Photography course 20

1. What is photographic composition? The so-called photographic composition is transformed from artistic composition, which can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. Broadly speaking, photographic composition includes the whole process of photographic art creation, such as the determination of theme, the choice of theme, the form of picture and the application of modeling means and technical skills. In a narrow sense, photographic composition refers to the organic arrangement of objective scenery in a photographic picture by using certain technical skills, thus forming various elements of the picture, such as points, lines, surfaces, light, shadows and colors, forming a certain artistic form, which is a method to express the photographer's intentions and opinions. The two purposes of photographic composition are to obtain the best picture form and express the theme best. Second, the general law of composition 1. There are several kinds of symmetry in form: one is left-right symmetry, that is, based on the central axis of things, the left and right are completely equal; The second is left-right symmetry, that is, based on the center line of things, things on the left and right sides are not completely equivalent, but there are certain similarities, or there is obvious relativity in content and form, which can be regarded as loose symmetry; Third, it is symmetrical from top to bottom, with the central axis of things as the benchmark, and the top and bottom are completely equal; The fourth is radiation symmetry, that is, taking a point as the center, the corresponding points can form a symmetrical relationship at any angle. Symmetry also has disadvantages. Absolute equivalence often cannot strongly stimulate people's vision, and often produces a feeling of rigidity, monotony and lack of change. 2. Balance (also called equilibrium) evolved from symmetrical deformation. Symmetry, isomorphism, homogeneity, quantity and price can produce a sense of absolute balance. But the sense of balance is not entirely produced by symmetrical distribution. In photographic composition, a balanced picture is not necessarily a one-to-one correspondence in the shape, quantity, size and arrangement of the two sides of the scene, nor is it necessarily an absolute equivalence, but a different arrangement in the shape, quantity and size of the photographed scene, which gives people visual stability. This is an abnormal and different echo balance, an artistic balance. Of course, balance also includes symmetrical balance. In the composition of a sense of balance, two factors are very important: weight and volume. The factors that determine the sense of balance in appreciation are not only weight and volume, but also people's perceptual experience and psychological experience. People can divide the sense of weight into the following categories: people are heavier than things; Animals are heavier than plants; Dynamic specific static weight; Dark color is heavier than light color (when the background is light color) and light color is heavier than dark color (when the background is dark color); The big one is heavier than the small one; Bright color is heavier than dark color; Something near is heavier than something far away; The distance from the fulcrum or the center of the picture is heavier than the distance; In the picture, the upper object is heavier than the lower one; The right position in the picture is heavier than the left position. There are many ways to obtain picture balance in film and television photography composition, including the following: a. Position arrangement of the subject: first determine the position of the subject, then deal with the positions of other subjects such as companions, foreground and background according to the position of the subject, and finally get picture balance. B, line direction, the direction of people or things: Generally speaking, when the line of sight is cast in the direction with a large blank, the picture is easy to appear balanced. When the line of sight is cast in the direction with a small blank, the picture will definitely appear weightless and lose its sense of balance. Therefore, in photographic composition, the line of sight has a great influence on the balance of the picture, and sometimes it has the effect of "weighing a thousand pounds at a time". Similarly, the direction of lines and the orientation of people or things will also affect people's visual psychology. Generally speaking, the direction of lines will give people a heavier sense of quantity. C. Light and shadow configuration: In photographic composition, although the shadow is not an actual entity, it has an actual image. From the visual impact, the role of shadow is not worse than that of entity. It also occupies a certain space, a certain area and a certain sense of quantity in the picture. Its position and size processing have great influence on the picture balance. D. foreground application: the foreground has many functions. In static composition, as long as it is properly configured, adjusting the picture balance is one of the most effective methods. The main body is arranged at one side or corner of the width, and the appropriate foreground can achieve balance. E. Use of color and tone: The use of color matching and tone adjustment can balance the picture. Different colors can bring different sense of weight and size to the audience, and different things with different light and shade can also bring different sense of weight to people. The reasonable collocation of color and tone with the position and size of things can form a sense of balance in the picture. F, the use of sound: sound and pictures can have a variety of cooperative relationships in modern film and television, and sound also plays a very important role in realizing the sense of composition balance. Although sound does not actually occupy a spatial position, it will add weight to a certain space when it is emitted, which may be because it reminds people of the sound source. Imaginary entities exist, although there is no specific video, but because of synaesthesia, the space is filled. 3. The golden section generally divides the boundary line of the picture into three equal parts, which are connected with the relative dividing points. All the connecting lines in the diagram are golden section lines, and the intersection of lines is the golden section point. The main body of the picture is generally placed at the golden section, and the golden section ratio is 1: 1.6 18, which is close to 460. China's traditional painting also has a discussion similar to the golden section. In China's painting theory, it is called Sanqi Stop, that is, dividing the picture into 10 parts. The point of 3: 7 is basically in the position of the golden section, and the subject can be at any point of the golden section. The composition of the word "well" often mentioned in Chinese painting is an example. 4. Contrast, also known as contrast, is to compare the different qualities and quantities of various forms of objects, which can make their respective characteristics more obvious and prominent, stimulate people's senses with greater intensity, easily excite the senses and cause eye-catching effects. Contrast is the effective use of the opposite of heterogeneity, abnormity and heterogeneity. Specific to the photographic picture, there are various forms of contrast, such as light and dark contrast, virtual reality contrast, density contrast, size contrast, point-line-plane contrast, shape contrast, color contrast, dynamic and static contrast and so on. 5. Diversity and unity "Diversity and unity" is obtained from diversity and difference, which can be expressed as Fiona Fang, length and straightness of the shape; Front, up and down, front and back direction; Hardness, thickness and smoothness of texture; The weight, size and quantity of quantity; Dynamic and static potential, convergence and divergence, positive inclination; The depth, brightness, lightness and coldness of color; Intensity and brightness of light; The strength and urgency of rhyme; The density, reality, concealment, promotion and inhibition of the environment and many other aspects. Diversity and unity are the organic combination of all aspects. 6. Change Harmony In the process of change, the elements of the object are transformed from form, quality, quantity, difference, opposition and conflict to harmony. If this is not the external unity formed by the orderly arrangement of different things, but the internal concrete unity formed by neutralization, this is the highest "harmony of change" of formal beauty. And "harmony of change" is the most appropriate embodiment in film and television composition. Rhythm and prosody are terms borrowed from music.