On the basic rules of high jump

High jump is one of the jumping events in track and field. Also known as sprint high jump. So what kind of sport is this? Let me show you the knowledge of high jump!

Basic knowledge of high jump

High jump is one of the jumping events in track and field. Also known as sprint high jump. It consists of rhythmic run-up, one-legged take-off, over-pole and landing. , and take the height of its last successful crossing over the upper edge of the crossbar as the basis for calculating the score and judging the ranking.

Over-the-pole techniques include jumping and shearing (also known as? Oriental style? ), tumbling, prone, back crossing, etc. The high jump originated in England and from gymnastics. 1864, the high jump was included in the field events for the first time in Britain. Kenai, an Englishman, jumped over the height of 1.70 meters by jumping (the most primitive and simple high jump posture). Men's high jump higher than 1896 was listed as an official event in the first Olympic Games. Women's jumping has been officially included in the Olympic Games since 1928. Scissors high jump originated in America [1].

The high jump became popular in Europe and America in 1960s, and 1896 the first Olympic Games was listed as an event. Over-the-pole techniques include jumping, scissors, tumbling, prone, back-crossing and so on. Due to the different technical types, athletes have different methods in completing the run-up, take-off, pole crossing and landing. Run-up makes the human body produce forward speed, increases the supporting reaction force and accelerates the take-off action. The fosbury flop adopts arc run-up, which is long, fast and natural. Other postures generally use straight-line run-up, with short distance, slow speed and low body center of gravity. Take-off means that after the run-up, the human body quickly changes the direction of movement and jumps up to prepare for the pole. When taking off in fosbury flop, vertical jump and scissors jump, the take-off leg takes off on the side far from the crossbar.

In prone and tumbling high schools, the take-off leg takes off near the crossbar. The fosbury flop is a leg swing, and other postures are generally a straight leg swing. When crossing the bar, the body turns from one side to the other, and then crosses the bar in the order of arm, head and shoulder. Hips are fully extended on the bar in supine and anti-bow positions. After passing the pole, tuck in your abdomen and lift your legs, and put your back on the sponge bag. When prone over the pole, the swinging leg swings on the pole first, and the body turns to prone position along the longitudinal axis on the pole, then turns his head and dives his shoulders, straightens his take-off leg, and finally lands. What are the over-the-pole movements? Flat top? And then what? Submerged? Two kinds. Back-crossing and prone-crossing are better ways to cross the pole, because the center of gravity of the human body is lower than the pole when crossing the pole, so the flying height can be fully utilized. And the back-over posture is easier to master than the prone posture. As a game activity, high jump can be traced back to ancient times.

The ancient Germans had a popular horizontal vault competition, and the Tutsi in Africa had a high jump competition with planks or stones. As a competition, the high jump started in Ireland and Scotland. 1800, the high jump was listed as an event of the Scottish Games. 65438+ high jump became popular in Europe and America after 1960s. After that, with the continuous improvement of athletes' speed and strength, the high jump performance is also constantly improving and developing.

high jump

The high jump is very popular all over the world, and it is also the children's favorite sport. There are many kinds of high jump postures, such as jumping, scissors, prone and fosbury flop, among which fosbury flop is the most popular. The high jump method in which the human body crosses the crossbar with his back to the crossbar through run-up and take-off and puts his back on the mat first is called fosbury flop. 1896 1 Olympic Games and 1928, the ninth Olympic Games included the men's and women's high jump respectively. The youngest Olympic high jump champion is the Federal Republic of Germany female athlete Mayfarth. She won the Olympic high jump champion at the age of 1972, with a score of1.92m. The highest male athlete in the world is Sotomayor of Cuba, 1993 jumped 2.45m, and the female athlete was Kostadinova of Bulgaria, 1987 jumped 2.09m.

Training method of fosbury flop: the method of obtaining the vertical speed of fosbury flop take-off

High-level fosbury flop athletes have the lowest body center of gravity and the lowest vertical speed when their legs are supported vertically in the last step of run-up. The body center of gravity of high-level fosbury flop athletes changes from low to high, and the vertical speed is an increasing process from the last step of the run-up to the end of the take-off leg. Did the fosbury flop go through two supports, two swings and a short flight from the vertical support of the swing leg to the last run-up take-off of the take-off leg? Two steps? What I did in middle school was done with two legs? Dual power? Take off. In the last step of run-up, the swing leg support extension stage is the beginning and starting part of take-off, which is the first power source, while the leg support extension stage is the continuation and ending part of take-off and the second power source (main power). The acquisition of vertical speed of take-off in arc run-up of fosbury flop has gone through two stages: swing leg support, kick-off stage and kick-off leg support. The extension stage of swinging leg support is the initial dynamic stage to obtain the vertical speed of take-off; The support and extension stage of take-off leg is the main dynamic stage to obtain the vertical speed of take-off. The initial power is the premise and condition for the completion of the main power, and the quality of the initial power directly affects the effect of obtaining the vertical speed in the main power stage.

The development trend of modern fosbury flop technology requires speeding up the run-up speed and increasing the take-off speed and range. This is because the faster the arc run-up speed, the greater the body inclination angle and the lower the center of gravity, the shorter the time for the body to change from inclination to vertical, the faster the speed, the greater the working distance, the greater the speed and amplitude of the rapid rise of the center of gravity of the body, which is conducive to the cumulative increase of vertical speed and the greater the initial speed of take-off. This is the biggest advantage of using run-up speed to improve the take-off effect of fosbury flop. Only the take-off speed is short of amplitude or only the take-off amplitude is short of speed, and the best take-off speed and take-off effect cannot be achieved. In order to obtain the vertical speed in the take-off stage, the fosbury flop should have both the take-off speed and the take-off range, so as to obtain the maximum initial take-off speed and reasonable take-off angle.

What is the way to get the initial take-off speed of fosbury flop? Dual power? what's up Two steps? In the process of take-off, the vertical speed of take-off is obtained from the take-off speed and take-off amplitude. The vertical take-off speed of backstroke arc run-up is obtained through the following five ways: first, accelerate the take-off speed of run-up and increase the take-off range; Second, keep the take-off speed of the run-up unchanged and increase the take-off range; Third, keep the take-off range unchanged and accelerate the take-off speed of run-up; Fourthly, appropriately reduce the take-off range (take-off step) and greatly improve the take-off speed of the run-up; Fifth, appropriately slow down the take-off speed of the run-up (extend the take-off time) and greatly increase the take-off range. It is a good choice to speed up the take-off and increase the take-off range. Take-off speed includes two aspects: one is the horizontal speed of take-off; Second, the vertical speed of takeoff; The horizontal speed of takeoff is the combined speed of horizontal speed and vertical speed; The horizontal speed of take-off is related to the length of the last step and the take-off time; Vertical takeoff speed is related to takeoff time and vertical working distance; The take-off speed shows the characteristics of action speed and displacement speed, and shows obvious vertical acceleration characteristics; The take-off range also includes two aspects: one is the horizontal take-off range (horizontal working distance) and the other is the vertical take-off range (vertical working distance). The take-off range is the displacement distance of the body's center of gravity from the lowest point to the highest point. The vertical acceleration characteristic of take-off amplitude is an important condition to obtain the initial speed of take-off.

In the take-off process of fosbury flop, different combinations of speed and amplitude determine different technical styles. The fosbury flop can be divided into three technical types. What's the first one? Velocity-amplitude type? (Sotomayor type), this type has fast run-up, fast take-off, large amplitude, long vertical acceleration distance and fast over-pole speed. The maximum vertical speed of take-off is obtained by fast arc run-up and fast and large take-off, stretching and swinging, which improves the initial speed of take-off. What is the second one? Speed type? (Zhu Jianhua type), this type of run-up is fast, the take-off range is relatively small, the vertical acceleration is large, and the passing speed is fast. When taking off, the center of gravity rises rapidly and moderately, and the maximum vertical speed of take-off is obtained mainly through rapid arc run-up and rapid take-off, stretching and swinging, which increases the initial speed of take-off. What is the third one? Amplitude-type run-up speed is moderate, amplitude is large, and the horizontal speed of take-off is relatively slow, but the vertical acceleration of take-off is large, the bow after passing the pole is large, and the speed of passing the pole is relatively slow. Mainly use the large-scale take-off and swing cooperation to improve the initial speed of take-off From the theoretical point of view of fosbury flop, three technical types are analyzed, and all three forms can obtain a larger initial take-off speed. Speed? Amplitude type is the best, followed by? Speed type? And then what? The choice of three technical types of amplitude type is related to the athlete's physical function, neuromuscular characteristics, physical quality and technology, which shows the personal technical style of fosbury flop in different periods.