness and chroma determine the state of color. Three attributes called color. The color state in which lightness and hue are combined into two lines is called hue. Some people understand lightness as hue, which is not comprehensive.

light

When it comes to lightness, we should start with achromatic color, because achromatic color is only one-dimensional and argumentative. The brightest is white, and the darkest is black. Different degrees of gray scale between black and white have the performance of light and dark intensity. If divided at a certain interval, it constitutes the scale of light and shade. Color depends on its own lightness value, and it can also be adjusted by adding and subtracting gray and white tones.

Japanese color matching system (P.C.C.S) uses nine levels, while Mense uses eleven levels to represent light and shade. Both of them use a series of numbers to indicate the rapid increase of brightness. The brightness of an object's surface is related to its reflectivity. More reflection, less absorption, is light; On the contrary, it is dark. Only 100% reflected light is ideal white, and 100% absorbed light is ideal black. In fact, there is no such ideal phenomenon around us, so people often take the most ideal white magnesium sulfide crystal plane as the standard of white. In the P.C.C.S system, black is' 1, gray tone is 2.4.3.5, 4.5.5, 6.5, 7.5, 8.5, and white is 9.5. The closer to white, the higher the brightness, and the closer to black, the lower the brightness. There are seven popular classifications: highest, highest, slightly higher, medium, slightly lower, lower and lowest. Among these nine levels, if you add their classification levels, that is, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.8 and 9, you get seventeen brightness levels.

There are shades of color, and the brightness of its purity is expressed by the brightness corresponding to achromatic color gray tone. Brightness is generally marked with vertical lines. The top is white, the bottom is black, and then it is graded according to the feeling and discharged into gray tones. This vertical axis of light and shade, called achromatic color axis, is the central axis of colored solids.

colour

Having color means including hue, that is, several color families such as group, yellow and blue, which are called hue.

The original basic colors are: red, orange, yellow, green, blue and purple. Insert one or two intermediate colors in the middle of each color, and their head and tail tones are in spectral order: red, orange red, yellow orange, yellow, yellow green, green, green blue, blue green, blue, blue purple and purple. Add an intermediate color to red and purple, and red and purple can form twelve basic tones.

The tone changes of these twelve tones are consistent in spectral color sense. If we further find out the middle color, we can get 24 shades. If the red, orange, green, blue and purple bands of the spectrum are circled again, and a half band is inserted between red and purple to form an annular hue relationship, it is called a color phase ring. Take the middle color between the basic colors and get the 12 hue potential ring. In addition, there is a 24-color ring. In the circle of the color phase ring, the tones are arranged at different angles, so the interval between each tone of the twelve color phase rings is 30 degrees. The interval of each hue of the 24-color ring is 15 degrees.

The P.C.C.s system has formulated a more standardized unified name and symbol for hue. Among them, red, orange, yellow, green, blue and purple refer to their "positive" colors (of course, the understanding of the so-called positive color varies from place to place). Positive color is represented by a single capital letter, equal color mixed color is represented by two capital letters in parallel, unequal color mixed color is mainly represented by capital letters, and final color is represented by lowercase letters. The only exception is that Zilan uses V instead of BP. V is the first letter of violet. It is convenient for beginners to use and remember correctly by coding the letters in hue.

It is obvious that the Japanese divide and assign color names in this way, which is in line with Mencel's ten tones and twenty tones. Mencel system is based on red, yellow, green, blue and purple, which is called yellow red. Therefore, the 24 colors of P, C, C and S are also divided into ten categories.

soak

A hue, there are strong and weak points. Take Zheng Hong as an example, there are bright pure red with no impurities, "withered roses" with astringency and dryness, and relatively pale pink. They all have the same hue, but the strength is different, which is generally called (SA+URA+LON) or chromaticity. Chroma is usually called high or low. The higher the chroma, the purer and brighter the color. The lower the chromaticity, the more astringent and turbid the color. Solid color is the highest chroma level.

Said chromaticity, generally expressed by horizontal axis. Taking the longitudinal axis of achromatic color as a point, it extends outward in a certain hue direction of the color circle, and makes several levels according to the chromaticity from low to high. P, C, C and S systems are divided into nine levels, with S as the scale unit. The minimum value is.

The maximum value is G S. The closer to the achromatic longitudinal axis, the lower the chromaticity. There is no hue on the achromatic axis, so it can be said that the hue is O S, far away from the achromatic axis, with high chroma, and the end point is pure color, which is the hue of the color in the spectrum.

Chromaticity is classified as follows: according to the brightness of purity, find the corresponding gray tone, divide it into nine equal parts (according to the feeling), add one part to the solid color, and deduct a part of the color from one part. So you get eight continuous shades of solid color. 5 S is to deduct 4/9 pure color and 4/9 ash; ISG is a popular method to divide 8/9 purity, add 8/9 pure color and add 8/9 ash, which corresponds to nine grades of chromaticity. It is divided into five grades: high, slightly high, medium, slightly low and low.

Stereo color scale

We sort out the lightness, hue and color obtained after the above mixing under white light, and choose from bottom to top. The color scale on each cross section is the same, and the color scale on the upper cross section is higher than that on the lower cross section. Then black, white and gray are taken as the central axis, and the center is outside, so that the color code purity on the same cylinder is the same, and the purity on the outer cylinder is higher than that on the inner cylinder. Outside the central axis of the team, the hue of each vertical section is the same, so that the hues of red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and purple on different vertical sections are arranged clockwise from the central axis of the ring, thus organizing thousands of color codes neatly into three-dimensional color codes. At present, the three-dimensional color scale with great influence is ostwald color scale and Mencel color scale.

Color Representation, Newton Color Ring and Color Stereo

First, the color expression method

There are many colors. Normal eyes can distinguish hundreds of thousands of colors, while color detectors can distinguish more than one million colors. In order to correctly express and apply colors, each color is represented by a name. This method is called color naming, including natural color naming and systematic color naming:

Natural color naming:

The method of using natural scenery color is natural color naming, using natural scenery, plants, animals, mineral colors, such as sea blue, sapphire blue, chestnut, orange, ivory white, egg blue and so on.

System color nomenclature:

The color naming method of the system is based on adding hue modification, plus brightness and purity modification. It is more accurate through the modification of hue tendency, lightness and purity. The International Color Association (ISCC) and the American National Bureau of Standards jointly determined and promulgated 267 standard color names (ISCC-NBS color names for short) suitable for non-luminous substances.

Second, Newton Color Ring and Color Stereo

Newton color ring

Newton, a British scientist, discovered in 1666 that if sunlight is refracted by a prism and then projected onto a white screen, it will present a rainbow-like beautiful ribbon spectrum. Starting from red, it is orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and purple.

On the Newton color ring, it represents the order of tones and the relationship between colors. If the ring is divided into six equal parts, and each part is filled with six colors of red, orange, yellow, green, cyan and purple, then the three primary colors, three intermediate colors, adjacent colors, contrasting colors and complementary colors are displayed in it. Newton's color circle laid a certain theoretical foundation for the later establishment of surface color system, and developed into 10 color circle, 12 color circle, 24 color circle, 100 hue and so on.

Although the invention of Newton color ring established the expression method of color hue relationship, the basic attributes of color are lightness and purity. Obviously, the two-dimensional plane cannot express three factors. The so-called color stereo is some color expression methods that express the relationship among hue, lightness and purity by means of three-dimensional space patterns.

Color stereo

The so-called color stereo is a color structure that combines the three attributes of color and systematically arranges them into a solid shape. Color stereo is of great help to the arrangement, classification, expression and description of the whole color, as well as to the observation, expression and effective use of color.

The basic structure of color solid is that the brightness level is the central longitudinal axis, and the upward brightness gradually increases, with white as the vertex, and the downward brightness gradually decreases until it is black. Secondly, the horizontal chromaticity stage is done from the lightness axis, and the closer it is to the lightness axis, the lower the chromaticity is; The farther away from the lightness axis, the higher the chromaticity.

Each lightness stage has a chroma stage with the same lightness extending outward, so it forms a certain hue (equal hue surface). With the lightness stage as the central axis, the (isochromatic surfaces) of each color phase are arranged in a radial structure in the order of red, orange, yellow and green. The so-called colored solid is formed.

Color contrast

Color contrast

Colors in life often do not exist alone. When we observe colors, we observe them in a certain background, or several colors are juxtaposed, or we look at one color first and then another, and so on. In this way, the color you see will change, forming a color contrast phenomenon and affecting your psychological feelings.

1, color contrast

In the state of color contrast, due to the interaction, it is different from the color seen alone. This phenomenon is caused by visual afterimages. When we look at a color graphic for a short time and then look at the white background, there will be complementary color graphics with similar hue and brightness. If the background is colored, the afterimage color is mixed with the background color. In the case of color juxtaposition, there will be mutual influence. So, when we design color matching. It is necessary to consider the visual effect caused by the complementary color afterimage and make corresponding treatment.

Simultaneous comparison and sequential comparison

When two or more colors are matched, two adjacent colors will influence each other. This contrast is called simultaneous contrast. Its contrast effect is mainly manifested in: in hue, each other adds its own complementary color to the other's color, and the closer the two colors are to the complementary color, the stronger the contrast; In lightness, the higher the lightness, the lower the lightness; The closer to the boundary line, the stronger the influence and the more color leakage.

When you look at one color and then at another color, the complementary color of the former color will be added to the latter color. This contrast is called time contrast. For example, if you look at green and then yellow, yellow will have a bright red feeling.

Edge contrast

When two colors are compared, the contrast effect is strongest at the edge of the two colors, which is called edge contrast. Especially when the two colors are complementary, the contrast is stronger.

As the picture shows, red and green are complementary colors, forming a strong contrast. The edges of the two colors feel like a dazzling edge, but in fact there is no edge. This is the illusion caused by strong contrast.

In order to alleviate this contrast in design, gradients, white edges or shadows are usually used.

picture contrast

Among the three attributes of color, the contrast mainly formed by hue difference is called hue contrast.

Brightness contrast

The contrast formed by the difference of lightness among the three attributes of color is called lightness contrast. Those with high lightness will appear bright and those with low lightness will appear dark. For example, colors with the same brightness will appear darker on a white background, but brighter on a black background.

Purity comparison

The contrast formed by the purity differences among the three attributes of color is called purity contrast. When the color with the same purity is on the background of two colors with almost equal brightness and hue but different purity, the color with low purity will appear brighter, while the color with high purity will appear gloomy.

The above contrast rarely exists alone in practical application, and two or more contrasts often exist at the same time, but the primary and secondary strengths are different. Synchronous alignment

In this way, adjacent colors have changed their original attributes, and they all have complementary colors of adjacent colors.

For example, the same gray glows on a black background and darkens on a white background.

The same black is red with green and gray, green with red and gray, green with red and gray, purple with yellow and purple with yellow.

The same gray has a slight background color on the background colors of red, orange, yellow, green, cyan and purple. Red and purple are juxtaposed, red tends to orange, and purple tends to blue. Adjacent colors tend to push each other towards their complementary colors. Red and green are juxtaposed, with red feeling redder and green feeling greener.

At the same time, the color contrast is more obvious at the junction, which is also called edge contrast. At the same time, the law of color contrast is summarized as follows:

1, bright color is adjacent to dark color, bright color is brighter, and dark color is darker; Gray and bright colors are juxtaposed, and more colors are more gray; Cool colors are juxtaposed with warm colors, which are colder and warmer. 2. When different tones are adjacent, they often push each other into complementary colors. 3. When the complementary colors are adjacent, due to the strong contrast, the complementary light is increased and the color sharpness is also increased. 4. At the same time, the contrast effect increases with the increase of purity, and the adjacent boundary is the most obvious. 5. At the same time, the contrast effect can only be produced when the colors are adjacent, and the effect is most obvious when one color surrounds another.

Methods to enhance the effect of simultaneous contrast: (1) Improve the purity of contrast color and enhance the effect of purity contrast; (2) Make the contrast color establish the complementary color relationship, and strengthen the tone contrast; (3) Expand the area contrast relationship and strengthen the area contrast.

Suppression method:

(1) Change the purity, improve the brightness and ease the contrast of purity;

(2) Destroy the complementary relationship and avoid the strong contrast of complementary colors;

(3) Buffering color contrast by interval and gradient;

(4) Reduce the area contrast relationship and establish the area balance relationship.

For example, an orange background with green and gray can enhance the simultaneous contrast; However, matching yellow and gray on an orange background will inhibit simultaneous contrast.

Eaton pointed out in Color Art: "Continuous comparison and simultaneous comparison show that only when the complementary relationship is established can the human eye be satisfied or in a balanced state." "The phenomenon of visual afterimage and the simultaneous effect both indicate a noteworthy physiological fact, that is, vision needs corresponding complementary colors to balance any particular color. If this complementary color does not appear, the vision will automatically generate this complementary color. " "The complementary color rule is the basis of harmonious color layout, because observing this rule will establish an accurate balance visually." The theory of complementary color balance put forward by Eaton reveals a basic law of color composition, which is of great guiding significance to the practice of color art. If the color composition is too vague and lacks vitality, then choosing complementary color is a very effective color matching method. Whether it is the contrast of the characters and the rendering of the atmosphere by the color of the stage environment, or the advertisement and display of goods, the clever use of complementary color composition is an important means to improve the artistic appeal.

"Complementary color balance theory" has been widely used in medical practice. According to the principle of complementary and balanced visual colors, the clothes of operating rooms, operating tables, surgeons and nurses in hospitals are generally green. This is not only because green is a neutral and mild color, but more importantly, green can reduce the visual fatigue caused by the stimulation of bright red blood for a long time during the operation, avoid the occurrence of visual afterimages and affect the normal operation.

The feeling of color before and after

Color has a sense of progress and retreat, which is the common hobby of color designers. Physiologically speaking, the adjustment of human lens is very precise, and it is also sensitive to the change of distance, but there is always a certain limit, and the subtle differences of wavelength cannot be adjusted correctly. When the eyes observe colors with different wavelengths at the same distance, warm colors with longer wavelengths, such as red and orange, form internal images on the retina; Cool colors with shorter wavelengths, such as blue and purple, form horizontal images on the retina. So the warm color seems to be moving forward, and the cool color seems to be retreating.

The forward and backward feeling of color is not only related to wavelength, but also related to the perception of color contrast. All colors with strong contrast have a sense of forward, and colors with weak contrast have a sense of backward. The expanded color has a sense of progress, while the contracted color has a sense of retreat; Bright colors have a sense of progress, while ambiguous colors have a sense of retreat; High-purity colors have a sense of progress, while low-purity colors have a sense of retreat. The principle of distance illusion formed by the sense of color advance and retreat is often used to strengthen the sense of space in painting. For example, if the background of the picture or the sky recedes, you can choose cool colors and the color contrast should be weakened. In order to make the foreground or subject stand out, we should choose warm colors and strengthen color contrast.

Color expression

Color expression

Whether it is colored or achromatic, it has its own expression characteristics. When the purity and lightness of each color change, or they are in different color matching relationships, the expression forms of colors will also change. Therefore, it is as difficult to tell the expression characteristics of various colors as it is to tell the personality characteristics of everyone in the world. However, we can still describe some typical personalities.

Red red

Red is a warm, impulsive and powerful color that can accelerate muscle function and blood circulation. Because red is easy to attract attention, it is also widely used by various media. In addition to good visual effects, it is also used to convey the corporate image and spirit of vitality, enthusiasm, warmth and progress. In addition, red is often used as the color of warning, danger, prohibition, fire prevention and other signs. When people see red signs in some occasions or articles, they often can understand the meaning of warning danger without reading the content carefully.

Big red is generally used for striking, such as a red flag and a little red among evergreen trees; Light red is generally gentle, such as the layout of new houses and children's clothes. Crimson can generally be used as a foil, which has a deep and warm feeling.

Red and light yellow match best, big red excludes green, orange and blue (especially dark blue), and neutral matches cream yellow and gray.

Orange orange

Orange is a bright and lively color and the warmest color in the warm color system. It reminds people of golden autumn and rich fruits. It is a rich, happy and happy color. When orange is slightly mixed with black or white, it will become a steady, subtle and bright warm color, but when mixed with more black, it will become a burnt color; Adding more white to orange will bring a sweet and greasy feeling.

The visibility of orange is very high. Among the industrial safety colors, orange is a warning color, such as motorcycles, mountaineering clothes, backpacks, life jackets and so on. Orange can generally be used as a festive color, but also as a rich color, such as many decorations in the palace. Orange can be used as the decoration color of the restaurant. It is said that using oranges in restaurants can increase appetite.

Orange is matched with light green and light blue to form the loudest and happiest color. Orange and light yellow have a comfortable sense of transition. Generally, orange can't be matched with purple or dark blue, which will give people a feeling of uncleanness and obscurity. Because orange is very bright and dazzling, it sometimes makes people have a negative and vulgar image, which is especially easy to happen in the use of clothing. Therefore, when using orange, we should pay attention to the choice of matching colors and expressions in order to set off the bright, lively and delicious characteristics of orange.

Yellow yellow

Yellow is brilliant, with the brilliance of the sun, symbolizing the light of wisdom that illuminates the darkness. Yellow has golden light, symbolizing wealth and power, and is the color of pride. Among industrial colors, yellow is often used to warn of danger or remind attention, such as yellow lights on traffic signs, large machinery for engineering, raincoats and rain boots for students, etc. Yellow can achieve infinite expansion of power against the background of black and purple, and light pink can conquer the proud yellow prince like a girl. Yellow and green collocation, full of vigor and vitality; Yellow and blue match, it looks beautiful and fresh; Pale yellow and dark yellow are the most elegant combinations.

Pale yellow can match almost all colors, but if you want to stand out, you can't put it on other light colors, especially white, because it will make you see nothing. Dark yellow can't be matched with deep red and deep purple, and it can't be matched with black, because it will make people feel obscure and dustbin.

Green green

In commercial design, the image of freshness, ideal, hope and growth conveyed by green meets the needs of service industry and medical care industry. In order to avoid eye fatigue when operating in factories, many working machines also use green, and in general medical institutions, space color planning often uses green, that is, marking medical supplies.

Bright green is a very beautiful and elegant color. It is full of vitality and symbolizes life. Green is generous and can accommodate almost all colors. Green has a wide range of uses. Whether in childhood, youth, middle age or old age, the use of green will never lose its liveliness and generosity. Green is indispensable in all kinds of paintings and decorations, and can also be used as a leisure color.

Green is yellow-green, simple and young; Green permeates blue into blue-green, handsome and open-minded. Gray-green is still a quiet and peaceful color, just like a forest in the twilight or a field in the morning fog. Dark green and light green have a harmonious and peaceful feeling together; Green and white collocation, looks very young; Light green with black, beautiful and generous. The combination of green and light red symbolizes the arrival of spring. However, dark green is generally not matched with deep red and purplish red, which will have a messy and unclean feeling.

Blue blue

Blue is a broad color, and the vast scenery of the sky and the sea is blue. Blue is the symbol of eternity and the coldest color. Pure blue shows a kind of beauty, gentleness, reason, peace and cleanliness.

Blue has a rational and accurate image because of its calm characteristics. In commercial design, most commodities or corporate images that emphasize technology and efficiency choose blue as the standard color and corporate color, such as computers, cars, photocopiers and photographic equipment. In addition, blue also represents melancholy, which is influenced by western culture. This image is also used in literary works or commercial designs with emotional appeals.

Blue has a wide range of uses. Blue can calm the mood. Sky blue can be used as decoration for hospitals and sanitary facilities, and also as clothing and curtains in summer. Generally speaking, painting and various ornaments are also inseparable from blue.

Different combinations of blue and white are bright, refreshing and clean; Blue and yellow collocation, big contrast, big brightness; Large pieces of blue generally do not match green, but can only penetrate into blue-green, lake blue or cyan, which is also an intoxicating color; The combination of light green and black is solemn, mature and educated. Deep blue can't be matched with crimson, purplish red, dark brown and black, because it has neither contrast nor lightness, only a feeling of being stolen.

Purple purple

Because of its strong feminine characteristics, the use of purple in commercial design is also quite limited. In addition to the product or corporate image related to women, other designs are not often used as the main color.

Purple is the shortest visible light wave. Purple is an imperceptible color. It is beautiful and mysterious, giving a deep impression. It is both threatening and inspiring. Purple is a color that symbolizes piety. When light and understanding illuminate the pious color of ignorance, the beautiful and lovely aura will make people ecstatic!

Using purple to express loneliness and dedication, and using purple to express sacred love and spiritual realm, this is the performance value brought by purple.

Purple is in an uncertain state between cold and warm, and its low lightness constitutes the psychological negative feeling of this color. Unlike yellow, purple can't hold many colors, but it can hold many faded layers. A dark and pure purple will become a very beautiful and soft color as long as a small amount of white is added. With the continuous addition of white, there are many layers of lavender, and each layer of lavender is so soft and moving.

Brown brown

Brown is usually used to indicate the texture of original materials, such as hemp, wood, bamboo chips, cork and so on. , or convey the color and taste of some beverage raw materials, such as coffee, tea, wheat and so on. , or emphasize the classical and elegant corporate or commodity image.

white

White has an advanced and high-tech image and usually needs to be used with other colors. Pure white will bring a cold and harsh feeling to others, so when using white, some other colors will be mixed, such as ivory white, beige white, milky white, apple white and so on. In the use of daily necessities and clothing, white is the main color that is always popular and can be matched with any color.

Black, black.

Black is noble, steady and scientific.